Clinical and Genomic Features and Prognostic Biomarkers of Oligometastatic Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Treatment of metastatic disease is rapidly evolving with local therapies increasingly being used in patients with oligometastasis. Better personalization is needed to appropriate select patients for these interventions. We attempted to better understand clinical features and genomic features of oligometastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A rare and first report of Ochrobactrum intermedium co-infection in coxsackievirus-A24-infected acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis patients.

Epidemic form of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was reported from different geographical locations of the world, during 2023. Since the viral agents are well established behind acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks, this study aims to investigate the bacterial agent associated with the acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak that occurred in the eastern Uttar Pradesh region of India. The bacterial infection was investigated in 91 conjunctival swabs collected from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis patients during the outbreak.

Evaluating the Impact of Common Non-Oncologic Medication Use During Radiotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: The treatment efficacy of prostate cancer (PCa) radiotherapy (RT) can be inadvertently affected by the concurrent usage of non-oncologic medications. Many studies have associated the intake of several non-oncologic drugs with cancer specific outcomes. In this study, we report the impact of daily non-oncologic medications including aspirin, metformin, and statins on time to progression for patients with high-risk PCa.

A Fully In Silico Protocol to Understand Olfactory Receptor-Odorant Interactions.

Understanding olfactory receptor (OR)-odorant interaction is crucial for unraveling the molecular intricacies of smell, a sense that is essential for health and survival and has potential therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, the absence of comprehensive experimental data concerning ORs has significantly impeded the understanding of the structural dimensions of olfaction, thereby necessitating innovative approaches to elucidate the structural intricacies of ORs. In this study, we developed an in silico protocol to predict OR structures and study relevant odorant interactions using the OR51E2-propionate complex as a reference.

Safety evaluation of sp. nov. DSM 33459.

A novel strain of sp. nov., designated as DSM 33459, was isolated from the feces of a healthy human donor.

Genomic and biochemical comparison of allelic triple-mutant lines derived from conventional breeding and multiplex gene editing.

Multiplex gene editing allows for the simultaneous targeting and mutagenesis of multiple loci in a genome. This tool is particularly valuable for plant genetic improvement, as plant genomes often require mutations at multiple loci to confer useful and/or novel traits. However, the regulation of gene editing can vary depending on the number of loci targeted.

From phytochemicals to recipes: health indications and culinary uses of herbs and spices.

Herbs and spices each contain about 3000 phytochemicals on average, and there is much traditional knowledge on their health benefits. However, there is a lack of systematic studies to understand the relationship among herbs and spices, their phytochemical constituents, their potential health benefits, and their usage in regional cuisines. Here, we use a network-based approach to elucidate established relationships and predict novel associations between the phytochemicals present in herbs and spices and health indications.

Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals HDAC Inhibition Modulates Microglial Dynamics to Protect Against Ischemic Stroke in Mice.

Ischemic stroke significantly contributes to global morbidity and disability through a cascade of neurological responses. Microglia, the immune modulators within the brain, exhibit dual roles in exacerbating and ameliorating ischemic injury through neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective roles, respectively. Despite emerging insights into microglia's role in neuronal support, the potential of epigenetic intervention to modulate microglial activity remains largely unexplored.

Water Clustering Modulates Activity and Enables Hydrogenated Product Formation during Carbon Monoxide Electroreduction in Aprotic Media.

Water solvation plays a critical role in a wide range of electrochemical transformations, but its role is often convoluted since water is typically used as both a solvent and a proton source. Here, we experimentally control water speciation and activity using aprotic solvent media during the carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CORR). Remarkably, we show that aprotic solvents that support microheterogeneous water-water clusters lead to significant amounts of CORR products (methane and ethylene) with a maximum ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 22% in acetonitrile (χ = 0.

Navigating the Fragrance Space Using Graph Generative Models and Predicting Odors.

We explore a suite of generative modeling techniques to efficiently navigate and explore the complex landscapes of odor and the broader chemical space. Unlike traditional approaches, we not only generate molecules but also predict the odor likeliness with a ROC AUC score of 0.97 and assign probable odor labels.

Epidemiology of acute undifferentiated febrile illness and acute encephalitis syndrome cases in Northern India: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) continue to be major public health concerns, particularly in rural areas with limited healthcare facility. We investigated the aetiological agents responsible for seasonal sporadic AUFI and AES cases in Northern India.

Method: The study included 4200 patient samples (April 2022 to March 2024), fulfilling the AUFI or AES case definition.

Neurological sequalae in pediatric patients with CNS tumors after radiation treatment: A comprehensive review.

Radiation therapy plays a pivotal role in treating pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, its potential long-term impact on neurological function poses significant challenges. In this review, we examine the scope of neurological sequelae in survivors of pediatric CNS tumors, with a focus on clinical manifestations, evaluation methods, and management strategies.

Incidence and determinants of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) of non-ischemic aetiology; a hospital-based prospective longitudinal registry study.

Background: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) can show recovery in some patients, especially with non-ischemic causes, leading to better outcomes. Recovery varies due to factors like aetiology and severity of myocardial injury. This study examines the incidence and predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery in non-ischemic HFrEF patients.

Osteitis pubis after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: An uncommon complication - Report of two cases.

Osteitis pubis is a well-known complication of urologic and gynecologic procedures but its association with hernioplasty is poorly documented in the literature. We are reporting two cases of osteitis pubis following laparoscopic hernia repair. In first case, a 52-year-old man underwent bilateral totally extra-peritoneal repair (TEP) for bilateral inguinal hernia.

Deep Learning for Odor Prediction on Aroma-Chemical Blends.

The application of deep-learning techniques to aroma chemicals has resulted in models that surpass those of human experts in predicting olfactory qualities. However, public research in this field has been limited to predicting the qualities of individual molecules, whereas in industry, perfumers and food scientists are often more concerned with blends of multiple molecules. In this paper, we apply both established and novel approaches to a data set we compiled, which consists of labeled pairs of molecules.

Updates in the Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Radiation Oncology in Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) plays a critical role in managing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers within radiation oncology. It enhances tumor detection, staging, and lymph node involvement assessment, leading to better-targeted radiation treatment. PET/CT also aids in delineating tumor volumes to minimize geographic misses, enabling precise dose escalation to metabolically active regions.

In Situ Reactive Extrusion of LDPE Films with Methacrylated Pyrogallol for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Active Packaging.

Reactive extrusion is a scalable technology for active packaging that promotes food quality and safety. This study investigated the grafting of a methacrylate pyrogallol (PGMC) active agent onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) through an in situ reactive extrusion process with varying concentrations of PGMC (1, 3, and 5 wt.%).

Inflammatory cytokine levels in rheumatic heart disease and their association with use of benzathine penicillin: A case-control pilot study.

Background: Valvular inflammation plays an important role in the progression of Rheumatic Heart Disease. We report the association between inflammatory markers and use of Benzathine Penicillin G in patients with Rheumatic mitral valve disease.

Methods: The levels of inflammatory cytokines; IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and inflammatory marker hs- CRP were measured using ELISA method in 32 patients with RHD receiving Benzathine Penicillin as secondary prophylaxis and 31 patients not receiving secondary prophylaxis, in a case-control study.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannoma - A Case-Based Practice Guide From the Radiosurgery Society.

Purpose: Vestibular schwannomas (VS) are the most common benign intracranial nerve sheath tumors. Surgery and radiation therapy - particularly stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) - are the primary treatment options. SRS is the dominant treatment for small- and medium-sized VS and selected larger tumors due to its excellent local control rates and favorable safety profile compared with surgery.

Updates in Management of Unresectable Stage III Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Radiation Oncology Perspective.

Unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a clinical challenge, due to the need for optimal local and systemic control. The management of unresectable Stage III NSCLC has evolved with advancements in radiation therapy (RT), systemic therapies, and immunotherapy. For patients with locally advanced NSCLC who are not surgical candidates, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has modest survival outcomes, due to both local progression and distant metastasis.

Landscape and prognostic significance of oncogene drivers in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer.

Background: Tumor suppressors are well known drivers of cancer invasion and metastasis in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). However, oncogenes are also known to be altered in this state, however the frequency and prognosis of these alterations are unclear. Thus, we aimed to study the spectrum of oncogene mutations in mCSPC and study the significance of these alteration on outcomes.

Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Elderly Patients With Lymphoma.

Lymphoma in elderly patients has unique treatment challenges due to baseline co-morbidities, nutrition status, impairment in functional capacities and fitness. While geriatric-specific assessment can be used to tailor treatment decisions, lack of adequate representation of elderly patients in lymphoma clinical trials impairs generalizability. Radiation treatment has traditionally been associated with high response and local control for lymphomas.

A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025.

We discuss the outcomes of our 16th horizon scan of issues that are novel or represent a considerable step-change and have the potential to substantially affect conservation of biological diversity in the coming decade. From an initial 96 topics, our international panel of 32 scientists and practitioners prioritised 15 issues. Technological advances are prominent, including metal and non-metal organic frameworks, deriving rare earth elements from macroalgae, synthetic gene drives in plants, and low-emission cement.

Increased occurrence of malignancy before and after chemoradiation for anal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis.

Background: Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer with increased occurrence of multiple cancers before and after the anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. However, there are limited data on this aspect. This multi-institutional analysis aimed to define the occurrence of malignancies before and after anal squamous cell carcinoma, time trends, and impact on survival and to identify prognostic factors.