[Volumetry of the olfactory bulb - One component in the objectification of disorders of the sense of smell].

Disorders of olfaction are a frequent reason for an assessment in otorhinolaryngology. Particularly when the results of subjective and/or objective olfactometry are inconclusive, additional objective findings are required to verify disorders of the sense of smell. Based on practical experience and considering the current literature, this article is intended as an aid in the preparation of supplementary radiological reports.

Differences in PI-RADS Classification of Prostate Cancer Based on mpMRI Scans Taken 6 Weeks Apart.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the consistency of lesion identification by Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and the related clinical and histological characteristics in a high-volume tertiary care center.

Materials And Methods: The analysis used real-world data from 111 patients between 2018 and 2022. Each patient underwent two multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the prostate at different institutions with a median interval of 42 days between the scans, followed by an MRI-fused biopsy conducted 7 days after the second MRI.

Prevalence and classification of posterior semicircular canal dehiscence in HRCTs of the petrous part of the temporal bone : High-resolution computed tomography of posterior semicircular canal dehiscence in combination with conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.

Background And Purpose: The complex anatomy of the petrous part of the temporal bone (or petrous temporal bone) is difficult to understand and constitutes a challenge in the daily diagnostic routine even for experienced neuroradiologists. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is an integral part of equipment-based diagnostics of the rare entity of posterior semicircular canal dehiscence (PSCD). PSCD is characterised by an absence of the bony cover of the posterior semicircular canal in the petrous temporal bone.

Routine CT Diagnostics Cause Dose-Dependent Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Blood Cells.

The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) has led to a rise in cumulative radiation dose due to medical imaging, raising concerns about potential long-term adverse effects. Large-scale epidemiological studies indicate a higher tumor incidence associated with CT examinations, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unexplained. To gain further insights into the cellular response triggered by routine CT diagnostics, we investigated CT-induced changes of gene expression in peripheral blood cells using whole transcriptome sequencing.

Radiomics-driven spectral profiling of six kidney stone types with monoenergetic CT reconstructions in photon-counting CT.

Objectives: Urolithiasis, a common and painful urological condition, is influenced by factors such as lifestyle, genetics, and medication. Differentiating between different types of kidney stones is crucial for personalized therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) in combination with radiomics and machine learning to develop a method for automated and detailed characterization of kidney stones.

Automated Kidney Stone Composition Analysis with Photon-Counting Detector CT, a Performance Study-A Phantom Study.

Background: For treatment of urolithiasis, the stone composition is of particular interest, as uric acid (UA) stones can be treated by chemolitholysis. In this ex vivo study, we employed an advanced composition analysis approach for urolithiasis utilizing spectral data obtained from a photon-counting detector CT (PCDCT) to differentiate UA and non-UA stones. Our primary objective was to assess the accuracy of this analysis method.

Abemaciclib and Letrozole in Metastatic Male Breast Cancer.

Background: Male breast cancer is a very rare disease and only accounts for around 1% of all breast cancers. The treatment strategies are based on those used for breast cancer in women. So far, there is a lack of randomized data to support specific treatment modalities in men.

Radiological Assessment of Different Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Measurements in Stage 1 Testicular Cancer Patients: Impact on Clinical Stage and Treatment.

In staging for testicular germ cell tumor (GCT), current guidelines lack consensus regarding the measurement of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, concerning the recommended plane and dimension. This exploratory study aimed to assess its impact on clinical stage (cS) and therapy. We retrospectively examined 154 cSI (retroperitoneal lymph nodes < 10 mm in axial short-axis diameter (SAD)) GCT patients, without adjuvant therapy and a follow-up ≥ 24 months.

Carotid artery assessment in dual-source photon-counting CT: impact of low-energy virtual monoenergetic imaging on image quality, vascular contrast and diagnostic assessability.

Purpose: Preliminary dual-energy CT studies have shown that low-energy virtual monoenergetic (VMI) + reconstructions can provide superior image quality compared to standard 120 kV CTA series. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of low-energy VMI reconstructions on quantitative and qualitative image quality, vascular contrast, and diagnostic assessability of the carotid artery in patients undergoing photon-counting CTA examinations.

Materials And Methods: A total of 122 patients (67 male) who had undergone dual-source photon-counting CTA scans of the carotid artery were retrospectively analyzed in this study.

Comparison of automated kidney stone size measurement and volumetry in photon counting CT compared to 3rd generation dual energy CT and physically measurements - an ex vivo study.

Purpose: This ex vivo study aimed to compare a newly developed dual-source photon-counting CT (PCCT) with a 3rd generation dual-source dual-energy CT (DECT) for the detection and measurement (stone lengths and volumetrics) of urinary stones.

Methods: 143 urinary stones with a known geometry were physically measured and defined as reference values. Next, urinary stones were placed in an anthropomorphic abdomen-model and were scanned with DECT and PCCT.

Optimizing Arterial Vessel Contrast in Portal Venous Phase with Virtual Monoenergetic Images from Photon-Counting Detector CT Scans of the Abdomen-First Clinical Experiences.

Background: Photon-counting detector (PCD) computed tomography (CT) allows for the reconstruction of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) at different thresholds.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the optimal arterial contrast in portal venous (pv) scans regarding objective parameters and subjective image quality for different virtual keV levels.

Methods: We identified 40 patients that underwent a CT scan with an arterial and pv phase on a PCD-CT (NAEOTOM alpha, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany).

Photon-Counting Detector CT Virtual Monoenergetic Images in Cervical Trauma Imaging-Optimization of Dental Metal Artifacts and Image Quality.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of dental metal artifacts in virtual monoenergetic (VME) images, as they often compromise image quality by obscuring soft tissue affecting vascular attenuation reducing sensitivity in the detection of dissections.

Methods: Neck photon-counting CT datasets of 50 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced trauma CT were analyzed. Hyperattenuation and hypoattenuation artifacts, muscle with and without artifacts and vessels with and without artifacts were measured at energy levels from 40 keV to 190 keV.

Ultra-low-dose photon-counting CT of paranasal sinus: an in vivo comparison of radiation dose and image quality to cone-beam CT.

Purpose: This study investigated the differences in subjective and objective image parameters as well as dose exposure of photon-counting CT (PCCT) compared to cone-beam CT (CBCT) in paranasal sinus imaging for the assessment of rhinosinusitis and sinonasal anatomy.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective study included 100 patients, who underwent either clinically indicated PCCT or CBCT of the paranasal sinus. Two blinded experienced ENT radiologists graded image quality and delineation of specific anatomical structures on a 5-point Likert scale.

Automatic cochlear multimodal 3D image segmentation and analysis using atlas-model-based method.

Objectives: To propose an automated fast cochlear segmentation, length, and volume estimation method from clinical 3D multimodal images which has a potential role in the choice of cochlear implant type, surgery planning, and robotic surgeries.

Unlabelled: Two datasets from different countries were used. These datasets include 219 clinical 3D images of cochlea from 3 modalities: CT, CBCT, and MR.

Dual-Energy CT in Cardiothoracic Imaging: Current Developments.

This article describes the technical principles and clinical applications of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the context of cardiothoracic imaging with a focus on current developments and techniques. Since the introduction of DECT, different vendors developed distinct hard and software approaches for generating multi-energy datasets and multiple DECT applications that were developed and clinically investigated for different fields of interest. Benefits for various clinical settings, such as oncology, trauma and emergency radiology, as well as musculoskeletal and cardiovascular imaging, were recently reported in the literature.

Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging of Lower Extremities Using Dual-Energy CT Angiography in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder in the world and an important risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). CT angiography represents the method of choice for the diagnosis, pre-operative planning, and follow-up of vascular disease. Low-energy dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual mono-energetic imaging (VMI) has been shown to improve image contrast, iodine signal, and may also lead to a reduction in contrast medium dose.

Impact of CT Photon-Counting Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging on Visualization of Abdominal Arterial Vessels.

Purpose: The novel photon-counting detector (PCD) technique acquires spectral data for virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) in every examination. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the impact of VMI of abdominal arterial vessels on quantitative and qualitative subjective image parameters.

Methods: A total of 20 patients that underwent an arterial phase computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with a novel PCD CT (Siemens NAEOTOM alpha) were analyzed regarding attenuation at different energy levels in virtual monoenergetic imaging.

Initial experience on abdominal photon-counting computed tomography in clinical routine: general image quality and dose exposure.

Objectives: Photon-counting computed tomography has lately found its way into clinical routine. The new technique could offer substantial improvements regarding general image quality, image noise, and radiation dose reduction. This study evaluated the first abdominal examinations in clinical routine and compared the results to conventional computed tomography.

Safety Profile and Complication Rates in Emergency Off-label Use of Tirofiban in Interventional Neuroradiology : An Observational Dual Center Study.

Purpose: Tirofiban has been approved for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome. Meanwhile, tirofiban is frequently applied in emergency situations in interventional neuroradiology (INR). The objective of this study was to analyze the risk profile for the off-label use of tirofiban in INR patients.

[Extracorporeal shockwave therapy as an alternative treatment in cases of posttraumatic delayed bone union].

Background: Impaired posttraumatic bone healing is a relevant complication of fractures. Usually, the standard treatment is surgical revision. For about 30 years extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as an alternative treatment option with similar consolidation rates but less complications.

Photon-Counting Detector CT Virtual Monoengergetic Images for Cochlear Implant Visualization-A Head to Head Comparison to Energy-Integrating Detector CT.

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the primary treatment method in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Interpretation of postoperative imaging with conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) following CI surgery remains challenging due to metal artifacts. Still, the photon-counting detector (PCD-CT) is a new emerging technology with the potential to eliminate these problems.

New hybrid multiplanar cone beam computed tomography-laser-fluoroscopic-guided approach in cochlear implant surgery.

Purpose: Cochlea implant surgery with proper positioning of the cochlear electrode can be challenging. Intraoperative real-time hybrid laser-fluoroscopic-guided navigation based on a multiplanar cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) dataset opens up the opportunity to immediate radiological control of primary electrode misalignments and offering new insights into the cochlea electrode insertion routes and favorable cochlear implant-insertion angle.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 50 cases (29 males, 18 females) of conventional electrode implantation (without intraoperative image control; group A) and nine cases (7 males, 2 females) of CBCT-laser-fluoroscopic-guided surgery (group B) were included in the present study.

Detection of Endoleaks Following Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Endovascular Aortic Repair-: A Comparison of Standard and Dynamic 4D-Computed Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: Endoleaks are a common complication after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The detection and correct classification of endoleaks is essential for the further treatment of affected patients. However, standard computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides no hemodynamic information on endoleaks, which can result in misclassification in complex cases.

Incidental Findings in Head and Brain MRI of Military Pilots and Applicants: Consequences for Medical Flight Fitness.

With improved imaging technology, the number of incidental findings detected in cerebral MRI is increasing. This is a challenge that the German Air Force has to deal with in the context of standardized MRI examinations of young pilot candidates and pilots. The German Air Force Centre of Aerospace Medicine hosted a 2-d conference to develop recommendations and procedures for the handling of some of the most frequently encountered cerebral incidental findings.