Routine CT Diagnostics Cause Dose-Dependent Gene Expression Changes in Peripheral Blood Cells.

The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) has led to a rise in cumulative radiation dose due to medical imaging, raising concerns about potential long-term adverse effects. Large-scale epidemiological studies indicate a higher tumor incidence associated with CT examinations, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unexplained. To gain further insights into the cellular response triggered by routine CT diagnostics, we investigated CT-induced changes of gene expression in peripheral blood cells using whole transcriptome sequencing.

The Immunomodulatory Effect of Different FLT3 Inhibitors on Dendritic Cells.

Background: FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations or internal tandem duplication occur in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. In these cases, FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) are approved for induction treatment and relapse. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) remains the recommended post-induction therapy for suitable patients.

Ultra-low-dose photon-counting CT of paranasal sinus: an in vivo comparison of radiation dose and image quality to cone-beam CT.

Purpose: This study investigated the differences in subjective and objective image parameters as well as dose exposure of photon-counting CT (PCCT) compared to cone-beam CT (CBCT) in paranasal sinus imaging for the assessment of rhinosinusitis and sinonasal anatomy.

Methods: This single-centre retrospective study included 100 patients, who underwent either clinically indicated PCCT or CBCT of the paranasal sinus. Two blinded experienced ENT radiologists graded image quality and delineation of specific anatomical structures on a 5-point Likert scale.

Initial experience on abdominal photon-counting computed tomography in clinical routine: general image quality and dose exposure.

Objectives: Photon-counting computed tomography has lately found its way into clinical routine. The new technique could offer substantial improvements regarding general image quality, image noise, and radiation dose reduction. This study evaluated the first abdominal examinations in clinical routine and compared the results to conventional computed tomography.

Photon-Counting Detector CT Virtual Monoengergetic Images for Cochlear Implant Visualization-A Head to Head Comparison to Energy-Integrating Detector CT.

Cochlear implants (CIs) are the primary treatment method in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. Interpretation of postoperative imaging with conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) following CI surgery remains challenging due to metal artifacts. Still, the photon-counting detector (PCD-CT) is a new emerging technology with the potential to eliminate these problems.

Detection of Endoleaks Following Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Endovascular Aortic Repair-: A Comparison of Standard and Dynamic 4D-Computed Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: Endoleaks are a common complication after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The detection and correct classification of endoleaks is essential for the further treatment of affected patients. However, standard computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides no hemodynamic information on endoleaks, which can result in misclassification in complex cases.

Radiation exposure during angiographic interventions in interventional radiology - risk and fate of advanced procedures.

Purpose: Advanced angiographic procedures in interventional radiology are becoming more important and are more frequently used, especially in the treatment of several acute life-threatening diseases like stroke or aortic injury. In recent years, technical advancement has led to a broader spectrum of interventions and complex procedures with longer fluoroscopy times. This involves the risk of higher dose exposures, which, in rare cases, may cause deterministic radiation effects, e.

Impact of medical imaging on the epigenome - low-dose exposure in the course of computed tomography does not induce detectable changes of DNA-methylation profiles in peripheral blood cells.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is a main contributor to artificial low-dose exposure. Understanding the biological effects induced by CT exposure and their dependency on the characteristics of photon spectra is essential for knowledge-driven risk assessment. In a previous gene expression study, we have identified upregulation of , , , and after ex vivo exposure with single-energy CT and dual-energy CT (DECT).

Genomic Adaption and Mutational Patterns in a HaCaT Subline Resistant to Alkylating Agents and Ionizing Radiation.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that can damage DNA via alkylation and oxidative stress. Because of its genotoxicity, SM is cancerogenic and the progenitor of many chemotherapeutics. Previously, we developed an SM-resistant cell line via chronic exposure of the popular keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to increasing doses of SM over a period of 40 months.

Additional CTA-Subtraction Technique in Detection of Pulmonary Embolism-a Benefit for Patients or Only an Increase in Dose?

Latest advantages in computed tomography (CT) come with enhanced diagnostic imaging and also sophisticated dose reduction techniques. However, overall exposure to ionizing radiation of patients in Germany rises slightly, which is mainly based on the growing number of performed CT scans. Furthermore, new possibilities in modern imaging, including 4D scans or perfusion protocols, offer new medical insights but require additional scans.

CT Irradiation-induced Changes of Gene Expression within Peripheral Blood Cells.

Computed tomography (CT) is a crucial element of medical imaging diagnostics. The widespread application of this technology has made CT one of the major contributors to medical radiation burden, despite the fact that doses per individual CT scan steadily decrease due to the advancement of technology. Epidemiological risk assessment of CT exposure is hampered by the fact that moderate adverse effects triggered by low doses of CT exposure are likely masked by statistical fluctuations.

Detection of Embedded Low-level Radioactive Shrapnel after the Explosion of a Radiological Dispersal Device in Radiological Emergency Imaging.

Concern about the threat of a terrorist attack with a Radiological Dispersal Device has increased considerably over the last few years, and this comes along with an immense challenge, especially regarding medical treatment of combined injuries with incorporated radioactive fragments. In such scenarios, the identification and surgical exploration of radioactive fragments is a major issue to prevent further radiation-induced effects like wound healing disorders, onset of acute radiation syndrome, and as a late-effect cancer. However, in a usual emergency setting, it is unclear how this task can be achieved.

X-ray irradiation induces subtle changes in the genome-wide distribution of DNA hydroxymethylation with opposing trends in genic and intergenic regions.

DNA hydroxymethylation has gained attention as an intermediate in the process of DNA demethylation. More recently, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine has been recognized as an independent epigenetic mark that can persist over time and that exerts influence on gene regulation and other biological processes. Deregulation of this DNA modification has been linked to tumorigenesis and a variety of other diseases.

Gene expression changes in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after X-ray irradiation.

Radiation-induced heart disease caused by cardiac exposure to ionizing radiation comprises a variety of cardiovascular effects. Research in this field has been hampered by limited availability of clinical samples and appropriate test models. In this study, we wanted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying electrophysiological changes, which we have observed in a previous study.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Interchromosomal Interaction Probabilities Reveals Chained Translocations and Overrepresentation of Translocation Breakpoints in Genes in a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Line.

In classical models of tumorigenesis, the accumulation of tumor promoting chromosomal aberrations is described as a gradual process. Next-generation sequencing-based methods have recently revealed complex patterns of chromosomal aberrations, which are beyond explanation by these classical models of karyotypic evolution of tumor genomes. Thus, the term chromothripsis has been introduced to describe a phenomenon, where temporarily and spatially confined genomic instability results in dramatic chromosomal rearrangements limited to segments of one or a few chromosomes.

Impact of Ionizing Radiation on Electrophysiological Behavior of Human-induced Ipsc-derived Cardiomyocytes on Multielectrode Arrays.

Cardiac arrhythmia presumably induced through cardiac fibrosis is a recurrent long-term consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation. However, there is also evidence that cardiac arrhythmia can occur in patients shortly after irradiation. In this study, the authors employed multielectrode arrays to investigate the short-term effects of x-ray radiation on the electrophysiological behavior of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells.

Exploring the Link between Radiation Exposure and Multifocal Basal Cell Carcinomas in a Former Chernobyl Clean-up Worker by Combining Different Molecular Biological Techniques.

Thirty years after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident we report on a patient who was a clean-up worker, who subsequently developed multiple cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). We used several methods to assess the biological long-term effects related to low-dose external and internal radiation exposure. Specifically, because BCC risk may be increased with ionizing radiation exposure, we endeavored to determine whether the multifocal BCCs were related to the patient's past clean-up work.

Cognitive trajectory after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is known to be associated with silent cerebral injury, which could contribute to cognitive impairment. Considering its increasing use, thorough longitudinal investigation of cognitive trajectory after TAVI is pivotal.

Methods And Results: Repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status was performed before (E1), 3 days (E2), 3 months (E3), 1 (E4) year, and 2 years (E5) after TAVI.

Prognostic value of cerebral injury following transfemoral aortic valve implantation.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of serological, imaging and clinical measures of cerebral injury on patient self-sufficiency and survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods And Results: Before and three days after TAVI, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and neurological performance utilising National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were assessed. Self-sufficiency was determined with established score systems (instrumental activities of daily living score, Barthel Index).

Prognostic value of cerebral injury following transfemoral aortic valve implantation.

Aims: To evaluate the impact of serological, imaging and clinical measures of cerebral injury on patient self-sufficiency and survival after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Methods and results: Before and three days after TAVI, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and neurological performance utilising National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were assessed. Self-sufficiency was determined with established score systems (instrumental activities of daily living score, Barthel Index).