Role of autophagy in rejection after solid organ transplantation: A systematic review of the literature.

Organ transplantation has long been recognized as an effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, metabolic diseases, and malignant tumors. However, graft rejection caused by major histocompatibility complex mismatch remains a significant challenge. While modern immunosuppressants have made significant strides in reducing the incidence and risk of rejection, they have not been able to eliminate it completely.

Administration of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuates Myocardial Dysfunction in Tail-Suspended Mice.

Microgravity conditions cause myocardial atrophy and dysfunction with limited therapeutics. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contributes to myocardial dysfunction under microgravity, making NAD boosting an appealing therapeutic approach. In this study, we sought to investigate whether β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD, preserved cardiomyocytes size and myocardial function during microgravity.

A case report of a rare intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with rectal metastasis.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary liver cancer with insidious onset, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. The lymphatic system is the main route of ICC distant metastasis, with lungs, adrenal glands, and brain as the most common extrahepatic sites. However, extrahepatic metastases of ICC have rarely been reported in patients with rectal symptoms as initial symptoms, and the diagnosis relies on the specific immunohistochemical features of intestinal lesion biopsy.

Exciton Dynamic Processes in Colloidal CdS/CdSe/CdS Quantum Well Nanostructures.

Colloidal quantum well nanostructures (QWs) are potential materials for optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes and lasers. CdS/CdSe/CdS and CdS/CdSe/ZnS QWs were produced within a colloidal method, on which characterizations were conducted. The transient absorption spectra showed different dynamic processes between the traditional core/shell quantum dots and QWs, as well as between CdS/CdSe/CdS and CdS/CdSe/ZnS QWs.

Importance of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray in prenatal diagnosis.

Background: With the increasing number of older pregnant women and environmental pollution, the incidence of congenital malformations increases every year. Prenatal diagnosis is an effective means of identifying congenital malformations.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical utility of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis during prenatal evaluations.

Prediction of right recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer based on computed tomography imaging histology.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify risk factors for right recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node (RRLNLN) metastasis using computed tomography (CT) imaging histology and clinical data from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), ultimately developing a clinical prediction model.

Methods: Data were collected from 370 patients who underwent surgical resection at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, from December 2014 to December 2020. Subsequently, the venous-stage chest-enhanced CT images of the patients were imported into 3DSlicer 4.

miR-3529-3p/ABCA1 axis regulates smooth muscle cell homeostasis by enhancing inflammation via JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background: Thoracic Aortic Dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening disease without effective drug treatments. The disruption of HASMCs homeostasis is one direct histopathologic alteration in TAD pathological process. Several miRNAs have been shown abnormally expressed in TAD and to regulate HASMCs homeostasis.

The Biodegradation of Indigo Carmine by HL3 Spore and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products.

The aims of this article were to investigate HL3 spore for its capacity to degrade and detoxify indigo carmine and to provide an effective biological agent for the treatment of isatin dye wastewater. HL3 spore was found to decolorize indigo carmine by 97% in the presence of acetosyringone within 2 h. Significantly increased activities of spore laccase, intracellular tyrosinase, and lignin peroxidase upon exposure to indigo carmine were observed.

Clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome with anti-neurofascin 155 antibody.

Objective: Anti-neurofascin 155 (NF155) antibody has been discovered in chronic demyelinating conditions. However, the positive rate and clinical description were insufficient in acute demyelinating conditions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). This study aimed to explore the positive rate of anti-NF155 antibody in GBS patients and determine whether there were unique clinical characteristics in these patients.

Pramipexole inhibits astrocytic NLRP3 inflammasome activation via Drd3-dependent autophagy in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

Inflammation is one of the pathogenic processes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole (PPX) is extensively used for PD treatment in clinics. A number of studies show that PPX exerts neuroprotection on dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PPX on DA neurons are not fully elucidated.

Authentic leadership and innovation behaviour among nurses in China: A mediation model of work engagement.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of authentic leadership on nurses' innovation behaviour and the mediating role of work engagement.

Background: Encouraging nurses to generate more innovation behaviours has become an important development direction for improving the quality of nursing services.

Method: We employed a self-report questionnaire to collect data in Jinan City, China.

Identifying the hub gene and immune infiltration of Parkinson's disease using bioinformatical methods.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 1%-2% of the population over 60 years old. Immune response dysfunction in the brain contributes to the occurrence and development of PD. This study aimed to uncover the potential diagnostic genes for PD and characterize the immune cell infiltrates.

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence bioassay triggered by intracellular leakage for detection of Escherichia coli.

An intracellular leakage-trigged signal-on solid-state electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay is developed for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli). A self-assembled multilayer ensemble of N, S co-doped carbon dots -poly dimethyl diallylammonium chloride grafted carbon nanospheres is used as ECL luminophores with peroxydisulfate (PS) ions as coreactants.

A Bioassay-Based Approach for the Batch-To-Batch Consistency Evaluation of Xuesaitong Injection on a Zebrafish Thrombosis Model.

Quality control of Chinese medicine (CM) is mainly based on chemical testing, which sometimes shows weak correlation to pharmacological effects. Thus, there is a great demand to establish bioactivity-based assays to ensure the quality of CM. The aim of the present study was to establish a bioassay-based approach to evaluate the biological activity of Xuesaitong injection (XST) based on an zebrafish model.

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate level in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a hint on differential diagnosis and possible immunopathogenesis.

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) may be similar to each other in clinical features. The differential diagnosis between them remains challenging in clinical practice. This retrospective study is aimed to describe the difference of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate level between aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) positive NMOSD and MS, to discuss the possible explanation upon immunopathogenesis and the significance in differential diagnosis.

Comparisons Between Infectious and Autoimmune Encephalitis: Clinical Signs, Biochemistry, Blood Counts, and Imaging Findings.

Objective: Infectious encephalitis (IE) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) are symptomatically similar in clinic, however essentially different in pathogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify specific features to distinguish the two types of encephalitis for early effective diagnosis and treatments through a comparative analysis.

Methods: Fifty-nine IE patients and 36 AE patients were enrolled.

Increased serum IL-36γ levels are associated with disease severity in myasthenia gravis patients.

Background: Interleukin 36 (IL-36), as a gradually recognized cytokine, is involved in the occurrence and evolution of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the relationship between myasthenia gravis (MG) and IL-36 is rarely reported.

Methods: We evaluated the serum levels of IL-36 (IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Xiao-Ke-An improve the glucolipid metabolism via the activation of AKT/GSK-3β pathway.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a specific enzyme hydrolyzing the incretin hormone glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) to reduce insulin secretion, meanwhile DPP-4 inhibitors play an important role in diabetic therapy. In present study, 14 potential inhibitors were screened with an inhibition over 50% on DPP-4 activity from Xiao-Ke-An formula (XKA) and 12 of them exhibited a dose-dependently inhibitory effect at concentrations of 5-50 μmol/l. We found 10 DPP-4 inhibitors restrained differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as well as reducing the triglycerides and total cholesterol content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Correlation between serum levels of endothelin-1 and disease severity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Aims: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are aquaporin-4 antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an inflammatory cytokine released by vascular endothelial cells and activated astrocytes. Previous studies have reported the aberrant expressions of cytokines/chemokines in patients diagnosed with NMOSD.

Different clinical characteristics of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with and without connective tissue disorders: a single-center retrospective study.

Background And Objective: Autoimmune longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is often combined with connective tissue disorders (CTD). The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of autoimmune LETM with and without CTD.

Methods: Ninety-two patients diagnosed with autoimmune LETM were enrolled from our clinical database and divided into two groups depending on whether they had a concomitant diagnosis of CTD.

Impact of Maternal Separation on Dopamine System and its Association with Parkinson's Disease.

As a type of stress, maternal separation (MS) has been one of the most widely used models in neuropsychiatric research. An increasing number of studies has found that MS not only affects the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine system, but also causes dysfunction of the central dopamine (DA) system and increases the susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to pathogenic factors of Parkinson's disease (PD), for instance, 6-hydroxydopamine, thus impairing motor function. We reviewed the impact of MS on the DA system and its correlation with PD and found the following: (1) discrepant effects of MS on the DA system have been reported; (2) MS is a good model to study the impact of stress on the occurrence and development of PD, however, unified modeling criteria of MS are required; (3) correlation between MS and PD may involve the impact of MS on the DA system, which however is not the only connection; (4) intervening measures can block pathways between MS and PD, which provides reference for the prevention of PD in specific populations such as left-behind children.

Prevalence and association of medication nonadherence with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial infarction.

Current study was to evaluate the prevalence of guideline recommended medications adherence in myocardial infarction (MI) patients postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the association of medication nonadherence and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).MI patients who underwent PCI in the last 12 months were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and guideline recommended medications were evaluated.

Modelling oil trajectories and potentially contaminated areas from the Sanchi oil spill.

Oil spills are major threats to marine ecosystems. Here, we establish a three-dimensional oil spill model to simulate and project the short- and long-term trajectories of oil slicks and oil-contaminated water that leaked from the Sanchi wreckage. The pollution probability in surrounding areas for the period up to 180 days after the Sanchi sank is statistically analysed.

Interaction effects of washing and abrasion on thermal protective performance of flame-retardant fabrics.

In this study, common flame-retardant fabrics were treated with single washing or abrasion and their interactions to simulate wearing away during use. The changes in thickness, mass/m and protective performance of the fabrics under both flame and radiation environments were evaluated. Results demonstrated that the protective performance was firstly increased after washing or abrasion, and then decreased with further increasing washing or abrasion cycles.