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The aims of this article were to investigate HL3 spore for its capacity to degrade and detoxify indigo carmine and to provide an effective biological agent for the treatment of isatin dye wastewater. HL3 spore was found to decolorize indigo carmine by 97% in the presence of acetosyringone within 2 h. Significantly increased activities of spore laccase, intracellular tyrosinase, and lignin peroxidase upon exposure to indigo carmine were observed. The results of RT-qPCR also showed that the expression of laccase gene was significantly increased. The spore has the ability to degrade indigo carmine through oxidization. Furthermore, the pathway by which indigo carmine is degraded was investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify the biodegradation products. A detailed pathway of indigo carmine degradation by bacterial spores was proposed for the first time. Toxicity tests indicated that the biodegradation products of indigo carmine are non-toxic to seeds and are less hazardous to human erythrocytes than the original dye. Indigo carmine is a typical recalcitrant dye and severely jeopardizes human health. The results demonstrate the utility of the spore from HL3 for the degradation of indigo carmine and simultaneous reduction of its toxicity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238539 | DOI Listing |
Food Chem
August 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan; R&D Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan. Electronic address:
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate composed of gold nanoparticles-decorated selenium nanowires (AuSe NWs) was developed for trace detection of the food dye, indigo carmine (IC). The Se NWs were synthesized via co-precipitation and functionalized with Au nanoparticles through photoreduction. The resulting substrate exhibited strong SERS activity due to synergistic electromagnetic and chemical enhancement within AuSe NWs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsian J Endosc Surg
August 2025
Department of General Surgery, Honjo Daiichi Hospital, Akita, Japan.
Right-sided colonic diverticulitis is generally considered less prone to severe complications than left-sided colonic diverticulitis; progression to an inguinal subcutaneous abscess via retroperitoneal extension is extremely rare. Herein, we report a unique case of cecal diverticulitis, wherein a retroperitoneal abscess extended into the inguinal region. A 65-year-old man presented with right inguinal swelling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomacromolecules
September 2025
Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, Iasi 700487, Romania.
Polymer/enzyme nanoassemblies are a class of nanomaterials of increasing interest for the medical, industrial, or environmental fields. This study comprises a thorough scrutiny of the formation of nanoassemblies between laccase and a polysaccharide, chitosan, employing various experimental and theoretical methods. The binding mechanism was investigated through fluorescence quenching and molecular dynamics simulations, which identified key amino acids involved in the interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania; Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:
Hybrid nanostructures from synthetic and biological macromolecules emerged as a significant research topic as they can find applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and environmental remediation. Herein, innovative nanostructures in the form of electrostatic complexes were prepared by the interaction of laccase with a hybrid graft copolymer, CHI-g-PNIPAM, obtained by grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) containing carboxylate end-groups onto chitosan chains. The size, charge, morphology, and stability of the obtained nanostructures were investigated through light scattering measurements and scanning transmission electron microscopy, demonstrating the effect of the ratio between the components on the properties of the obtained co-assembled nanostructures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Gastroenterol Peru
August 2025
Clínica Centenario Peruano Japonesa, Lima, Perú.
Peru has a high incidence and mortality rate of stomach and colorectal cancers. While chromoendoscopy (CE) with indigo carmine dye is the gold standard for gastrointestinal tumor early detection, its accessibility is limited in Peru due to cost and infrastructure restrictions. This study explores the potential of a natural alternative: anthocyanin dye extracted from purple corn (PC), a widely consumed and accessible food source in Peru.
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