Impact of cyclosporine A-related single nucleotide polymorphisms on post-transplant outcomes in pediatric hematologic malignancy patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), such as cyclosporine A (CsA), are widely used as immunosuppressants for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in patients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). CsA-related transporters and metabolic enzymes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the efficacy of CsA in individuals. However, few studies have explored how CsA-related SNPs correlate with post-transplant complications and prognosis.

Sepsis impairs immunocompetent plasmacytoid dendritic cell reconstitution from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell through altered bone marrow environment.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are crucial components of the immune response during viral infections, yet their function and development in the late phase of sepsis remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of prolonged sepsis on pDCs and their progenitors in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice. We observed a significant reduction in both pDCs and their progenitors, alongside the presence of mature and regulatory pDCs.

Sodium bicarbonate in treating lactic and non-lactic metabolic acidosis at different chloride levels: a retrospective study.

Background: Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used to correct metabolic acidosis in pediatric patients, yet its efficacy remains controversial. This study aims to assess its effectiveness in treating non-lactic and lactic metabolic acidosis and its impact at various chloride levels.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by screening pediatric patients diagnosed with metabolic acidosis from a paediatric intensive care database.

S-adenosylmethionine addiction confers sensitivity to methionine restriction in -rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Current intensive chemotherapy regimens have improved overall survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) but fail to cure some high-risk patient subgroups. We observed that lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A)-rearranged leukemia, an aggressive subset with a dismal prognosis, is particularly vulnerable to perturbations of the methionine cycle. We demonstrate that this methionine dependency is driven by an increased need for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to maintain the hypermethylated state of KMT2A-r leukemias.

Epidemiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumoniae in hospitalized children around COVID-19 from Jiangsu Province, China: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: It has been reported that the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed the epidemiological characteristics of many pathogens, but the epidemiological characteristics of (MP) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not clear. The aim of this study was to answer this question.

Methods: Children with CAP in three tertiary hospitals (hospitals A, B and C) from 2018 to 2023 were selected.

Clinical relevance of lung microbiota composition in critically ill children with acute lower respiratory tract infections: insights from a retrospective analysis of metagenomic sequencing.

Purpose: Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) is a leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identifies ALRIs pathogens and explores the lung microbiota's role in disease severity and clinical outcomes. This study examines the association between lung microbiota and ALRIs outcomes in children, exploring its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

The efficacy and safety of third-party umbilical blood/umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell assisted related haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with acute leukemia: an observational study.

Background: There is limited data on third-party umbilical cord blood (UCB) or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation-assisted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in pediatric patients.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UCB and MSC transplantation-assisted haplo-HSCT in pediatric patients with acute leukemia (AL).

Design: Observational study.

Earlier intrathecal dexamethasone effectively alleviate immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is effective in treating relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL). However, the side effects of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) remain a problem. The current frontline therapies for ICANS include steroids and supportive care.

Combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is a life-threatening infection that may occur following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) is one of the most severe manifestations of this infection and often results in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, especially regarding neurological damage. Recent studies have demonstrated that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) can significantly aid in neural repair and remodeling.

The evaluation of cytokines in predicting the organ injury of critically pediatric patients: a retrospective study.

Background: The current early warning model for organ damage in critically ill patients has certain limitations. Based on the pathological mechanism, the establishment of an early warning system for organ damage in critically ill children using cytokines profile has not been explored. The aim of this study is to explore the predicting value of cytokines in critically ill patients.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II in a newborn with a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the SEC23B: a case report and review of the literature.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA II) refers to a group of extremely rare heterozygous disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes and bone marrow erythroblasts. Six types of CDA with differing heterogenous genetic mutations have been identified to date. Due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of CDA, accurate diagnosis can be very challenging, especially with the clinical overlap observed between CDA and other dyserythropoietic diseases.

Clinical efficacy of sodium bicarbonate in treating pediatric metabolic acidosis with varying level of acid-base balance parameters: a real-world study.

Background: Sodium bicarbonate (SB) infusion is commonly used to correct metabolic acidosis, but its clinical efficacy remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether acid-base balance parameters should be a consideration for administering SB treatment.

Methods: Children with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.

Initial indicators for the prognosis of Acinetobacter Baumannii bacteremia in children.

Background: Risk factors related to mortality due to Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) bacteremia have been unveiled previously, but early clinical manifestations of AB bacteremia based on prognosis remain uncovered.

Methods: The demographic characteristics, clinical features, antibiotic susceptibility, and outcomes of 37 hospitalized children with laboratory-confirmed AB bacteremia from Suzhou, China, were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

Results: Of the 37 children with AB bacteremia included in this study, 23 were males and 14 were females, with a median age of 4.

The influence of methotrexate-related transporter and metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms on peri-engraftment syndrome and graft-versus-host disease after haplo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with malignant hematological diseases.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX), utilized as a graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylactic agent in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), has been proven to effectively decrease the occurrence of the peri-engraftment syndrome (Peri-ES) and acute GvHD (aGvHD). Changes in the pharmacodynamics of MTX are closely associated with gene polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Nevertheless, the current studies mainly concentrate on leukemia or autoimmune diseases, and limited studies on allo-HSCT were reported.

BRD4 PROTAC degrader MZ1 exhibits anti-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia effects via targeting CCND3.

Introduction: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting children. While the majority of B-ALL patients (90%) experience successful recovery, early relapse cases of B-ALL continue to exhibit high mortality rates. MZ1, a novel inhibitor of Bromodomains and extra-terminal (BET) proteins, has demonstrated potent antitumor activity against hematological malignancies.

[Expression of Gene and Its Clinical Significance in Pediatric T-ALL].

Objective: To detect the relative expression of (immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1) mRNA in bone marrow of children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and analyze its correlation with the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients, so as to clarify the clinical significance of in pediatric T-ALL patients.

Methods: A total of 56 pediatric T-ALL patients hospitalized in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from June 2012 to December 2017 and treated with CCLG-ALL 2008 regimen were selected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to detect the transcription level of gene in children with T-ALL.

BRD4 PROTAC degrader MZ1 exerts anticancer effects in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting c-Myc and ANP32B genes.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly cancerous and aggressive hematologic disease with elevated levels of drug resistance and relapse resulting in high mortality. Recently, bromodomains and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors have been extensively researched in hematological tumors as potential anticancer agents. MZ1 is a novel BET inhibitor that mediates selective proteins degradation and suppression of tumor growth through proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) technology.

BRD4 Inhibitor GNE-987 Exerts Anticancer Effects by Targeting Super-Enhancer-Related Gene LYL1 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: AML (acute myeloid leukemia) is a common hematological malignancy in children with poor treatment effects and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that as a novel BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4) PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) degrader, GNE-987 can slow down the growth of various tumors and increase apoptosis, with promising clinical prospects. However, the function and molecular mechanism of GNE-987 in AML remain unclear.