Facile Construction of Eco-friendly Chitosan-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels as Pesticide Delivery Systems for Plant Growth Regulation and Antifungal Applications.

Pesticides are of great significance in ensuring food yield. However, the extensive use of pesticides has led to severe environmental pollution and significant economic losses. Chitosan-based pesticide delivery systems potentially present a favorable approach to enhance pesticide using efficiency.

Synthesis and herbicidal activities of acylalanine-containing 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzothiazol-2-ones.

Background: 3-(Pyridin-2-yl)benzothiazol-2-one derivatives are a novel class of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. Although they demonstrate extraordinary herbicidal activity against broadleaf weeds, their efficacy against grass weeds remains limited. To develop broad-spectrum herbicide candidates, a series of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)benzothiazol-2-one derivatives bearing acylalanine moiety were designed in this study.

Identification and characterization of ugpE associated with the full virulence of Streptococcus suis.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that threatens both animal and human health worldwide. UgpE is a protein subunit of the Ugp (uptake of glycerol phosphate) transporter system that is involved in glycerophospholipid synthesis in bacterial membranes.

Isolation of Macrolactin A from a new Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its aphicidal activity against Rhopalosiphum padi.

Background: Rhopalosiphum padi is a major infection affecting cereal crops in the boundary area. However, continuous use of chemical pesticides has increased cases of drug resistance in its field population. Therefore, we aimed to verify the insecticidal properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YJNbs21.

Discovery of N-benzyl-6-methylpicolinamide as a potential scaffold for bleaching herbicides.

Background: In pesticide research, bleaching herbicides have always been a hot topic. Our previous research showed that N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methoxybenzamide is an innovative lead compound for bleaching herbicides.

Results: A total of 40 derivatives of picolinamides were prepared and evaluated for their herbicidal activity by Petri dish tests and postemergence trials.

Synthesis and herbicidal activities of 2-((3-pyridinyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)oxy)propionates.

Background: The discovery of lead compounds is fundamental to herbicide innovation, yet the limited availability of valuable lead compounds has impeded their progress in recent years. The study presents a novel molecular scaffold that exhibits remarkably potent herbicidal activity.

Results: Through a scaffold-hopping strategy, a highly potent lead compound for herbicides, namely 3-(2-pyridinyl)-benzothiazol-2-one, was unexpectedly discovered during attempts to structurally modify haloxyfop, a commercial aryl-oxy-phenoxy-propionate herbicide.

Development and application of an indirect ELISA and nested PCR for the epidemiological analysis of among pigs in China.

Introduction: () is an important opportunistic and zoonotic pathogen which is associated with many diseases in humans and animals. However, the pathogenicity of has been neglected and the prevalence of is poorly studied due to the lack of rapid and sensitive diagnosis techniques.

Methods: In this study, we infected mice and pigs with strain from a human patient.

O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase deficient Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain SC19 becomes an avirulent strain and provides immune protection against homotype infection in mice.

O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in microbial methionine biosynthesis, which catalyzes the conversion of o-acetyl-homoserine (OAH) to homocysteine. In our previous study, we found that OAHS of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can interact with the porcine blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, but whether OAHS regulates the penetration of BBB during SS2 infection is still unclear. To explore the role of OAHS in SS2 infection, OAHS-deficient SS2 mutant strain (SC19-ΔOAHS) and gene complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS) were constructed.

N-benzyl-2-methoxy-5-propargyloxybenzoamides, a new type of bleaching herbicides targeting the biosynthesis pathway of plastoquinone.

Background: Previously, the herbicidal activity of N-benzyl-2-methoxybenzamides was discovered during a random screening program in our laboratory. The chemicals resulted in bleaching effect of newly grown leaves by interfering with the biosynthesis of β-carotene in plant.

Results: A total of 28 benzamides were synthesized and subjected for the evaluation of herbicidal activity.

In vivo and in vitro antifungal activities of five alkaloid compounds isolated from Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn against plant pathogenic fungi.

Highly active and novel antifungal compounds are continuously researched from natural products for pesticide development. Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn, a species of Simaroubaceae, is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat colds and upper respiratory infections.

Long noncoding RNA IRF1-AS is associated with peste des petits ruminants infection.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious disease and has long been a significant threat to small ruminant productivity worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying host-PPRV interactions remains unclear and the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulation of PPR virus (PPRV) infection has rarely been reported so far. Here, we first demonstrated that PPRV infection can induce an obvious innate immune response in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) at 48 h post-infection (hpi) with an MOI of 3.

Weak and Maneuvering Target Detection with Long Observation Time Based on Segment Fusion for Narrowband Radar.

Detecting high-speed and maneuvering targets is challenging in early warning radar applications. Modern early warning radar has many functions such as detection, tracking, imaging, and recognition which need a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Thus, long-time coherent integration is a necessary method to realize high SNR requirements.

Multi-granularity heterogeneous graph attention networks for extractive document summarization.

Extractive document summarization is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP). Recently, several Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed for this task. However, most existing GNN-based models can neither effectively encode semantic nodes of multiple granularity level apart from sentences nor substantially capture different cross-sentence meta-paths.

Learning from Knowledge Graphs: Neural Fine-Grained Entity Typing with Copy-Generation Networks.

Fine-grained entity typing (FET) aims to identify the semantic type of an entity in a plain text, which is a significant task for downstream natural language processing applications. However, most existing methods neglect rich known typing information about these entities in knowledge graphs. To address this issue, we take advantage of knowledge graphs to improve fine-grained entity typing through the use of a copy mechanism.

Peste des petits ruminants virus induces ERS-mediated autophagy to promote virus replication.

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has long been a significant threat to small ruminant productivity worldwide. Virus infection-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS) and the subsequently activated unfolded protein response (UPR) play significant roles in viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the relationship between ERS and PPRV infection is unknown.

Discovery, SAR, and putative mode of action of N-benzyl-2-methoxybenzamides as potential bleaching herbicides.

Background: Herbicides acting on biosynthesis of plant pigments have contributed greatly to weed control in recent years. In our previous studies, 2-methoxybenzamides were discovered as a novel type of lead compound for the development of bleaching herbicides.

Results: A total of 67 benzamide analogues were synthesized and evaluated for herbicidal activity.

PPRV-induced novel miR-3 contributes to inhibit type I IFN production by targeting IRAK1.

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an important pathogen that seriously influences the productivity of small ruminants worldwide. PPRV has evolved several mechanisms to evade IFN-I responses. We report that a novel microRNA in goat PBMCs, novel miR-3, was upregulated by PPRV to facilitate virus infection.

Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of -Benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides.

Based on the structures of isoxaflutole (IFT) and -isobutyl--(4-chloro-benzyl)-4-chloro-2-pentenamide, a series of -benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides was designed by connecting their pharmacophores (, a multitarget drug design strategy). A total of 27 -benzyl-5-cyclopropyl-isoxazole-4-carboxamides were prepared from 5-cyclopropylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid and substituted benzylamines, and their structures were confirmed by NMR and MS. Laboratory bioassays indicated that showed 100% inhibition against and at a concentration of 10 mg/L, better than the positive control butachlor (50% inhibition for both weeds).

Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity Evaluation of Virtually Screened Phenylsulfonamides.

The fastest and most effective way to control pests is to use pesticides. However, with the accumulation of pesticide resistance and the difficulties of rapidly producing new pesticides, it is of great significance to create new pesticides through new synthetic methods. In this study, we report a computer-aided drug design (CADD)-assisted method to obtain two lead sulfonamides by homology modeling and virtual screening.

Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics and Molecular Docking of Fraxinellone with DNA.

Fraxinellone is an important botanical lactone compound and has been demonstrated to have insecticidal activity. To provide theoretical support to the assessment on the safety of utilizing fraxinellone as a natural insecticidal agent, the interactions between fraxinellone and armyworm DNA, salmon sperm DNA and calf thymus DNA were investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking. Results showed that there were two types of combinations between fraxinellone and three kinds of DNA.

Associations Between Polymorphisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3, Angiotensinogen, and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Risk of Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Previous studies have reported controversial results regarding the risk of restenosis with polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3), angiotensinogen (AGT), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to summarize the association between these polymorphisms and risk of restenosis after PCI.

Methods: We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane's Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Synthesis and insecticidal activity in vitro and vivo of novel benzenesulfonyl derivatives based on potent target subunit H of V-ATPase.

Two lead compounds with benzenesulfonamide were found through virtual screening based on the 3D structure of the subunit H of V-ATPase in previous study. 74 benzenesulfonyl derivatives were synthesized and their insecticidal activities were evaluated. The derivatives with propargyl substituents exhibit excellent insecticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker.