EM Dipeptide Enhances Milk Protein Secretion: Evidence from Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis.

Breast milk provides essential nutrition and immune protection to support infant growth and development. However, insufficient breast milk remains a serious issue, and bioactive peptides represent a potential strategy to promote lactation. In this study, we investigated the impact of a methionine-containing dipeptide, EM, on MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells.

18F-FDG Versus 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI Findings in a Case of Primary Gastric Melanoma.

Primary gastric melanoma has an extremely low incidence. In this case, we describe the 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI findings in a 43-year-old patient with primary gastric melanoma. The imaging revealed heterogeneous patterns between 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI, emphasizing the complementary roles of dual-tracer imaging in characterizing tumor characteristics of primary gastric melanoma.

One-Stop 68 Ga-FAPI/ 18 F-FDG Total-Body PET/CT Scan : More Theranostics Information Available.

Purpose: This prospective study aims to assess the feasibility of a one-stop imaging protocol using 68 Ga-FAPI-04/ 18 F-FDG dual-radiotracer with dual-low-activity for tumor imaging.

Patients And Methods: Forty patients underwent one-stop 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET (PET FAPI ) and dual-radiotracer PET (PET DUAL ) using a total-body PET/CT scanner with a 194-cm axial field of view. After a half-dose (0.

Eliminating the second CT scan of dual-tracer total-body PET/CT via deep learning-based image synthesis and registration.

Purpose: This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning framework designed to eliminate the second CT scan of dual-tracer total-body PET/CT imaging.

Methods: We retrospectively included three cohorts of 247 patients who underwent dual-tracer total-body PET/CT imaging on two separate days (time interval:1-11 days). Out of these, 167 underwent [Ga]Ga-DOTATATE/[F]FDG, 50 underwent [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11/[F]FDG, and 30 underwent [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04/[F]FDG.

[F]FDG PET/CT for predicting neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade monotherapy treatment response in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a preliminary study.

Purpose: To investigate the predictive value of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG) PET/CT for evaluating primary tumor (PT) and lymph node (LN) responses after neoadjuvant programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade monotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC).

Methods: In the single-arm phase 1b NATION-1907 trial (NCT04215471), 23 patients with LA-ESCC received two cycles of neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade Adebrelimab followed by surgery. Among these, 18 patients underwent [F]FDG PET/CT scans both before immunotherapy and prior to surgery.

Assessing the causal relationship between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin or insulin-like growth factor-1 levels: A sex-stratified bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study.

Background: The association between frailty and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) levels demonstrates sex differences with inconsistent conclusions. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between frailty and SHBG or IGF-1 levels through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: We conducted two-sample bidirectional sex-stratified MR analyses using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to examine the causal relationship between frailty and IGF-1 or SHBG levels, as measured by frailty index (FI) and frailty phenotype (FP).

Lipid Regulatory Element Interact with on Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in Bovine Adipocyte Differentiation and Lipometabolism.

The gene is a critical factor in animal physiological processes and has been shown to affect insulin resistance and fat accumulation in mammals. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted on its precise functions in lipid metabolism and adipogenic differentiation in beef cattle. This study analyzed the expression of and miR-199a-3p during bovine preadipocyte differentiation.

Polymorphisms of the Gene and Its Association Analysis with Carcass, Meat Quality, Adipogenic Traits, Fatty Acid Composition, and Milk Production Traits in Cattle.

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 () is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids and is considered a candidate gene for improving milk and meat quality traits. Sanger sequencing was employed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of the fifth exon and intron of bovine , revealing four SNPs, g.21272246 A>G, g.

Effects of Adipose Tissue-Specific Knockout of Delta-like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 on Lipid Metabolism in Mice.

Delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (), which inhibits the differentiation of precursor adipocytes, is a recognized marker gene for precursor adipocytes. Lipids play a crucial role in energy storage and metabolism as a vital determinant of beef quality. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the gene in lipid metabolism by constructing adipose tissue-specific knockout mice.

The earliest optimal timing for total-body Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04 PET scans: an evidence-based single-centre study.

Objectives: To investigate the earliest optimal timing for positron emission tomography (PET) scans after Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04 ([Ga]Ga-FAPI-04) injection.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled patients who underwent 60-min dynamic Ga-FAPI-04 total-body PET/CT scans; the images were reconstructed at 10-min intervals (G0-10, G10-20, G20-30, G30-40, G40-50, and G50-60), and the [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 uptake patterns were evaluated. The standardised uptake value (SUV), liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and lesion-to-background ratios (LBRs) for different time windows were calculated to evaluate image quality and lesion detectability.

Methionine Promotes Milk Protein Synthesis via the PI3K-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Breast milk is widely considered to be the most natural, safe, and complete food for infants. However, current breastfeeding rates fall short of the recommendations established by the World Health Organization. Despite this, there are few studies that have focused on the promotion of human lactation through nutrient supplementation.

RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes in the of Wagyu and Chinese Red Steppe Cattle.

Meat quality has a close relationship with fat and connective tissue; therefore, screening and identifying functional genes related to lipid metabolism is essential for the production of high-grade beef. The transcriptomes of the muscle in Wagyu and Chinese Red Steppe cattle, breeds with significant differences in meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition, were analyzed using RNA-seq to screen for candidate genes associated with beef quality traits. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the 388 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in biological processes such as short-chain fatty acid metabolism, regulation of fatty acid transport and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.

Function Identification of Bovine Gene and Its Association With Lipid Metabolism Traits in Beef Cattle.

Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 carries out the first step of mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis II, which is the linkage of malonate and, to a lesser extent, methylmalonate onto CoA. Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) is a central metabolite in mammalian fatty acid biochemistry that is generated and utilized in the cytoplasm. In this research, we verified the relationship between expression of the and the production of triglycerides (TGs) at the cellular level by silencing and over-expressing .

Comprehensive Analysis of miRNAs and Target mRNAs between Immature and Mature Testis Tissue in Chinese Red Steppes Cattle.

This study aims to screen potential regulators and regulate fecundity networks between microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes. The bovine testes of immature and mature Chinese Red Steppes were performed by genome-wide analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs. Compared with testicular tissues of newborns, 6051 upregulated genes and 7104 downregulated genes in adult cattle were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

MiRNA-34c Regulates Bovine Sertoli Cell Proliferation, Gene Expression, and Apoptosis by Targeting the Gene.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in mammalian spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells can provide a stable microenvironment and nutritional factors for germ cells, thus playing a vital role in spermatogenesis. However, few studies elucidate the regulation of bovine testicular Sertoli cells by miRNAs.

Effects of polymorphism of the gene on milk quality traits and its relation to triglyceride metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells of dairy cattle.

Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase () catalyses the initial and rate-regulated first-stage pathway of glycerol lipid synthesis and helps to allocate acyl-CoA (acyl-coenzyme A) to triglyceride (TG) synthesis and away from degradation pathways in animal lipometabolism-related pathways. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) and gene overexpression were used to examine the correlation between the expression of and adipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). Additionally, three novel polymorphisms were identified within the bovine key functional domain of with Sanger sequencing.

Comparative Genome-Wide Alternative Splicing Analysis of Longissimus Dorsi Muscles Between Japanese Black (Wagyu) and Chinese Red Steppes Cattle.

Alternative splicing is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in gene expression that allows a single gene generating multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Significant differences in fat deposition ability and meat quality traits have been reported between Japanese black cattle (Wagyu) and Chinese Red Steppes, which presented a unique model for analyzing the effects of transcriptional level on marbling fat in livestock. In previous studies, the differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in () samples between Wagyu and other breeds of beef cattle have been reported.

Integrative analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs revealed regulation of lipid metabolism in dairy cattle.

Lipid metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells has been the primary focus of the research of milk fat percentage of dairy cattle. Functional microRNAs can affect lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of candidate genes. The purpose of the study was to screen and identify differentially expressed miRNAs, candidate genes, and co-regulatory pathways related to the metabolism of milk fat.

The effect of CPT1B gene on lipid metabolism and its polymorphism analysis in Chinese Simmental cattle.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) is a candidate gene that regulates livestock animal lipid metabolism and encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation. To explore the effect of this gene on lipid metabolism in cattle, this study examined CPT1B gene polymorphism in Chinese Simmental cattle and the effect of CPT1B on lipid metabolism. The results showed that the triglyceride content increased significantly with increasing CPT1B gene expression in bovine fetal fibroblasts (BFFs) ( < 0.

miR-2382-5p Regulates Lipid Metabolism by Targeting in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cattle.

microRNA is a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 22-24 nucleotides in length, which regulate a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism and triglyceride synthesis at transcriptional and translational levels by degrading target mRNAs or interfering with the protein production. In this study, the effect of miR-2382-5p on triglyceride levels was examined in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), and the results showed that miR-2382-5p could decrease the content of triglyceride. Furthermore, miR-2382-5p regulated the expression of , , , and , which are known to increase triglyceride decomposition in lipid metabolism.

Analysis of the Bovine DLK1 Gene Polymorphism and Its Relation to Lipid Metabolism in Chinese Simmental.

In this study, we precisely constructed and transfected the overexpression and interference vectors in BFFs to evaluate the role of gene on lipid metabolism in vitro. The expression of of DLK1 in the mRNA and protein level tended to reduce, and TGs were significantly increased in the pGPU6-shDLK1 group compared to the control group ( < 0.05).

Isolation and Identification of Bovine Preadipocytes and Screening of MicroRNAs Associated with Adipogenesis.

The elucidation of the mechanisms of preadipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation in adipocytes is a major work in beef cattle breeding. As important post-transcriptional regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) take part in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and fat metabolism through binding seed sites of targeting mRNAs. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bovine preadipocytes and screen miRNAs associated with adipogenesis.

New function of the CD44 gene: Lipid metabolism regulation in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

The CD44 gene encodes a cell-surface glycoprotein that participates in a variety of biological processes such as cell interactions, adhesion, hematopoiesis, and tumor metastasis. We compared the transcriptome in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows producing milk of high and low fat contents. Our results suggest that CD44 might be a candidate gene affecting milk fat synthesis.