Catalytic Atroposelective Coumarin Alkenylation.

A novel atroposelective alkenylation of coumarins, accomplished through palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling facilitated by a transient directing group strategy, has been presented. The optimized protocol exhibits a broad scope, as demonstrated by a diverse series of examples, highlighting its versatility and efficiency in the synthesis of atropisomeric coumarin analogues. Successful scale-up synthesis further illustrates the practical application of this method.

EDM-based analysis of Fe-based shape memory alloys using Cu-W electrodes with multiple output optimization and microstructural validation.

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are pivotal in diverse industrial applications due to their exceptional properties, including actuation, biocompatibility, and adaptability in aerospace, biomedical, and military domains. However, their complex machinability often leads to high costs and suboptimal surface quality when processed using traditional methods. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), this study evaluated the effects of input parameters, including pulse on time (T), pulse off time (T), peak current (Ip), and gap voltage (GV), on material wear responses during Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM).

Challenges to Wheat Disease Resistance and Current Global Strategies.

Wheat yields have continued to increase globally at a steady pace over the past decade despite challenges faced by breeding programs from evolving and migrating races of rust and other wheat disease-inducing fungi. Additionally, pathogens are becoming tolerant to fungicides because of their injudicious use. We highlight the challenges in breeding and deploying resistant varieties and discuss global strategies to protect wheat from diseases.

Genetic Dissection of Triple Rust Resistance (Leaf, Yellow, and Stem Rust) in Kenyan Wheat Cultivar, "Kasuku".

Climate change is driving the spread of transboundary wheat diseases, necessitating the development of resilient wheat varieties for sustainable agriculture. Wheat rusts, including leaf rust (LR), yellow rust (YR), and stem rust (SR), remain among the most economically significant diseases, causing substantial yield losses worldwide. Enhancing genetic diversity by identifying and deploying rust resistance genes is crucial for durable resistance in wheat breeding programs.

Unlocking Thermodynamic Enolate for Kinetically Controlled Desymmetrizing Vinylogous (4+1) Carbospiroannulation.

An unprecedented thermodynamically unfavorable (4+1) deysmmetrizing spiroannulation through a thermodynamic enolate intermediate, enabling a single-step synthesis of ubiquitous scaffolds such as all-carbon chiral spirocycles, is disclosed. In this spiroannulation, we present a vinylogous organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing (4+1) cycloaddition approach involving alkylidene malononitrile and cyclopent-1,3-dienone. This carbospiroannulation method produces functionally enriched spiro[4,4]nonane structures with three stereocenters, has presented good-to-high yields and enantiomeric ratios.

A new potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha partial agonist displays anti-steatotic effects In vitro and behaves as a safe hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agent in a diabetic mouse model.

A rational drug design approach led to the synthesis of three pairs of enantiomers derived from the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonist AL29-26, identifying (S)-2 as a potent and selective PPARα partial agonist. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the binding modes of (S)-2 within the ligand-binding domains of PPARα and PPARγ. In vitro, (S)-2 demonstrated significant anti-steatotic effects, upregulating key PPARα target genes involved in lipid metabolism.

Investigation of Dearomatizing Spirocyclizations and Spirocycle Functionalization En Route to Spirocalcaridines A and B-Some Trials and Tribulations.

Spirocalcaridines A and B are among the most challenging members of the marine invertebrate-derived alkaloids. Approaches to the construction and elaboration of the highly compact spirocyclic core are described. The synthesis of tricyclic guanidine via tandem oxidative amination dearomatizing spirocyclization (TOADS) using hypervalent iodine set the stage for total synthesis via the migration of the C4/C8 double bond to the C4/C5 position, followed by oxidation.

Atomic-Scale Mapping of Superconductivity in the Incoherent CDW Mosaic Phase of a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide.

The emergence of superconductivity in the octahedrally coordinated (1T) phase of TaS is preceded by the loss of long-range order in the charge density wave (CDW). Such decoherence triggers the formation of nm-sized coherent CDW domains bound by a domain wall network, known as the mosaic phase, and proposed as the spatial origin of superconductivity. Here, we report the atomic-scale characterization of superconductivity in 1T-TaSSe, a model 1T compound exhibiting the CDW mosaic phase, using high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy and Andreev spectroscopy.

Clinical and Radiological Criteria for Surgery in Posttraumatic Extradural Hematoma: An Update from Central India.

 The surgical management guidelines for any intracranial hemorrhage were objectively defined by the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) in 2006 for patients who should be treated surgically or conservatively. Since then, not much work has been done toward the identification of patients who are at high risk and may have progression of the hematoma who may ultimately require surgery. This study aimed to apply the said criteria to all patients coming to the hospital with extradural hematoma (EDH) and analyze the outcome of the patient whether treated conservatively or surgically on the basis of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and to observe the factors and variables that are associated with EDH that will help in furthering the demographic design of the entity in central India.

A radical approach towards polarity-reversed -substitution of electron-deficient arenes.

We have developed a protocol for polarity-reversed -substitution of electron-deficient arenes. In order to achieve desired reactivity and selectivity for a broad range of substrates, the dual pronged strategy is essential. Furthermore, this approach has also shown promise in perfluoroalkylation of arenes.

Photoinduced stereoselective reactions using pyridinium salts as radical precursors.

Pyridinium salts are amine surrogates that are abundant in nature and the redox active nature of the pyridinium salts allows them to serve as precursors for generating radical species under mild conditions that can be initiated by light, heat or metal catalysis. The stereoselective formation of products has always been a topic of interest for synthetic chemists worldwide. In this context, pyridinium salts can readily undergo single electron reduction to form a neutral radical, and the N-X bond's subsequent fragmentation furnishes the X radical without any harsh reaction conditions.

Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking Superconductivity in HfRhGe: A Noncentrosymmetric Weyl Semimetal.

Weyl semimetals are a novel class of topological materials with unique electronic structures and distinct properties. HfRhGe stands out as a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal with unconventional superconducting characteristics. Using muon-spin rotation and relaxation (µSR) spectroscopy and thermodynamic measurements, a fully gapped superconducting state is identified in HfRhGe that breaks time-reversal symmetry at the superconducting transition.

Divulging the potency of naturally derived photosensitizers in green PDT: an inclusive review Of mechanisms, advantages, and future prospects.

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) offers a minimally invasive approach for treating various health conditions, employing a photosensitizer (PS) and specific light. Recent enhancements make PDT outpatient-friendly and less discomforting. Effectiveness hinges on selecting the appropriate PS.

Novel Presentation of Type 1 Wolfram Syndrome as Intracranial Hemorrhage and Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis: Neuroimaging and Angiographic Findings.

Wolfram syndrome (WS), a rare genetic neurodegenerative condition, is primarily characterized by diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and sensorineural hearing loss, along with diverse systemic manifestations. Late-stage cases exhibit widespread brain atrophy. While bleeding tendencies are not commonly observed in Type 2 WS (WS2), there is a distinctive bleeding tendency that is exclusive to WS2, with no documented occurrences in Type 1 WS (WS1).

Association of Adipokines and CIMT in Metabolic Syndrome in Western Uttar Pradesh Population: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: A cluster of metabolic indicators responsible to elevate the risk of high blood sugar, heart diseases along with stroke is called metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adipokines play critical roles in the formation and progression of these clusters of diseases. Adiponectin enhances fatty acid oxidation, prevents foam cell formation and improves lipid metabolism.

Polysomnographic Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in Essential Tremor and Essential Tremor Plus: A Comparison With Healthy Controls.

Objective: To explore sleep patterns in individuals with essential tremor (ET) and essential tremor plus (ET-Plus) compared with healthy controls and assess differences between ET and ET-Plus, given the lack of established polysomnography (PSG) data on these groups and the potential for sleep disturbances to serve as clinical markers.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study at National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, from November 2021 to August 2023 on 45 patients (26 ET, 19 ET-Plus) and 45 controls. Tremor severity was assessed using The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) and Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Clinical Rating Scale (FTMRS).

Integration of Metrology in Grinding and Polishing Processes for Rotationally Symmetrical Aspherical Surfaces with Optimized Material Removal Functions.

Aspherical surfaces, with their varying curvature, minimize aberrations and enhance clarity, making them essential in optics, aerospace, medical devices, and telecommunications. However, manufacturing these surfaces is challenging because of systematic errors in CNC equipment, tool wear, measurement inaccuracies, and environmental disturbances. These issues necessitate precise error compensation to achieve the desired surface shape.

Deciphering Asymmetric Brønsted Base-Aminocatalytic Mode in Pudovik/[1,2]-Phospha-Brook Rearrangement/Michael Cascade Reaction.

An approach involving the use of a bifunctional aminocatalyst containing Brønsted base and iminium activation sites for asymmetric multicomponent reactions involving [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement has yet to be realized. Herein, we present an aminocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of α-phosphonyloxy enolates formed [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement to α,β-unsaturated ketones. The methodology unfolds a simple one-pot operation consisting of a robust additive-free catalytic system providing a series of oxindole derivatives having two contiguous stereocenters in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities.

Polar-Effect-Directed Control in Site-Selectivity of Radical Substitution Enables C-H Perfluoroalkylation of Coumarins.

A novel Ru-catalyzed protocol for C-7 selective C-H trifluoromethylation of coumarins in the presence of light is presented. This reaction undergoes a radical type nucleophilic substitution instead of a radical type electrophilic substitution owing to the benzocore activation as a result of lowering the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO).

Development and application of the GenoBaits WheatSNP16K array to accelerate wheat genetic research and breeding.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are widely used as molecular markers for constructing genetic linkage maps in wheat. Compared with available SNP-based genotyping platforms, a genotyping by target sequencing (GBTS) system with capture-in-solution (liquid chip) technology has become the favored genotyping technology because it is less demanding and more cost effective, flexible, and user-friendly. In this study, a new GenoBaits WheatSNP16K (GBW16K) GBTS array was designed using datasets generated by the wheat 660K SNP array and resequencing platforms in our previous studies.

Genetic dissection of value-added quality traits and agronomic parameters through genome-wide association mapping in bread wheat ( L.).

Bread wheat ( is one of the world's most widely consumed cereals. Since micronutrient deficiencies are becoming more common among people who primarily depend upon cereal-based diets, a need for better-quality wheat varieties has been felt. An association panel of 154 lines was evaluated for the following quality traits: grain appearance (GA) score, grain hardness (GH), phenol reaction (PR) score, protein percent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation value, and test weight (TWt).