M6A RNA modification: focusing on non-small cell lung cancer progression, therapeutic strategies and challenges.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a pivotal mechanism in RNA epigenetics, with profound implications for lung cancer (LC) biology. This review synthesizes current knowledge on m6A's multifaceted regulatory networks in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), elucidating its roles in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We further explore how m6A governs metabolic reprogramming-including glycolysis and ferroptosis-angiogenesis, and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling.

Enhanced photoelectrochemical sensing of Pb based on Cu/Mn:ZnInSe ternary quantum dots coupled with G-quadruplex DNAzyme.

Novel Cu/Mn:ZnInSe ternary quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized from low-cost inorganic salts and natural biomolecules combined with titanium dioxide (TiO) for the first time using a one step hydrothermal method to prepare a TiO/Cu/Mn:ZnInSe QD photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing interface for lead ion detection. In contrast to the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the FTO/TiO and FTO/TiO/ZnInSe electrodes, that of the FTO/TiO/Cu/Mn:ZnInSe electrode was evidently improved. The structure, morphology and conductivity of the FTO/TiO/Cu/Mn:ZnInSe electrode were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the electrochemical method.

One step in-situ synthesis of Cu/Mn: ZnInSe quantum dots with enhanced luminescence and environmental stability.

A novel Cu/Mn: ZnInSe ternary quantum dots (QDs) was synthesized by one step in-situ hydrothermal method from low-cost inorganic salts and natural biomolecules. Based on the controlled L-cysteine capped ZnInSe QDs structure, Cu/Mn: ZnInSe QDs were synthesized by Cu and Mn co-doping. The effects of experimental variables such as ZnInSe QDs synthesis conditions and Cu/Mn doping ratio were systematically studied.

The role of the Gas6/TAM signal pathway in the LPS-induced pulmonary epithelial cells injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory respiratory disease. The interaction between growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) and tyrosine kinases of the Tyro3, Axl, Mer (TAM) family plays an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation. In this study, we mainly clarified the mechanism of the Gas6/TAM signal pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) injury.

Transcellular Transport Behavior of the Intact Polymeric Mixed Micelles with Different Polymeric Ratios.

In order to better promote the application of the polymeric mixed micelles (PMMs) in oral delivery, in addition to focusing on the improvement of micellar structural stability, it is necessary to obtain the absorption characteristics of the intact micellar particles. In this work, the transport behavior across Caco-2 cells of FS/PMMs composed of Pluronic F127 and Solutol HS15 was tracked by encapsulating an environment-responsive probe into the particles. The specific property of the probe is the water-initiated aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) ability, by which integral particles can be identified accurately.

Combining Fluorescent Cell Sorting and Single B Cell Amplification to Screen the Monoclonal Antibody Gene against Human Glypican-1 in Pancreatic Cancer.

In this report, one novel method has been developed to screen the monoclonal antibody against human pancreatic cancer biomarker glypican-1 (GPC1) through the combination of fluorescent cell sorting and single B cell amplification. GPC1-positive B cells were sorted out from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by fluorescent cell sorting after the GPC1 immunization to the New Zealand white rabbit. Then, total RNA was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA, which was used as the template, and the variable region sequences of both heavy and light chains were amplified from the same B cell.

Understanding the Synergistic Correlation between the Spatial Distribution of Drug-Loaded Mixed Micellar Systems and Behavior Experimental and Computational Approaches.

To better promote the application of polymeric mixed micelles (PMMs), a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (CGMD) has been employed to investigate the factors controlling the spatial distribution within the PMMs and predict their drug-loading properties, meanwhile, combined with experimental methods to validate and examine it. In this study, the snapshots obtained from CGMD and the results of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide new insights into the distribution principle that the spatial distribution depends on the hydrophobic compatibility of drugs with the regions within PMMs. Docetaxel (DTX) is located within the interior or near the core-corona interface of the HS15 hydrophobic core inside FS/PMMs (PMMs fabricated from a nonionic triblock copolymer (F127)) and a nonionic surfactant (HS15), and therefore, the system with a high HS15 ratio, such as system I, is more suitable for loading DTX.

Biosafety risk assessment of nanoparticles: Evidence from food case studies.

Nanotechnology provides a wide range of benefits in the food industry in improving food tastes, textures, sensations, quality, shelf life, and food safety. Recently, potential adverse effects such as toxicity and safety concerns have been associated with the increasing use of engineered nanoparticles in food industry. Additionally, very limited information is known concerning the behavior, properties and effects of food nano-materials in the gastrointestinal tract.

Analysis of Normal High-Frequency Intracranial Pressure Values and Treatment Threshold in Neurocritical Care Patients: Insights into Normal Values and a Potential Treatment Threshold.

Importance: Intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation is a compartment syndrome that impairs blood flow to the brain. Despite the importance of ICP values in neurocritical care, normal ICP values and the precise ICP threshold at which treatment should be initiated remain uncertain.

Objective: To refine our understanding of normal ICP values and determine the ICP threshold most strongly associated with outcome.

Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamic and Experimental Studies on Self-Assembly Behavior of Nonionic F127/HS15 Mixed Micellar Systems.

The self-assembly of a nonionic triblock copolymer (F127) and a nonionic surfactant (HS15) has been investigated due to favorable changes in properties in their mixtures. The effect of the mixing ratio on the self-assembly process and on the structural stability of the mixtures was studied by coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation (CGMD) and experimental measurements (transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering measurement, drug loading stability analysis, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurement). The CGMD provided the information on self-assembly behavior.

Two jets during the impact of viscous droplets onto a less-viscous liquid pool.

It is generally accepted that a Worthington jet occurs when a droplet impacts onto a liquid pool. However, in this experimental study of the impact of viscous droplets onto a less-viscous liquid pool, we identify another jet besides the Worthington jet, forming a two-jet phenomenon. The two jets, a surface-climbing jet and the Worthington jet, may appear successively during one impact event.

Preparation of Nano-Silver-Containing Polyethylene Composite Film and Ag Ion Migration into Food-Simulants.

Nano-composite films were developed between silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using master batches by melt extruding and melt compounding. The Ag/PE composite film showed decreased gas permeability, moisture permeability coefficient, the tear strength, the longitudinal and transverse elongation to that of commercial LDPE. Although stiffness increased at high Ag (40 ppm) concentration, but the longitudinal and transverse tensile strength enhance comparing with commercial PE.

Analysis of high-frequency PbtO2 measures in traumatic brain injury: insights into the treatment threshold.

Objective: Brain tissue hypoxia is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Technology now exists that can detect brain hypoxia and guide corrective therapy. Current guidelines for the management of severe TBI recommend maintaining partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) > 15-20 mm Hg; however, uncertainty persists as to the optimal treatment threshold.

Robust QRS peak detection by multimodal information fusion of ECG and blood pressure signals.

QRS peak detection is a challenging problem when ECG signal is corrupted. However, additional physiological signals may also provide information about the QRS position. In this study, we focus on a unique benchmark provided by PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2014 and Physiological Measurement focus issue: robust detection of heart beats in multimodal data, which aimed to explore robust methods for QRS detection in multimodal physiological signals.

Is the Sequence of SuperAlarm Triggers More Predictive Than Sequence of the Currently Utilized Patient Monitor Alarms?

Objective: Our previous studies have shown that "code blue" events can be predicted by SuperAlarm patterns that are multivariate combinations of monitor alarms and laboratory test results cooccurring frequently preceding the events but rarely among control patients. Deploying these patterns to the monitor data streams can generate SuperAlarm sequences. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that SuperAlarm sequences may contain more predictive sequential patterns than monitor alarms sequences.

Respiratory rate monitoring from the photoplethysmogram via sparse signal reconstruction.

This study aims to develop an accurate framework for respiratory rate (RR) monitoring from the photoplethysmogram (PPG). Sparse signal reconstruction (SSR) is used to obtain a sparse representation of the PPG signal in the spectral domain. Based on the assumption that the RR from two highly overlapped consecutive windows does not change much, RR tracking (RRT) then selects the most appropriate frequency component based on the previous RR.

Improving the accuracy of Laplacian estimation with novel multipolar concentric ring electrodes.

Conventional electroencephalography with disc electrodes has major drawbacks including poor spatial resolution, selectivity and low signal-to-noise ratio that are critically limiting its use. Concentric ring electrodes, consisting of several elements including the central disc and a number of concentric rings, are a promising alternative with potential to improve all of the aforementioned aspects significantly. In our previous work, the tripolar concentric ring electrode was successfully used in a wide range of applications demonstrating its superiority to conventional disc electrode, in particular, in accuracy of Laplacian estimation.

Developing new predictive alarms based on ECG metrics for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

We investigated 17 metrics derived from four leads of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals from hospital patient monitors to develop new ECG alarms for predicting adult bradyasystolic cardiac arrest events.A retrospective case-control study was designed to analyze 17 ECG metrics from 27 adult bradyasystolic and 304 control patients. The 17 metrics consisted of PR interval (PR), P-wave duration (Pdur), QRS duration (QRSdur), RR interval (RR), QT interval (QT), estimate of serum K  +  using only frontal leads (SerumK2), T-wave complexity (T Complex), ST segment levels for leads I, II, V (ST I, ST II, ST V), and 7 heart rate variability (HRV) metrics.

On the Design and Implementation of a Highly Accurate Pulse Predictor for Exercise Equipment.

Goal: This study aims to develop highly accurate heart rate monitoring from the hand-held contact signal within a noisy environment during exercise.

Methods: The periodic pattern and uncertainties of a physiological signal are modeled by a Laplacian random process. Based on this statistical model, a highly accurate pulse predictor (HAPPEE) is derived and implemented in real-time on a Cypress PSoC 5LP development board.

A parametric classification rule based on the exponentially embedded family.

In this paper, we extend the exponentially embedded family (EEF), a new approach to model order estimation and probability density function construction originally proposed by Kay in 2005, to multivariate pattern recognition. Specifically, a parametric classifier rule based on the EEF is developed, in which we construct a distribution for each class based on a reference distribution. The proposed method can address different types of classification problems in either a data-driven manner or a model-driven manner.

Insights into the problem of alarm fatigue with physiologic monitor devices: a comprehensive observational study of consecutive intensive care unit patients.

Purpose: Physiologic monitors are plagued with alarms that create a cacophony of sounds and visual alerts causing "alarm fatigue" which creates an unsafe patient environment because a life-threatening event may be missed in this milieu of sensory overload. Using a state-of-the-art technology acquisition infrastructure, all monitor data including 7 ECG leads, all pressure, SpO(2), and respiration waveforms as well as user settings and alarms were stored on 461 adults treated in intensive care units. Using a well-defined alarm annotation protocol, nurse scientists with 95% inter-rater reliability annotated 12,671 arrhythmia alarms.

Toward improving the Laplacian estimation with novel multipolar concentric ring electrodes.

Conventional electroencephalography with disc electrodes has major drawbacks including poor spatial resolution, selectivity and low signal-to-noise ratio that are critically limiting its use. Concentric ring electrodes are a promising alternative with potential to improve all of the aforementioned aspects significantly. In our previous work, the tripolar concentric ring electrode was successfully used in a wide range of applications demonstrating its superiority to conventional disc electrode, in particular, in accuracy of Laplacian estimation.

Multiple sensor integration for seizure onset detection in human patients comparing conventional disc versus novel tripolar concentric ring electrodes.

As epilepsy affects approximately one percent of the world population, electrical stimulation of the brain has recently shown potential for additive seizure control therapy. Closed-loop systems that apply electrical stimulation when seizure onset is automatically detected require high accuracy of automatic seizure detection based on electrographic brain activity. To improve this accuracy we propose to use noninvasive tripolar concentric ring electrodes that have been shown to have significantly better signal-to-noise ratio, spatial selectivity, and mutual information compared to conventional disc electrodes.

Temporal phenome analysis of a large electronic health record cohort enables identification of hospital-acquired complications.

Objective: To develop methods for visual analysis of temporal phenotype data available through electronic health records (EHR).

Materials And Methods: 24 580 adults from the multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care V.6 (MIMIC II) EHR database of critically ill patients were analyzed, with significant temporal associations visualized as a map of associations between hospital length of stay (LOS) and ICD-9-CM codes.

Sensor integration of multiple tripolar concentric ring electrodes improves pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure onset detection in rats.

As epilepsy affects approximately one percent of the world population, electrical stimulation of the brain has recently shown potential for additive seizure control therapy. Previously, we applied noninvasive transcranial focal stimulation via tripolar concentric ring electrodes on the scalp of rats after inducing seizures with pentylenetetrazole. We developed a system to detect seizures and automatically trigger the stimulation and evaluated the system on the electrographic activity from rats.