Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Adolescent Girls at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bihar: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are significant public health concerns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Adolescents, especially girls, are at a heightened risk due to increased iron requirements during growth and menstruation. Objective This study aimed to estimate the hospital prevalence of ID and IDA among adolescent girls attending the Outpatient Department (OPD) at a tertiary care centre in Bihar, India.

Comparative Analysis of Radial Forearm Free Flap and Submental Island Flap in Reconstruction of Post-glossectomy Defects of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Quality of Life Assessment.

Aim: Reconstruction of tongue defects has always been a challenging aspect of onco-surgery. Although a variety of locoregional and free flaps have been advocated, it still poses a challenge due to its complex function in deglutition and speech articulation. Hence, this study aims at reducing the dilemma of flap selection for better patient outcome.

Quality of Life Assessment and Comparative Analysis of Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Pectoralis Major Myo-cutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Post Excision Defects of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Present study is a comparative evaluation of the financial impact on choice of flap, clinical results as well as post resection quality of life assessment of cancer patients reconstructed with anterolateral thigh(ALT) flap and pectoralis major myo-cutaneous(PMMC) flap. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee. In this non-randomised, prospective study design among 49 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases, 39 cases were reconstructed using PMMC flap and 10 using ALT flap from year 2020 to 2022.

Integrated use of contrast-enhanced and grey-scale ultrasound in assigning American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System scores for characterisation of thyroid nodules: A prospective observational study.

Background: The advent and increased use of high-resolution ultrasonography has resulted in improved detection of thyroid nodules. Even with the use of various Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System, accurate imaging diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules has been suboptimal, which necessitated use of newer modalities like contrast-enhanced ultrasonography alone and in combination for this purpose. Although the combined use of various Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography has turned out to be accurate in many studies, the ideal way to integrate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography into the Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System algorithm is under-investigated.

Study of Correlation between Serum Vitamin B12 Level and Aberrant DNA Methylation in Infertile Males.

Introduction: Altered DNA methylation pattern in sperms has been associated with infertility in males demonstrating defective spermatogenesis or low semen quality. Vitamin B-12, by affecting 1-carbon metabolism pathways, might alter the DNA methylation pattern. We aimed to study the correlation of serum vitamin B12 levels with aberrant DNA methylation in infertile male patients.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia complicated by gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty.

Precocious puberty, characterised by the early appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, poses challenges in diagnosis and management. Here, we describe a case of precocious puberty diagnosed in a boy in middle childhood, who presented with progressive phallus enlargement, pubic hair development and increased aggressive behaviour. Hormonal evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), complicated by gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty.

Heterogeneity in Disulfide Bond Reduction in IgG1 Antibodies Is Governed by Solvent Accessibility of the Cysteines.

We studied unpaired cysteine levels and disulfide bond susceptibility in four different γ-immunoglobulin antibodies using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our choice of differential alkylating agents ensures that the differential peaks are non-overlapping, thus allowing us to accurately quantify free cysteine levels. For each cysteine residue, we observed no more than 5% to be unpaired, and the free cysteine levels across antibodies were slightly higher in those containing lambda light chains.

Patterns and outcomes of late onset thyroid disturbances after COVID-19 vaccination: A report of 75 cases.

Isolated cases of subacute thyroiditis exist in the early period of COVID-19 vaccination, largely after mRNA vaccines. Here we report late onset thyroid disturbances and persistent health issues in patients of thyroid disorders after COVID-19 vaccination. Seventy-five patients with post COVID-19 vaccination thyroid disturbances were identified.

The Prevalence of Anemia in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) and the Relationship Between the Severity of Anemia and the Severity of DFU.

Background And Aims: We aim to determine the prevalence of anemia in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and estimate the relationship between the severity of anemia and diabetic foot ulcer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected and evaluated the data of 323 patients hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). We included 299 type 2 diabetic patients with foot ulcers of neuropathic or neuroischemic nature with infection.

IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies sample initial structure dependent local conformational states and exhibit non-identical Fab dynamics.

We have investigated the dynamics of two [Formula: see text]-immunoglobulin molecules, IgG1 and IgG4, using long all atom molecular dynamics simulations. We first show that the de novo structures of IgG1 and IgG4 predicted using AlphaFold, with no interactions between the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and the antigen fragment binding domain (Fab), eventually relaxes to a state with persistent Fc-Fab interactions that mirrors experimentally resolved structures. We quantified the conformational space sampled by antibody trajectories spawned from six different initial structures and show that the individual trajectories only sample states bound by a local minimum and display very little mixing in their conformational states.

Histological Spectrum of Clinical Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with special Reference to nonalbuminuric Diabetic Nephropathy: A Kidney Biopsy-based Study.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important and catastrophic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Kidney disease has heterogeneity in histology in diabetes patients and includes both diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (albuminuric or nonalbuminuric) and nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD) either in isolation or in coexistence with DN. Diabetic nephropathy is hard to overturn.

COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis: A clinico-epidemiological study.

Background: There was an unprecedented increase in COVID-19-associated-Mucormycosis (CAM) cases during the second pandemic wave in India.

Methods: This observational study was done to know the epidemiological profile of CAM cases andincluded all patients admitted with mucormycosis between May 2021 and July 2021.

Results: Out of the enrolled 208 CAM cases (either SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR or serology positive), 204, three and one had rhino-orbital-cerebral, pulmonary and gastrointestinal mucormycosis, respectively.

Association of Variant rs7903146(c/t) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene with Newly Detected Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy.

Background: Transcription factor 7-like 2 () gene has a significant role in hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) risk. The current study was planned with the aim to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7903146 in patients of newly detected HIP among Indian population of northern region.

Methods: This study was an observational case control study done among newly detected HIP (The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 2013) and healthy pregnant females without diabetes.

Non-covalent Fc-Fab interactions significantly alter internal dynamics of an IgG1 antibody.

The fragment-antigen-binding arms (Fab1 and Fab2) in a canonical immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule have identical sequences and hence are always expected to exhibit symmetric conformations and dynamics. Using long all atom molecular simulations of a human IgG1 crystal structure 1HZH, we demonstrate that the translational and rotational dynamics of Fab1 and Fab2 also strongly depend on their interactions with each other and with the fragment-crystallizable (Fc) region. We show that the Fab2 arm in the 1HZH structure is non-covalently bound to the Fc region via long-lived hydrogen bonds, involving its light chain and both heavy chains of the Fc region.

Clinical Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) via Anthropometric and Biochemical Variations in .

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated multifactorial illness involving hereditary and external environmental variables. The symptoms typically appear gradually over a number of years without realizing it. This viewpoint is further supported by the Ayurvedic constitution concept ().

Revisiting Rhombic Flaps for Aesthetic Facial Resurfacing: Addressing a Surgical Conundrum.

Background: Facial resurfacing is a surgical and aesthetic challenge, as it requires soft, pliable, and stretchable donor skin with a good match of color, texture, and thickness and minimum donor scarring. Rhombic flap is a highly versatile flap that has the aforementioned properties. Careful flap planning and execution is vital for successful outcomes.

Radiological Evaluation of Postsurgical Course of Perforators in Retrograde Posterior Tibial Fasciocutaneous Flaps for Distal Leg and Foot Defects.

Mapping of vascular perforators by various methodologies have been described for planning of a variety of flaps in the lower limbs. We attempted to assess the changes in posterior tibial perforators after transfer of fasciocutaneous flaps for leg defects. 20 patients with distal leg and foot defects were studied by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and preoperative audio Doppler to ascertain perforators of posterior tibial artery.

Early detection of cutaneous complications of insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Subcutaneous insulin therapy is associated with important injection site complications, which can influence insulin pharmacokinetics resulting in glycemic fluctuations above and below target levels for blood glucose.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous complications including insulin derived amyloidosis in insulin-injecting diabetes patients and to study the role of ultrasonography (in comparison to gel-assisted palpation) in early diagnosis of lipohypertrophy (LH).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in India, wherein 500 patients injecting insulin for ≥2 years were randomly enrolled and evaluated for the presence of cutaneous complications of insulin therapy through clinical examination, ultrasonography and punch biopsy of skin.

Tryptophan Oxidation of a Monoclonal Antibody Under Diverse Oxidative Stress Conditions: Distinct Oxidative Pathways Favor Specific Tryptophan Residues.

Tryptophan oxidation can play an important role in selecting therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for commercialization. Monoclonal antibodies that harbor particularly sensitive tryptophan residues are typically discarded in favor of oxidation resistant antibodies. The susceptibility of any individual tryptophan residue to oxidation is typically evaluated through forced degradation studies during the molecule development process.

Evaluating the effect of strengthening nurse midwifery pre-service education in two Indian states: A single group pre - and post - intervention study.

Background: The high focus states of India have higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates as compared to the national average. The quality of pre-service education (PSE) in nursing midwifery institutions in these states was found to be suboptimal. In 2013, Government of India implemented the PSE strengthening program across all public sector nursing midwifery institutions.

Predictors of the diets consumed by adolescent girls, pregnant women and mothers with children under age two years in rural eastern India.

Adolescents, pregnant women and mothers of children under 2 years of age are in stages of life characterized by higher nutritional demands. The study measured the dietary diversity of 17,680 adolescent girls, pregnant women and mothers of children under age 2 years in the eastern Indian states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha using data from the Swabhimaan baseline survey conducted in 2016. The association of women's mean Dietary Diversity Scores with socioeconomic, health and nutrition service indicators was assessed.

Engineered IL-21 Cytokine Muteins Fused to Anti-PD-1 Antibodies Can Improve CD8+ T Cell Function and Anti-tumor Immunity.

Inhibitors that block the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) pathway can potentiate endogenous antitumor immunity and have markedly improved cancer survival rates across a broad range of indications. However, these treatments work for only a minority of patients. The efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors may be extended by cytokines, however, the incorporation of cytokines into therapeutic regimens has significant challenges.