Adaptation and pilot implementation of a hereditary cancer risk-assessment tool for primary care.

Background: Family history-based risk assessment for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer is guideline-recommended but clinical implementation remains limited. This is likely, in part, because it adds to the limited time primary care providers (PCPs) have to implement all guideline-recommended care.

Methods: We adapted Family History Screening 7 (or FHS7), designed for administration by a PCP, for self-report by primary care patients.

Evaluating Theory-Driven Messaging to Overcome the Barriers to Meditation: Large-Scale Digital Field Experiment.

Background: The general public is largely aware of meditation, and there is compelling evidence the practice has health benefits. But many people who are aware of meditation have not tried it, and those who do often struggle to establish a regular practice. The barriers to meditation are generally understood and include a lack of knowledge, a lack of time, and unclear benefits.

A survey of attitudes and clinical behaviour of UK eyecare practitioners towards fitting contact lenses for children and young people.

Purpose: This study explored the attitudes and prescribing behaviours of UK eyecare practitioners (ECPs) toward fitting contact lenses (CLs) for patients under 18, and whether these have been influenced by the growing availability of myopia control options.

Methods: An online survey was conducted in 2023 with UK-based optometrists and contact lens opticians (CLOs). It examined minimum fitting ages for different CL types, key decision-making factors when prescribing for paediatrics, and changes in practitioners' willingness to fit CLs for children.

Leadership tasks in public health: findings from the National Board of Public Health Examiners' job task analysis.

Introduction: Public health leadership plays a crucial role in shaping effective health policies and practices. The National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE) conducts a job task analysis (JTA) survey every 5-7 years to update the Certified in Public Health (CPH) examination. The objective of this study is to examine the JTA findings on leadership tasks in public health practice.

Incident Diabetes Diagnosis Among the Uninsured During COVID-19 Hospitalization.

Introduction: Undiagnosed diabetes is associated with lack of insurance, which decreases access to preventive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, uninsured patients previously unknown to health systems were hospitalized.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of electronic health record data from patients with diabetes hospitalized with COVID-19 in a safety-net health system from June 2020 to December 2021, examining the association between payor status and incident diagnosis of diabetes.

Factors influencing the selection of an SGLT2i vs. a GLP-1RA as cardioprotective agent in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have demonstrated cardioprotective effects in people with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this patient group, there is treatment equipoise, from the standpoint of cardiovascular effect between these medication classes; however, factors associated with prescribing are poorly characterized.

Methods: We performed a retrospective real-world analysis by creating an electronic health record registry of people with type 2 diabetes and ASCVD (without additional indications for a specific cardioprotective class) who received a prescription for either an SGLT2i or GLP-1RA.

Artificial Intelligence improves follow-up appointment uptake for diabetic retinal assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background/objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) assessment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) instead of scarce trained specialists could potentially increases the efficiency and accessibility of screening programs. This systematic review aims to systematically examine the uptake of follow-up appointments with initial computer-based AI and human graders of DR.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by screening articles in any languages in PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL and CDSR published from database inception up to 20 August 2024.

Cannabidiol dose dependently reduces alcohol intake in mice via a non-5-HT receptor mechanism: Exploration of other potential receptor targets.

Background And Purpose: Binge drinking is a risky pattern of alcohol intake and a major predictor of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Current AUD medications have limited efficacy and poor patient compliance, calling for more effective therapeutics. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating component of cannabis, has emerged as a potential novel therapeutic.

Rotavirus prevalence and genotypes in the Central African Republic, 2011-2021.

Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis is one of major causes of death in infants, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Central African Republic (CAR), sentinel surveillance of rotavirus gastroenteritis was established in 2011. In this study, we assessed the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and identified rotavirus strains circulating in CAR during 2011-2021.

Childcare Barriers and Appointment Nonadherence Among Women in a Safety-Net Health System.

Importance: Health-related social needs (HRSNs) contribute to appointment nonadherence. Childcare needs are an underrecognized HRSN that particularly affect women.

Objective: To determine whether self-reported childcare barriers were associated with appointment nonadherence among women.

Mapping glaucoma higher qualifications within UK optometry.

Purpose: The chronic capacity crisis in secondary care glaucoma services has resulted in calls to expand contributions by primary care optometrists. This study aims to map the current geographic spread of optometrists with post-graduate higher qualifications in glaucoma and independent prescribing (IP) within the UK, providing insight into the potential for expansion of capacity in glaucoma care.

Methods: Data on glaucoma-related and IP higher qualifications accredited by the College of Optometrists, as of April and August 2024, respectively, were analysed.

A bench-to-bedside narrative review of the sleep-social-oxytocin nexus.

Although recognition of the significant reciprocal interplay between sleep and social processes has grown over the past two decades, theoretical frameworks conceptualising this interplay have predominantly focused on psychosocial factors. The current lack of attention to putative neurobiological substrates and physiological mechanisms that may facilitate the dynamics of sleep-social relationships limits interdisciplinary research into sleep and clinical treatment of sleep problems and disorders. Thus, this narrative review hypothesises that the neuropeptide oxytocin represents a promising candidate physiological substrate underpinning sleep-social interplay, and integrates the endogenous oxytocin system into a novel tripartite biopsychosocial framework-the sleep-social-oxytocin nexus.

Improving the diagnostic accuracy of referrals for papilloedema (DIPP) study: protocol for a mixed-methods study.

Introduction: Papilloedema can be the first sign of life-threatening disease, for example, brain tumours. Due to the potential seriousness of this clinical sign, the detection of papilloedema would normally prompt urgent hospital referral for further investigation. The problem is that many benign structural variations of optic nerve anatomy can be mistaken for papilloedema, so-called pseudopapilloedema.

Derivation and Validation of D-RISK: An Electronic Health Record-Driven Risk Score to Detect Undiagnosed Dysglycemia in Clinical Practice.

Objective: We derive and validate D-RISK, an electronic health record (EHR)-driven risk score to optimize and facilitate screening for undiagnosed dysglycemia (prediabetes plus diabetes) in clinical practice.

Research Design And Methods: We used retrospective EHR data (derivation sample) and a prospective diabetes screening study (validation sample) to develop D-RISK. Logistic regression with backward selection was used to predict dysglycemia (HbA1c ≥5.

Functional significance of some common oxytocin receptor SNPs involved in complex human traits.

Background: Oxytocin function is associated with a range of human traits and is often indexed by common polymorphisms of the receptor gene OXTR. Little is known however about the functional significance of these polymorphisms.

Objectives: To examine the effects of common polymorphisms of OXTR on transcription expression in human neural cells.

Providing medically tailored groceries and food resource coaching through the charitable food system to patients of a safety-net clinic in Dallas, Texas: a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Linking patients living with chronic, diet-related diseases and food insecurity to charitable food assistance, medically tailored groceries (MTGs) and food resource coaching may empower patients to better manage their health in a way that is economically sustainable. This protocol paper describes the implementation of a study evaluating MTGs and food resource coaching in a food pantry setting.

Methods And Analysis: A randomised controlled trial whereby patients of a safety-net health centre will be screened for The Emergency Food Assistance Program (TEFAP) and study eligibility.

Emerging medications and pharmacological treatment approaches for substance use disorders.

Medications to treat substance use disorders (SUDs) remain suboptimal or, in the case of stimulants and cannabis, non-existent. Many factors have contributed to this paucity, including the biological complexity of addiction, regulatory challenges, and a historical lack of enthusiasm among pharmaceutical companies to commit resources to this disease space. Despite these headwinds, the recent opioid crisis has highlighted the devastating consequences of SUDs for both individuals and society, stimulating urgent efforts to identify novel treatment approaches.

Risk of Transmission of Vaccine-Strain Rotavirus in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit That Routinely Vaccinates.

Background And Objectives: Many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) do not give rotavirus vaccines to inpatients due to a theoretical risk of horizontal transmission of vaccine strains. We aimed to determine incidence and clinical significance of vaccine-strain transmission to unvaccinated infants in a NICU that routinely administers pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5).

Methods: This prospective cohort study included all patients admitted to a 100-bed NICU for 1 year.

Perceptions of Criticality and Frequency of Tasks by the Public Health Workforce, 2022.

Introduction: Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been significant interest in the public health workforce and its development. Substantial emphasis has been placed on the competencies needed for the development of the workforce. As important as this work on competencies is to a competent public health workforce, the certification of public health professionals and the maintenance of their skills and knowledge is of equal importance.

Deprivation and NHS General Ophthalmic Service sight testing activity in England in 2022-2023.

Purpose: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with an increased incidence of sight-loss. To inform potential developments in eyecare, General Ophthalmic Service (GOS) sight-testing activity was explored in relation to deprivation for GOS contractors submitting National Health Service (NHS) claims in England.

Methods: Data on NHS sight-test claims for the financial year 2022-2023 were sought from NHS England (NHSE), including number of sight-tests by GOS contractors, their unique Organisation Data Service codes and postcodes and age-bands of patients accessing sight-testing.

Sex differences in the social motivation of rats: Insights from social operant conditioning, behavioural economics, and video tracking.

Background: Social behaviour plays a key role in mental health and wellbeing, and developing greater understanding of mechanisms underlying social interaction-particularly social motivation-holds substantial transdiagnostic impact. Common rodent behavioural assays used to assess social behaviour are limited in their assessment of social motivation, whereas the social operant conditioning model can provide unique and valuable insights into social motivation. Further characterisation of common experimental parameters that may influence social motivation within the social operant model, as well as complementary methodological and analytical approaches, are warranted.

A community health worker led diabetes self-management education program: Reducing patient and system burden.

Aims: Conduct a secondary analysis of the TIME (Telehealth-supported, Integrated Community Health Workers (CHWs), Medication access, diabetes Education) made simple trial (SIMPLE) to evaluate healthcare utilization and explore variables that may have influenced HbA1c.

Methods: Participants (N = 134 [67/group]) were low-income, uninsured Hispanics with or at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included in-person and telehealth clinician visits, other visits, missed visits, orders placed, and guideline-adherence (e.