Mapping glaucoma higher qualifications within UK optometry.

Purpose: The chronic capacity crisis in secondary care glaucoma services has resulted in calls to expand contributions by primary care optometrists. This study aims to map the current geographic spread of optometrists with post-graduate higher qualifications in glaucoma and independent prescribing (IP) within the UK, providing insight into the potential for expansion of capacity in glaucoma care.

Methods: Data on glaucoma-related and IP higher qualifications accredited by the College of Optometrists, as of April and August 2024, respectively, were analysed.

Protective effect of low dose caffeine on psychological stress and cognitive function.

Introduction: Caffeine is an adrenergic antagonist that enhances neuronal activity. Psychological stress depresses cognitive function.

Aim: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic low dose caffeine on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive functions of acute or chronic psychological stressed rats.