Therapeutic Effect of Taxifolin on Bacterial Meningitis Associated with Inhibition of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling.

Background: Bacterial meningitis (BM) represents a severe infectious disease characterized by high mortality and neurological sequelae. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has compromised antibiotic therapies, emphasizing an urgent need for alternative treatments. Taxifolin (TAX), a naturally occurring flavonoid, exhibits multiple bioactivities, yet its role in BM remains unknown.

Screening benefits for breast and colorectal cancer-specific survival among medicare enrollees with HIV.

Objective: Cancer screening improves survival in the general population, but its effectiveness in people with HIV (PWH) remains underexplored, particularly for breast and colorectal cancer. This study examines the impact of cancer screening on cancer-specific survival among U.S.

Probing the pH Effect on Boehmite Particles in Water Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Boehmite has been widely used in theoretical research and industry, especially for hazardous material processing. For the liquid-phase treating process, the interfacial properties of boehmite are believed to be affected by pH conditions, which change its physicochemical behavior. However, molecular-level detection on cluster ions is challenging when using bulk approaches.

Elder abuse-related rib fractures: performance of chest computed tomography in two case reports.

Trauma in victims of abuse often exists in various ways, and the characters usually manifest as non-fatal injuries, repetitive occurrence, and the injured parts are relatively hidden. Forensic experts are optimally positioned to raise suspicion for abuse when comprehensively considering a forensic investigation, reviewing imaging, and other multiple factors of geriatric injury victims. However, few experts received formal or informal training in abuse identification.

ATG16L1 membrane recruitment in autophagy.

Autophagy, a highly conserved catabolic pathway in eukaryotes, is essential for cellular survival during starvation and for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Central to autophagy is the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes, which requires the orchestrated action of a set of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. ATG16L1 is a core autophagy protein involved in distinct phases of autophagosome biogenesis, including membrane remodeling and the formation of phagophore-like membrane cups.

Protective Role of Dietary Short-Chain Fatty Acid Propionate against Autoimmune Responses and Pathology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in MRL-lpr Mice.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, including the skin and kidneys. The etiology of SLE remains unclear but involves hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors. Environmental factors, such as diet and microbiota-derived metabolites, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major players, can influence autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

ToF-SIMS spectral data analysis of 300A biofilms and planktonic cells.

Analysis of bacterial biofilms is particularly challenging and important with diverse applications from systems biology to biotechnology. Among the variety of techniques that have been applied, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has many promising features in studying the surface characteristics of biofilms. ToF-SIMS offers high spatial resolution and high mass accuracy, which permit surface sensitive analysis of biofilm components.

Molecular Imaging of Microbially Induced Corrosion of Synthetic Archeological Glasses by a Rhizosphere Bacterium.

Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) focuses on the degradation of solid materials, such as glass or metal. Soil microbes are often associated with the corrosion of foreign objects in the rhizosphere. SCE2, a facultative anaerobic bacterium in soil, is of the same genus as bacteria found near nuclear waste disposal sites.

Rehmannioside A alleviates renal inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive nephropathy via AT1R/MAPK14/IL-17 signaling pathway.

Background: This study aimed to observe the influences and potential mechanism of rehmannioside A (ReA) in hypertensive nephropathy (HN).

Methods: HN model in mice and rat tubular epithelial cells were constructed by angiotensin II (Ang II). The biomarkers of renal function, including uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cre), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urine albumin, were assessed.

From Trials to Practice: Implementing a Clinical Intervention in Community Settings.

Introduction/objectives: Diabetes increases the risk of complications, especially for vulnerable populations. Our previous randomized clinical trial (RCT), TIME (elehealth-supported, ntegrated Community Health Workers (CHWs), edication access, group visit ducation), showed the efficacy of CHW-led diabetes care. This study aimed to gather data on transitioning TIME from clinical trials to practical implementation.

Bio-stabilized AuNPs as a reliable fluorescence sensing probe for Hg: application for environmental water sample.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Their exceptional stability, high conductivity, and strong light interaction also make them ideal for sensing applications. In this study, we developed a green microwave-assisted approach for synthesizing uniform (~ 10 nm) AuNPs using Acacia concinna fruit extract as a bio-stabilizing agent.

Rapid Detection of and in Fresh Beef Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification.

This study developed and optimized loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for rapid detection of and in fresh beef. LAMP primers targeting the gene of and gene of were used. Reaction conditions including temperature, dNTP concentration, Mg concentration, primer ratio, and Bst DNA polymerase amount were optimized for each pathogen.

A global collaboration for systematic analysis of broad-ranging antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC) conducted side-by-side comparisons of over 400 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike therapeutic antibody candidates contributed by large and small companies as well as academic groups on multiple continents. Nine reference labs analyzed antibody features, including in vivo protection in a mouse model of infection, spike protein affinity, high-resolution epitope binning, ACE-2 binding blockage, structures, and neutralization of pseudovirus and authentic virus infection, to build a publicly accessible dataset in the database CoVIC-DB. High-throughput, high-resolution binning of CoVIC antibodies defines a broad and predictive landscape of antibody epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and identifies features associated with durable potency against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and high in vivo efficacy.

Exosomal novel-miRNA-126 mediates vascular endothelial dysfunction by targeting AhR-NLRP3 pathway in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly prevalent liver disease associated with obesity and its complications. Recent studies have underscored a significant correlation between NASH and an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the precise mechanisms of inter-organ communication between the liver and vascular endothelium are not fully understood.

Comprehensive strategies for paclitaxel production: insights from plant cell culture, endophytic microorganisms, and synthetic biology.

L, an important ornamental, economic, and medicinal plant, is renowned for producing paclitaxel (Taxol®), a potent chemotherapeutic agent. The biosynthesis of paclitaxel involves intricate biosynthetic pathways, spanning multiple enzymatic steps. Despite advances, challenges remain in optimizing production methods.

Puerarin Reversing Autophagy-Lysosomal Dysfunction via Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition in Cardiomyocytes.

Heart failure (HF) is a major cardiovascular disorder characterised by high prevalence and mortality rate. Recent studies have emphasised the role of autophagy in development and progression of HF. Dysfunctions in lysosomes and autophagic processes are closely associated with the aetiology of HF.

Estimation of Visual Acuity after Recovery from Different Degrees of Ocular Trauma Using Pattern Visual Evoked Potential.

Objectives: To provide a reference for visual assessment in complex ocular trauma by studying the characteristics of visual evoked potential (VEP) in patients with different degrees of ocular trauma.

Methods: Based on the severity of ocular trauma, 231 patients with monocular visual impairment were selected and divided into groups A (no open surgery, relatively mild injury), B (open surgery, which may have a certain impact on the visual acuity after recovery) and C (multiple open surgeries, multiple intraocular surgeries or further treatment after surgery, and serious impact on the visual acuity after recovery). At the same time, according to the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after recovery, they were divided into four grades: Ⅰ, visual<4.

Institutional characteristics, faculty rank and URM faculty representation.

Introduction: It has been well documented that underrepresented faculty in academic medicine are concentrated in lower faculty ranks than their well represented counterparts. This promotion disparity has resulted in concerted efforts by medical institutions to change academic culture and climate surrounding this group. This study provides a more detailed characterization of minority faculty underrepresentation, evaluating longitudinal trends in faculty rank among US medical schools looking particularly at academic rank, region, ownership, institution type, social mission score and research intensity ranking.

Anti-Ebola virus mAb 3A6 protects highly viremic animals from fatal outcome via binding GP in a position elevated from the virion membrane.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) are the standard of care for Ebola virus disease (EVD). Anti-GP mAbs targeting the stalk and membrane proximal external region (MPER) potently neutralize EBOV in vitro and are protective in a mouse model of EVD. However, their neutralization mechanism is poorly understood because they target a GP epitope that has evaded structural characterization.

An evaluation of static ToF-SIMS analysis of environmental organics.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been extensively used in surface analysis due to its high mass resolution, sensitivity, and mass spectral imaging capabilities. Static ToF-SIMS has mainly been used for solid material analysis; however, its application in environmental organics is limited. During SIMS spectral analysis, relative mass accuracy and measurement repeatability are key factors for obtaining reliable speciation and acquiring chemical insights of the specimens.

A non-parametric approach to predict the recruitment for randomized clinical trials: an example in elderly inpatient settings.

Background: Accurate prediction of subject recruitment, which is critical to the success of a study, remains an ongoing challenge. Previous prediction models often rely on parametric assumptions which are not always met or may be difficult to implement. We aim to develop a novel method that is less sensitive to model assumptions and relatively easy to implement.