Regulation of Ghrelin Production and Food Intake by Gastric Adenylyl Cyclase Type 8.

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone primarily produced by ghrelin cells in the stomach, playing a vital role in the regulation of eating behavior. Adenyl cyclase 8 (ADCY8), a key downstream signaling factor of G protein-coupled receptors, is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis by modulating levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Nevertheless, how ADCY8 modulates ghrelin levels and affects food intake is not well understood.

Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Index with Disease Severity and Adverse Outcome in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Composite inflammatory markers, such as the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), are associated with the severity and progression of several cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between SIRI and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remains unclear. We hypothesized that elevated SIRI levels would correlate with disease severity and independently predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CTEPH.

Deep Learning-Enhanced Noninvasive Detection of Pulmonary Hypertension and Subtypes via Chest Radiographs, Validated by Catheterization.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex, life-threatening condition requiring noninvasive, accessible, and accurate diagnostic tools, particularly in resource-limited settings. Early and precise identification of PH and its subtypes is critical for effective management and timely intervention.

Research Question: Can deep learning (DL) methods applied to chest radiography (CXR) accurately detect PH and its subtype, congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH)?

Study Design And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 4,576 patients, including 2,288 patients with PH, who underwent CXR followed by right heart catheterization (RHC) or transthoracic echocardiography.

Adcy8 deficiency contributes to impaired lipolysis and an increased prevalence of obesity in mice.

Obesity is a global chronic disease characterized by an imbalance in energy homeostasis. Dysfunction of adipocytes and adipose tissue are fundamental defects that contribute to the development of obesity. Adenylate cyclase 8 (ADCY8) serves as a key downstream signaling factor of G protein-coupled receptors, catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is essential for maintaining energy balance.

Intestinal L-cell mechanoreception regulates hepatic lipid metabolism through GLP-1.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by intestinal L cells, is essential for lowering postprandial glucose levels and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism.We investigate the effects of manipulating Piezo1 in L cells on hepatic lipid metabolism. We found that normal and high-fat diet-fed L cell-specific knockout () mice exhibited reduced circulating GLP-1 levels, increased hepatic lipid accumulation, decreased β-catenin expression, and elevated lipogenesis-related genes and proteins, including SREBP1c, PPARγ, FASN, and ACC.

Association of Ambient Air Pollution With Invasive Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Although the impact of ambient air pollution on mortality in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases is well documented, its specific link to pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unclear. This study investigated the association between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and all-cause death or lung transplantation, as well as pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1327 participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension who underwent right heart catheterization (RHC).

Development and validation of multimodal deep learning algorithms for detecting pulmonary hypertension.

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), commonly used for initial screening of pulmonary hypertension (PH), often lacks sufficient accuracy. To address this gap, we developed and validated a multimodal fusion model for improved PH screening (MMF-PH). The study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.

Association of insulin resistance surrogates with disease severity and adverse outcomes in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a severely progressive disease that leads to right heart failure and death. Previous studies have shown that diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) are closely related to pulmonary hypertension, but the role of IR in patients with CTEPH remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the relationship between four insulin resistance indices and disease severity, hemodynamic parameters, and adverse outcomes in patients with CTEPH.

Ultra-short lipopeptides containing d-amino acid exhibiting excellent stability and antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria.

As novel antibacterial agents, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low drug resistance, holding significant development potential. Nevertheless, the stability of AMPs significantly restricts their application. In light of this, we synthesized a series of ultra-short lipopeptides using d-amino acid substitution to enhance the stability of ultra-short lipopeptide C-RRW-NH that was selected from our previous research while maintaining its antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria.

Correction: The influence of successor's implicit power and explicit power on dual innovation---The mediating effect of board dissent.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Chinese consensus report on the assessment and management of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with cardiovascular disease: 2024 edition.

As cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality rates continue to rise in China, the importance of identifying and managing CVD risk factors grows. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder, affecting an estimated 936 million individuals aged 30-69 worldwide, with China leading globally with about 176 million affected. Increasing research indicates a close association between OSA and the onset and progression of various CVD, significantly affecting outcomes.

Mechano-regulation of GLP-1 production by Piezo1 in intestinal L cells.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived hormone secreted by intestinal L cells and vital for postprandial glycemic control. As open-type enteroendocrine cells, whether L cells can sense mechanical stimuli caused by chyme and thus regulate GLP-1 synthesis and secretion is unexplored. Molecular biology techniques revealed the expression of Piezo1 in intestinal L cells.

Mechanosensing by Piezo1 in gastric ghrelin cells contributes to hepatic lipid homeostasis in mice.

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide released by gastric ghrelin cells that contributes to obesity and hepatic steatosis. The mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in gastric ghrelin cells inhibits the synthesis and secretion of ghrelin in response to gastric mechanical stretch. We sought to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism by manipulating Piezo1 in gastric ghrelin cells.

Effects of malnutrition on disease severity and adverse outcomes in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Malnutrition is common in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease and is associated with significantly higher all-cause mortality. Approximately one-third of patients with heart failure are malnourished. However, the relationship between malnutrition and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) remains unclear.

Usefulness of risk assessment tools in predicting hemodynamic outcome after balloon pulmonary angioplasty: a comparative analysis.

Objectives: Several parameters of widely used risk assessment tools for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been linked to hemodynamic outcomes of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA). Therefore, we aimed to determine whether these risk assessment tools could be used to predict hemodynamic outcomes following BPA.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 139 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who had undergone BPA at Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Beijing, China).

Association of non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with disease severity and adverse outcome in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multi-center cohort study.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that diabetes mellitus and impaired lipid metabolism are associated with the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). However, the relationship between IR and pulmonary hypertension is poorly understood.

Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio as a new indicator of disease severity and prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension.

Background: Emerging evidence has shown that the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio (BAR) is associated with the severity and prognosis of heart failure. However, its role in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) remains unclear. This study investigated the associations between BAR and functional status, echocardiographic findings, hemodynamics, and long-term outcomes among patients with IPAH.

Mechano-sensor Piezo1 inhibits glucagon production in pancreatic α-cells.

Objective: Glucagon is a critical hormone regulating glucose metabolism. It stimulates the liver to release glucose under low blood sugar conditions, thereby maintaining blood glucose stability. Excessive glucagon secretion and hyperglycemia is observed in individuals with diabetes.

Causal impact of gut microbiota and associated metabolites on pulmonary arterial hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibit a distinct gut microbiota profile; however, the causal association between gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and PAH remains elusive. We aimed to investigate this causal association and to explore whether dietary patterns play a role in its regulation.

Methods: Summary statistics of gut microbiota, associated metabolites, diet, and PAH were obtained from genome-wide association studies.

Tumor biomarkers in evaluating the severity and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: A comprehensive analysis.

Inflammation contributes to development of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), and tumor biomarkers can reflect inflammatory and immune status. We aimed to determine the value of tumor biomarkers in IPAH comprehensively. We enrolled 315 patients with IPAH retrospectively.

Optimal short-term outcomes in balloon pulmonary angioplasty: the minimum frequency of three sessions annually.

Background: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is typically performed in a sequential manner.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the lowest frequency of BPA for patients who could not reach treatment goals in a short period.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Role of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Predicting Disease Severity and Prognosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Introduction: Mounting evidence indicates a possible connection between the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and the prognosis of heart failure, but its role in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SIRI and variables such as functional ability, echocardiography results, hemodynamic measurements, and long-term outcomes in patients with IPAH.

Methods: The study included 426 consecutive IPAH patients who underwent right heart catheterization at Fuwai Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020.