A global prediction of cardiovascular disease from 2020 to 2030.

Background: The study aimed to forecast the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) across all age groups worldwide from 2020 to 2030.

Methods: Data spanning from 1990 to 2019 across diverse global populations were extracted from the GBD 2019 study data. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) were utilized to predict the disease burden for the period between 2020 and 2030.

The association between sensory function changes, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, and cognitive impairment: two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Recent findings indicate a correlation between sensory impairment and cognitive impairment, while earlier research primarily focused on baseline sensory function without addressing its progression. This research examines the association between dynamic changes in visual impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) with cognitive impairment, concurrently evaluating the mediating role of biomarkers.

Methods: This research employed cohort data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2010-2018).

Low-temperature sequential deposition for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cell has made significant progress in recent years. Although two-step sequential deposition shows the benefits to obtain higher quality large-size perovskite crystals, the high annealing temperature, which is required to achieve phase transition, leads to the desorption of self-assembled molecules at the buried interface and induces redundant lead iodide at the top interface. Here, we propose a low temperature sequential deposition method by introduce a tailor-made 3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dimethyl phosphate into lead iodide precursor solution to facilitate the sufficient reaction between lead iodide and organic salts, and lower the energy barrier from delta- to alpha-perovskite.

Reinforced Perovskite-Substrate Interfaces via Multi-Sited and Dual-Sided Anchoring.

Interfacial reliability is critical for the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet the perovskite-substrate interface represents the most vulnerable part in high-efficiency devices. Here, this interface, by incorporating a dual-sided anchoring polymeric hole-transporting interlayer is reinforced with abundant coordinating pyridyl units as side chains, which induces strong adhesion between the perovskite and substrate by forming multidimensional interactions with adjacent layers. This simultaneously enhances the mechanical strength through effective distribution and dissipation of mechanical stress and the electronic quality of the perovskite-substrate interface through defect passivation.

AI-Generated Ammonium Ligands for High-Efficiency and Stable 2D/3D Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells.

The 2D/3D heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit remarkable stability, but the quantum well in the 2D perovskite capping layer hinders the carrier transport, thereby lowering the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The relationship between the transport barrier and the complex structure of ammonium ligands (ALs) is currently poorly understood, thus leading to the one-sided approach and inefficient process in the development of 2D perovskite. Here, a machine learning procedure is established to comprehensively explore the relationship and combined it with an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on reinforcement learning algorithm to accelerate the generation of ALs.

Cost Effectivities Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells: Will it Outperform Crystalline Silicon Ones?

The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has garnered worldwide attention and many efforts were devoted on the improvement of efficiency and stability. Here, we estimated the cost effectivities of PSCs based on the current industrial condition. Through the analysis of current process, the manufacturing cost and the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of PSCs is estimated as 0.

Two E-clade protein phosphatase 2Cs enhance ABA signaling by dephosphorylating ABI1 in Arabidopsis.

ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and ABI2 are co-receptors of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of multiple amino acids on ABI1/2 augments their ability to inhibit ABA signaling in planta. However, whether and how the dephosphorylation of ABI1/2 is regulated to enhance plant sensitivity to ABA remain unknown.

Degradable Additive Couple Enable Pure and Stable Alpha-Phase FAPbI for Perovskite Solar Cells.

Pure black-phase FAPbI has always been pursued because of its ideal bandgap (E) and high thermal stability. Here, a pair of sacrificial agents containing diethylamine hydrochloride (DEACl) and formamide (Fo) is reported, which can induce the oriented growth of black-phase FAPbI along (111) and will disappear by the aminolysis reaction during perovskite annealing, retaining the E of FAPbI as 1.49 eV.

Teichoic acid biosynthesis enhances conjugation efficiency in Streptomyces: A key to unlocking DNA delivery into industrially relevant strains.

Genetic manipulation in bacteria, particularly in industrially relevant Streptomyces strains, is often hindered by low DNA transfer efficiency. This study investigates the role of cell envelope components, particularly teichoic acid (TA), in enhancing conjugation efficiency. Using CRISPR-Cpf1 system, we systematically disrupted 26 cell envelope-related genes in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), revealing that TA biosynthesis significantly influences DNA uptake.

Multiscale fusion enhanced spiking neural network for invasive BCI neural signal decoding.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are an advanced fusion of neuroscience and artificial intelligence, requiring stable and long-term decoding of neural signals. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), with their neuronal dynamics and spike-based signal processing, are inherently well-suited for this task. This paper presents a novel approach utilizing a Multiscale Fusion enhanced Spiking Neural Network (MFSNN).

Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationship between trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors and Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Previous studies have reported a potential association between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of this study was to examine the potential relationship between the levels of circulating TMAO and its precursors and the risk of PD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Material And Methods: We aggregated data from three genome-wide association studies (International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium, Parkinson's Research: The Organized Genetics Initiative and GenePD, and FinnGen) to extract single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating concentrations of TMAO, choline, carnitine, and betaine.

Investigating causal associations of gut microbiota and blood metabolites on stroke and its subtypes: A Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The causal relationships between gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and stroke and its subtypes remain unclear. This study aims to uncover the causal associations using Mendelian randomization.

Methods: We initially identify Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) correlated with gut microbiota and blood metabolites as instrumental variables (IVs) from the summary statistics in Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to evaluate their potential causal associations with stroke and its subtypes.

Anchorable Polymers Enabling Ultra-Thin and Robust Hole-Transporting Layers for High-Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Currently, the development of polymeric hole-transporting materials (HTMs) lags behind that of small-molecule HTMs in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A critical challenge is that conventional polymeric HTMs are incapable of forming ultra-thin and conformal coatings like self-assembly monolayers (SAMs), especially for substrates with rough surface morphology. Herein, we address this challenge by designing anchorable polymeric HTMs (CP1 to CP5).

Analysis of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: We analyzed trends in the tracheal, bronchial, and lung (TBL) cancer disease burdens attributable to respiratory system-related risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Material And Methods: Based on the results of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, we calculated and analyzed the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the age-standardized disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates and death rates of TBL cancer attributable to total and four individual risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally.

Results: From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate and death rate of TBL cancer only attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution increased globally, and in all Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintiles, except for high SDI quintiles.

Income level is associated with differences in primary and secondary stroke prevention in China.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess differences in the effects of income level on the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in the Chinese population.

Material And Methods: This was a population-based study using data from a China Kadoorie Biobank survey that began in 2004 in 10 geographical regions. Community residents ( = 512,715) aged 30-79 years were recruited.

Association between a healthy lifestyle and the prevalence of depression in radiology residents in China: findings from a nationwide survey.

Objective: The relationship between a healthy lifestyle and depression in radiology residents remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between a healthy lifestyle and depressive symptoms in radiology residents in a nationwide survey.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Multiomics Profiling of Plasma Reveals Molecular Alterations Prior to a Diagnosis with Stroke Among Chinese Hypertension Patients.

We aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma proteins and metabolites and the occurrence of future strokes using mass spectrometry and bioinformatics as well as to identify other biomarkers that could predict stroke risk in hypertensive patients. In a nested case-control study, baseline plasma samples were collected from 50 hypertensive subjects who developed stroke and 50 gender-, age- and body mass index-matched controls. Plasma untargeted metabolomics and data independent acquisition-based proteomics analysis were performed in hypertensive patients, and 19 metabolites and 111 proteins were found to be differentially expressed.

Relationship between socioeconomic status and stroke: An observational and network Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and stroke remains controversial, and the underlying mediator is unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal relationship of SES with stroke and its subtypes and to identify potential modifiable risk factors responsible for this relationship.

Methods: The study included 372,437 participants from the UK Biobank.

Application of Exogenous Ascorbic Acid Enhances Cold Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings through Molecular and Physiological Responses.

Ascorbic acid (AsA), an essential non-enzymatic antioxidant in plants, regulates development growth and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, research on AsA's role in cold tolerance remains largely unknown. Here, our study uncovered the positive role of AsA in improving cold stress tolerance in tomato seedlings.

Crystallization Modulation and Holistic Passivation Enables Efficient Two-Terminal Perovskite/CuIn(Ga)Se Tandem Solar Cells.

Two-terminal (2-T) perovskite (PVK)/CuIn(Ga)Se (CIGS) tandem solar cells (TSCs) have been considered as an ideal tandem cell because of their best bandgap matching regarding to Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limits. However, the nature of the irregular rough morphology of commercial CIGS prevents people from improving tandem device performances. In this paper, D-homoserine lactone hydrochloride is proven to improve coverage of PVK materials on irregular rough CIGS surfaces and also passivate bulk defects by modulating the growth of PVK crystals.

Genetic association analyses highlight apolipoprotein B as a determinant of chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Blood lipid levels were associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the genetic basis and causal nature remain unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships of lipids and their fractions with CKD in patients with T2D.

Methods: Our prospective analysis involved 8,607 White participants with T2D but no CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank.