Associations of residential green space and natural environment with heart failure: the mediating effect of air pollution and physical activity.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the associations of exposure to residential green space and natural environment with incident heart failure (HF) risk and to investigate the role of PM2.5 and physical activity in these associations.

Methods And Results: We conducted a prospective study using data from the UK Biobank cohort, which included 437 656 participants.

Correlations of vancomycin trough concentration and its efficacy and toxicity in patients in the intensive care unit.

Background: Plasma concentration monitoring is crucial for optimizing vancomycin use, particularly in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the reference interval for vancomycin plasma concentration remains undetermined.

Aim: To evaluate the correlations of area under the curve (AUC) and trough concentration (C) with efficacy and nephrotoxicity in patients in the ICU.

The Role of High-Sensitivity -Reactive Protein in Activities of Daily Living Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

The association between high-sensitivity -reactive protein (hsCRP) and activities of daily living (ADL) disability remains unclear. Our study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between hsCRP concentrations and the risk of ADL disability, while also identifying potential modifiers of this association in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a prospective study involving 16,342 participants aged 50 years and older (mean age: 64 ± 10 years) from the Health and Retirement Study.

Accelerometer-derived physical activity patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests a significant relationship between the duration of physical activity (PA) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the association between the "weekend warrior" (WW) pattern-characterized by concentrated moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) over one to two days-and T2D remains unclear.

Methods: This prospective cohort study aims to utilize device-measured PA data to investigate the associations between PA patterns and T2D.

Associations of exposure to individual polyfluoroalkyl substances and their mixtures with vitamin D biomarkers in postmenopausal women.

The potential impact of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on vitamin D status in postmenopausal women remains unexplored. This study examined the effects of individual PFAS and their combined exposures on vitamin D biomarkers among 2114 postmenopausal women utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2003-2018. The serum levels of four PFAS compounds, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), were assessed alongside the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level.

Healthy sleep patterns and risk of hospitalization for infection: a large community-based cohort study.

Sleep behaviours are potentially modifiable risk factors for infectious disease. However, little is known about the combined effects of multiple sleep factors on the risk of infections. We investigated the prospective associations of combined healthy sleep patterns with the risk of hospitalization for infection in 397,523 participants (mean (SD) age: 56.

Association between Blood Trihalomethane Concentrations and the Risk of Dyslipidemia: Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study.

Experimental studies have indicated that exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may affect the lipid synthesis. However, epidemiological evidence is sparse. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood trihalomethane (THM) exposure and the risk of dyslipidemia from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.

Effects of Substitution of Wheat Straw by Giant Reed on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Antioxidant Properties of Sheep.

The development and utilization of unconventional forage resources is crucial to alleviating the current situation of shortage of forage resources. Giant reed () is a promising forage resource from the Poaceae family, one of the largest herbaceous plants globally, with fast growth, high biomass yield, and strong ecological adaptability. However, there are still very few reports on the use of giant reed in livestock and poultry production.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Imatinib and Tacrolimus in Rats.

Objective: Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), is the first-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Imatinib and tacrolimus are both substrates of the hepatic enzymes CYP3A4/5 and efflux transporter P-gp, so drug-drug interactions may occur during their co-administration treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between imatinib and tacrolimus in rats.

Investigating Causal Associations between the Gut Microbiota and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

: The causal association of specific gut microbiota with dementia remains incompletely understood. We aimed to access the causal relationships in which one or more gut microbiota account for dementia. : Using data from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia, we employed multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches including two-sample MR (TSMR), multivariable MR (MVMR), and Bayesian model averaging MR to comprehensively evaluate the causal associations between 119 genera and dementia, and to prioritize the predominant bacterium.

Causal Association between Circulating Metabolites and Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

The causal association of circulating metabolites with dementia remains uncertain. We assessed the causal association of circulating metabolites with dementia utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. We performed univariable MR analysis to evaluate the associations of 486 metabolites with dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) risk.

Associations between whole grains intake and new-onset hypertension: a prospective cohort study.

Importance: Epidemiological evidences regarding the association between whole grain intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension are still controversial.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in the general population.

Methods: A total of 10,973 participants without hypertension from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were enrolled, with follow-up beginning in 1997 and ending in 2015.

Characterization of tirzepatide-treated patients achieving different glycemic control levels in SURPASS-AP-Combo.

Objective: The study objective was to characterize subgroups of Asia-Pacific patients with type 2 diabetes who achieved different glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets on tirzepatide treatment.

Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of the SURPASS AP-Combo study. Baseline characteristics, changes in metabolic markers, and safety were compared between tirzepatide-treated patients achieving HbA1c <7.

Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo by Different Subgroups.

Introduction: Tirzepatide is a novel glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. In the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial, once-weekly tirzepatide was associated with improved glycemic control and weight loss versus insulin glargine and was generally well tolerated in an Asia-Pacific, predominately Chinese, population with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post hoc subgroup analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo assessed the potential influence of patient baseline characteristics on the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide.

Long-term air pollutants exposure and respiratory mortality: A large prospective cohort study.

Ambient air pollution is a major global health concern. Yet, no study has thoroughly assessed its link to respiratory mortality. Our research evaluated the combined and individual effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality risks based on the UK Biobank.

Association between Whole Grain Intake and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: The relationship between whole grain intake and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains uncertain.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between whole grain intake and risk of CKD in Chinese adults.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 2009.

Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes by baseline body mass index: An exploratory subgroup analysis of SURPASS-AP-Combo.

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by baseline body mass index (BMI).

Materials And Methods: Participants with T2D from the Phase 3 SURPASS-AP-Combo trial (NCT04093752) were categorized into three BMI subgroups (normal weight [<25 kg/m ], overweight [≥25 and <30 kg/m ], and obese [≥30 kg/m ]) according to World Health Organization criteria. Exploratory outcomes including glycaemic control, body weight, cardiometabolic risk, and safety were compared among three tirzepatide doses (5, 10 or 15 mg) and insulin glargine.

Correlation Between N-Demethyl Imatinib Trough Concentration and Serious Adverse Reactions in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Imatinib is the first-line treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors; however, the clinical prognosis and adverse reactions of patients vary owing to individualized discrepancies in plasma exposure.

Methods: To determine the safe interval for steady-state plasma trough concentrations (C min ) of imatinib and its active metabolite, N-demethyl imatinib (NDI), 328 plasma samples from 273 patients treated with imatinib were retrospectively analyzed. Imatinib C min and NDI C min were tested, and adverse reactions were recorded.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Imatinib and Metformin in Rats.

Background And Objective: Imatinib is primarily transported into the liver by organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3), and novel organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), which is the first step in the metabolic and elimination of imatinib. Patients taking imatinib may concurrently take metformin, a substrate for OCT1. Drug-drug interactions (DDI) may occur between imatinib and metformin, affecting the clinical efficacy of imatinib.

Tirzepatide versus insulin glargine as second-line or third-line therapy in type 2 diabetes in the Asia-Pacific region: the SURPASS-AP-Combo trial.

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist. In this phase 3, randomized, open-label trial, insulin-naive adults (≥18 years of age) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on metformin (with or without a sulphonylurea) were randomized 1:1:1:1 to weekly tirzepatide 5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg or daily insulin glargine at 66 hospitals in China, South Korea, Australia and India. The primary endpoint was non-inferiority of mean change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to week 40 after treatment with 10 mg and 15 mg of tirzepatide.

Norvancomycin plasma concentration monitoring in hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study.

Blood concentration monitoring plays an important role in the rational use of norvancomycin. However, the reference interval for the norvancomycin plasma concentration in the treatment of infections in hemodialysis patients with end stage kidney disease is undefined. To determine the safe and effective interval for the norvancomycin plasma trough concentration, 39 patients treated with hemodialysis and norvancomycin were analyzed retrospectively.

Development, validation, and application of an UPLC-MS/MS method for vancomycin, norvancomycin, methotrexate, paclitaxel, and imatinib analysis in human plasma.

Background: Vancomycin, norvancomycin, methotrexate, paclitaxel, and imatinib are five commonly used drugs which are all recommended to therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical settings. However, the blood concentration monitoring of these drugs and the interpretations of the test results are limited to some extent due to the differences of testing instruments and testing methods.

Methods: We established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous quantification of vancomycin, norvancomycin, methotrexate, paclitaxel, and imatinib in human plasma.

Immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine and Lantus® insulin glargine in Chinese patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To evaluate the immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine (LY IGlar) versus originator insulin glargine (IGlar [Lantus®]) in Chinese patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: ABES and ABET were prospective, randomized, active control, open-label, phase III studies, which enrolled Chinese patients with T1DM (N = 272) and T2DM (N = 536), respectively. Using data from these trials, immunogenicity of LY IGlar and IGlar was evaluated by comparing the proportion of patients with detectable anti-insulin glargine antibodies and the median antibody levels (percent binding) between the treatment groups.