Impact of Cyst Fluid on the Phenotypic Dynamics and Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Mast Cells.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cyst fluid (EgCF) on the phenotypic characteristics and degranulation activity of mast cells during echinococcosis-associated hypersensitivity reactions, using the RBL-2H3 rat basophilic leukemia cell line as an in vitro model.

Methods: The cytotoxic effects of EgCF on RBL-2H3 cells were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Degranulation activity was quantified by measuring β-hexosaminidase release.

Anti-Inflammatory Regulatory Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Phosphorylation in Regulating Hypersensitivity Responses to Hydatid Cyst Fluid.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory regulatory function of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in hypersensitivity responses triggered by hydatid cyst fluid through in vitro RBL-2H3 cell culture.

Methods: RBL-2H3 cells were cultured in vitro and sensitized with immunoglobulin E (IgE), followed by intervention with STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and JSI-124. Cells were subsequently exposed to crude hydatid cyst fluid to induce an allergic reaction.

'Tearing Effect' of Alloy-Support Interaction for Alloy Redispersion in NiRu/TiO Hydrogenation Catalysts.

Supported alloy catalysts have been extensively applied to many significant industrial chemical processes due to the abundant active sites with distinguishable geometry and electron states. However, a detailed in situ investigation of the interaction between support and alloy nanoparticles is still lacking. Here, a subversive 'tearing effect' on the interface of TiO-supported NiRu alloy nanoparticles is in situ discovered by environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) with a dramatic redispersion process of alloy nanoparticles from ~25 nm to 2-3 nm under the repeated hydrogen reduction.

Structural basis for the evolution and antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 and JN.1 subvariants.

The Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2, especially for BA.2.86 and JN.

Gate-tunable Intrinsic Anomalous Hall Effect in Epitaxial MnBiTe Films.

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is an important transport signature revealing topological properties of magnetic materials and their spin textures. Recently, MnBiTe has been demonstrated to be an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator. However, the origin of its intriguing AHE behaviors remains elusive.

Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma-Associated Proteins in Serum.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer types, partly because it is frequently identified at an advanced stage, when surgery is no longer feasible. Therefore, early detection using minimally invasive methods such as blood tests may improve outcomes. However, studies to discover molecular signatures for the early detection of PDAC using blood tests have only been marginally successful.

TiO-modified MoS monolayer films enable sensitive NH sensing at room temperature.

The research and development of high-performance NH sensors are of great significance for environment monitoring and disease diagnosis applications. Two-dimensional (2D) MoS nanomaterials have exhibited great potential for building room-temperature (RT) NH sensors but still suffer from relatively low sensitivity. Herein, the TiO-modified monolayer MoS films with controllable TiO loading contents are fabricated by a facile approach.

Muscone promotes functional recovery by facilitating microglia polarization into M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ pathway after ischemic stroke.

Exploring regimens to facilitate microglia transformation from M1 to M2 phenotype is a feasible strategy to suppress neuroinflammation, therefore reinforcing functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Muscone easily crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and distributes throughout the brain. Here, the results illustrated the administration of 8 mg/kg muscone promoted functional recovery through reducing the infarct volume by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining after ischemic stroke in mice.

Cactus-Inspired Photonic Crystal Chip for Attomolar Fluorescence Multi-analysis.

Automation and efficiency requirements of environmental monitoring are the pursuit of spontaneous sampling and ultrasensitivity for current sensory systems or detection apparatuses. In this work, inspired by cactus hierarchical structures, we develop a cactus-inspired photonic crystal chip to integrate spontaneous droplet sampling and fluorescence enhancement for sensitive multi-analyte detection. A conical hydrophilic pattern on hydrophobic surfaces can give rise to unidirectional Laplace pressure, which drives droplet transport to the assigned photonic crystal site.

Understanding the complexity of existing fossil fuel power plant decarbonization.

Growing national decarbonization commitments require rapid and deep reductions of carbon dioxide emissions from existing fossil-fuel power plants. Although retrofitting existing plants with carbon capture and storage or biomass has been discussed extensively, yet such options have failed to provide evident emission reductions at a global scale so far. Assessments of decarbonization technologies tend to focus on one specific option but omit its interactions with competing technologies and related sectors (e.

Optimized data-independent acquisition approach for proteomic analysis at single-cell level.

Background: Single-cell proteomic analysis provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity allowing the characterization of the cellular microenvironment which is difficult to accomplish in bulk proteomic analysis. Currently, single-cell proteomic studies utilize data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with a TMT labelled carrier channel. Due to the extremely imbalanced MS signals among the carrier channel and other TMT reporter ions, the quantification is compromised.

Characterization of core fucosylation via sequential enzymatic treatments of intact glycopeptides and mass spectrometry analysis.

Core fucosylation of N-linked glycoproteins has been linked to the functions of glycoproteins in physiological and pathological processes. However, quantitative characterization of core fucosylation remains challenging due to the complexity and heterogeneity of N-linked glycosylation. Here we report a mass spectrometry-based method that employs sequential treatment of intact glycopeptides with enzymes (STAGE) to analyze site-specific core fucosylation of glycoproteins.

From Platform to Knowledge Graph: Evolution of Laboratory Automation.

High-fidelity computer-aided experimentation is becoming more accessible with the development of computing power and artificial intelligence tools. The advancement of experimental hardware also empowers researchers to reach a level of accuracy that was not possible in the past. Marching toward the next generation of self-driving laboratories, the orchestration of both resources lies at the focal point of autonomous discovery in chemical science.

Proteogenomic characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor patient survival. Toward understanding the underlying molecular alterations that drive PDAC oncogenesis, we conducted comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 140 pancreatic cancers, 67 normal adjacent tissues, and 9 normal pancreatic ductal tissues. Proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and glycoproteomic analyses were used to characterize proteins and their modifications.

Proteogenomic insights into the biology and treatment of HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

We present a proteogenomic study of 108 human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Proteomic analysis systematically catalogs HNSCC-associated proteins and phosphosites, prioritizes copy number drivers, and highlights an oncogenic role for RNA processing genes. Proteomic investigation of mutual exclusivity between FAT1 truncating mutations and 11q13.

Signal peptide of HIV-1 envelope modulates glycosylation impacting exposure of V1V2 and other epitopes.

HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers, synthesized from a precursor gp160 that contains an ER-targeting signal peptide (SP) at its amino-terminus. Each trimer is swathed by ~90 N-linked glycans, comprising complex-type and oligomannose-type glycans, which play an important role in determining virus sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. We previously examined the effects of single point SP mutations on Env properties and functions.

Proteomic signatures of 16 major types of human cancer reveal universal and cancer-type-specific proteins for the identification of potential therapeutic targets.

Background: Proteomic characterization of cancers is essential for a comprehensive understanding of key molecular aberrations. However, proteomic profiling of a large cohort of cancer tissues is often limited by the conventional approaches.

Methods: We present a proteomic landscape of 16 major types of human cancer, based on the analysis of 126 treatment-naïve primary tumor tissues, 94 tumor-matched normal adjacent tissues, and 12 normal tissues, using mass spectrometry-based data-independent acquisition approach.

In silico rationalisation of selectivity and reactivity in Pd-catalysed C-H activation reactions.

A computational approach has been developed to automatically generate and analyse the structures of the intermediates of palladium-catalysed carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation reactions as well as to predict the final products. Implemented as a high-performance computing cluster tool, it has been shown to correctly choose the mechanism and rationalise regioselectivity of chosen examples from open literature reports. The developed methodology is capable of predicting reactivity of various substrates by differentiation between two major mechanisms - proton abstraction and electrophilic aromatic substitution.

Human Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins Contain Conserved Oligomannose N-Linked Glycans Allowing Potent Neutralization by Lectins.

Hemagglutinins (HAs) from human influenza viruses adapt to bind α2-6-linked sialosides, overcoming a receptor-defined species barrier distinct from the α2-3 specificity of avian virus progenitors. Additionally, human-adapted HAs gain glycosylation sites over time, although their biological function is poorly defined. Using quantitative glycomic analysis, we show that HAs from human pandemic viruses exhibit significant proportions of high-mannose type N-linked glycans throughout the head domain.

Machine learning and molecular descriptors enable rational solvent selection in asymmetric catalysis.

Rational solvent selection remains a significant challenge in process development. Here we describe a hybrid mechanistic-machine learning approach, geared towards automated process development workflow. A library of 459 solvents was used, for which 12 conventional molecular descriptors, two reaction-specific descriptors, and additional descriptors based on screening charge density, were calculated.

Chromatographic determination and in-situ cell imaging of thiol compounds based on a fluorigenic probe.

This study combines a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection method (HPLC-FLD) with in-situ cell imaging for the sensitive analysis of glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcys), using BODIPY®507/545 IA as a labeling reagent. The analytical potential of BODIPY®507/545 IA in cell imaging was deeply explored, concerning fluorescent response, selectivity, cell-permeability, biotoxicity and so on. It is demonstrated that BODIPY®507/545 IA has good biocompatibility and the fluorescence intensity is enhanced remarkably after reacting with thiols.

Differential processing of HIV envelope glycans on the virus and soluble recombinant trimer.

As the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to HIV, the envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer is the focus of vaccination strategies designed to elicit protective bnAbs in humans. Because HIV Env is densely glycosylated with 75-90 N-glycans per trimer, most bnAbs use or accommodate them in their binding epitope, making the glycosylation of recombinant Env a key aspect of HIV vaccine design. Upon analysis of three HIV strains, we here find that site-specific glycosylation of Env from infectious virus closely matches Envs from corresponding recombinant membrane-bound trimers.