Application of transthoracic echocardiography to assess the dynamic evolution of early cardiac damage induced by abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula in female rats with chronic renal failure.

Objective: Left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) frequently occurs in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who have an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). In a rat model of CRF with AVF, we assessed the utility of transthoracic echocardiography for the early detection of LVD and examined the associated pathological damage.

Methods: Forty female rats that had successfully established a CRF model were divided into three groups: the CRF group (n = 13), the sham group (n = 13), and the AVF group (n = 14).

Global research hotspots and trends of the vaccines: Based on ESI hot papers.

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers on vaccine research and to provide a summary of the hot spots and development trends in the field. A systematic and comprehensive search for literature on vaccine research was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, and 81 ESI hot papers were obtained. A total of 81 ESI Hot Papers from 51 journals were identified in the domain of vaccines, of which 93.

Genome-wide association study for loci associated with positive antinuclear antibodies.

Background: The genetic basis, heritability, and genetic differences by patterns and titers of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are still poorly understood.

Methods: Within the Mass General Brigham Biobank, containing electronic health records (EHR) and genotyping for >65,000 consented patients, we identified individuals with HEp-2 immunofluorescence ANA results (1989-2022) and genetically predicted European ancestry. We performed genome-wide associated studies for ANA+ ≥ 1:40, ≥ 1:80, all and in speckled and homogeneous ANA patterns, for those only +1:40, and then excluding those with ≥1 of 9 ANA-associated autoimmune diagnoses, each compared to those ANA- and adjusted for age, sex, and 4 genetic principal components.

The Dietary Biomarkers Development Consortium: An Initiative for Discovery and Validation of Dietary Biomarkers for Precision Nutrition.

Unlabelled: Diet is a complex exposure that affects health across the lifespan. Objective biomarkers that can reliably reflect intake of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns with sufficient accuracy are an important tool for assessing associations of diet with health outcomes. Advances in metabolomics, coupled with feeding trials and high-dimensional bioinformatics analyses, pave the way for discovering compounds that can serve as sensitive and specific biomarkers of dietary exposures.

Cross-omics risk scores of inflammation markers are associated with all-cause mortality: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Inflammation is a critical component of chronic diseases, aging progression, and lifespan. Omics signatures may characterize inflammation status beyond blood biomarkers. We leveraged genetics (polygenic risk score [PRS]), metabolomics (metabolomic risk score [MRS]), and epigenetics (epigenetic risk score [ERS]) to build multi-omics-multi-marker risk scores for inflammation status represented by the level of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).

Comprehensive Measurement of Inter-Individual Variation in DNA Repair Capacity in Healthy Individuals.

Rare genetic DNA repair deficiency syndromes can lead to immunodeficiency, neurological disorders, and cancer. In the general population, inter-individual variation in DNA repair capacity (DRC) influences susceptibility to cancer and several age-related diseases. Genome wide association studies and functional analyses show that defects in multiple DNA repair pathways jointly increase disease risk, but previous technologies did not permit comprehensive analyses of DNA repair in populations.

Plasma microRNA signatures of aging and their links to health outcomes and mortality: findings from a population-based cohort study.

Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and show differential expression in various tissues with aging phenotypes. Detectable in circulation, extracellular microRNAs reflect (patho)physiological processes and hold promise as biomarkers for healthy aging and age-related diseases. This study aimed to explore plasma extracellular microRNAs as a biological aging indicator and their associations with health outcomes using population-level data.

Comparing Folic Acid Interventions and Arsenic Reduction Strategies for Neural Tube Defect Prevention in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Decision Analysis.

Background: Maternal intake of folic acid prevents most cases of neural tube defects (NTDs), and arsenic exposure may increase NTD risk. In Bangladesh, where arsenic exposures are high, understanding the potential impacts of arsenic reduction and folic acid-based interventions can guide decision-making.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of NTDs in Bangladesh.

Individual response to lifestyle interventions: a pooled analysis of three long-term weight loss trials.

Aims: We explored the manifestations of individual weight loss (WL) response to long-term lifestyle interventions on cardiometabolic risk.

Methods And Results: We pooled data from three large long-term lifestyle WL-intervention trials: 24-month DIRECT (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00160108; n = 322; 87% adherence), 18-month CENTRAL (ClinicalTrials.

Integration of proteomics with prospective birth cohort to elucidate early life origins of cardiometabolic diseases: rationale, study design, lab assay, and quality control.

There is growing evidence that the plasma proteome provides insights into personal health status at different stages of life. However, limited data are available on high-throughput proteomic studies in pediatric populations, especially, using prospective birth cohorts. We launched a proteomics study in 990 children from a US predominantly urban, low-income, multi-ethnic prospective Boston Birth Cohort (BBC, referred as "BBC proteomics study"), which aimed to leverage proteomics to investigate the biological pathways underlying the link between preterm birth and child long-term cardiometabolic health.

Multi-omics approach identifies gut microbiota variations associated with depression.

The gut microbiota plays a potential role in the pathophysiology of depression through the gut-brain axis. This cross-sectional study in 400 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study investigates the interplay between gut microbiota and depression using a multi-omics approach. Depression was defined as antidepressant use or high Beck Depression Inventory-II scores.

Plasma and Urine Metabolites Associated with Microperimetric Retinal Sensitivity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Background: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is the current gold standard of retinal function measurement but is not affected in early and intermediate forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Increasing evidence suggests that microperimetry is a sensitive measure of visual function. This study sought to analyze the associations between plasma and urine metabolites and microperimetry in AMD.

Assessing the causal effects of type 2 diabetes and obesity-related traits on COVID-19 severity.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity-related traits are highly comorbid with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but their causal relationships with disease severity remain unclear. While recent Mendelian randomization (MR) studies suggest a causal link between obesity-related traits and COVID-19 severity, findings regarding T2D are inconsistent, particularly when adjusting for body mass index (BMI). This study aims to clarify these relationships.

Epigenomic and proteomic analyses provide insights into early-life immune regulation and asthma development in infants.

Infants with severe bronchiolitis (i.e., bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization) face increased risks of respiratory diseases in childhood.

Optimal dietary patterns for healthy aging.

As the global population ages, it is critical to identify diets that, beyond preventing noncommunicable diseases, optimally promote healthy aging. Here, using longitudinal questionnaire data from the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2016) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2016), we examined the association of long-term adherence to eight dietary patterns and ultraprocessed food consumption with healthy aging, as assessed according to measures of cognitive, physical and mental health, as well as living to 70 years of age free of chronic diseases. After up to 30 years of follow-up, 9,771 (9.

A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts.

Metabolome-based biomarkers contribute to identify mechanisms of disease and to a better understanding of overall mortality. In a long-term follow-up subsample (n = 1878) of the PREDIMED trial, among 337 candidate baseline plasma metabolites repeatedly assessed at baseline and after 1 year, 38 plasma metabolites were identified as predictors of all-cause mortality. Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), homoarginine, serine, creatine, 1-methylnicotinamide and a set of sphingomyelins, plasmalogens, phosphatidylethanolamines and cholesterol esters were inversely associated with all-cause mortality, whereas plasma dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV), choline, short and long-chain acylcarnitines, 4-acetamidobutanoate, pseudouridine, 7-methylguanine, N6-acetyllysine, phenylacetylglutamine and creatinine were associated with higher mortality.

Association of plasma metabolites with treatment response after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Background/aims: To investigate the association between plasma metabolomic profiles and treatment response after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections in treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This is part of a prospective longitudinal study that included patients with treatment-naïve nAMD who have undergone three loading intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. All patients underwent ophthalmological examinations including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

Alcohol Intake, Drinking Pattern, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Three Prospective Cohorts of U.S. Women and Men.

Objective: Although the adverse effects of excessive alcohol consumption are well established, the association between light to moderate alcohol consumption (≤30 g ethanol per day) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains controversial and holds substantial public health implications. We aimed to examine the association of total alcohol intake and drinking pattern with T2D among three cohorts, Nurses' Health Study (NHS), Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS).

Research Design And Methods: Former regular drinkers were excluded from baseline nondrinkers.

Global vaccine research and application hotspots and trends: a systematic bibliometric analysis based on SCIE highly cited papers.

Objectives: COVID-19, a public health emergency affecting the world in 2019, not only greatly promoted the development and application of vaccines but also effectively shortened the publishing time of scientific papers. In view of these facts, the current situation, status, problems and development trends of vaccine research and application were explored through bibliometric analysis of highly cited papers in the vaccine field within the time frame of 2014-2024, and the countries, institutions, authors, funding agencies and other relevant information that contributed most to vaccine research and application were summarised.

Design: Bibliometric analysis through data analysis and visual mapping.

Brain phosphoproteomic analysis identifies diabetes-related substrates in Alzheimer's disease pathology in older adults.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Insulin signaling dysfunction exacerbates tau protein phosphorylation, a hallmark of AD pathology. However, the comprehensive impact of diabetes on patterns of AD-related phosphoprotein in the human brain remains underexplored.

Urinary tartaric acid as a biomarker of wine consumption and cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial.

Background And Aims: Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.

Drinking pattern and time lag of alcohol consumption with colorectal cancer risk in US men and women.

Background: Association between light to moderate alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence remains understudied, especially regarding drinking pattern, beverage type, and temporal aspects.

Methods: Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for time to CRC diagnosis were estimated among 137 710 participants. Estimates based on remote (eg, >10 years before follow-up) and recent (eg, the preceding 10 years before follow-up) alcohol intake, using different cutoffs (eg, 8, 10, 12 years) and mutual adjustment, enabled separating independent effects and investigating time lag of alcohol-CRC association.

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes of Different Doses Schedules of Thalidomide for Treating Moderate-to-Severe β-Thalassemia Patients.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of thalidomide by clinically observing 48 individuals with β-thalassemia who have been administered thalidomide in small and medium doses over a period of two years.

Methods: Thalidomide's efficacy was gauged by tracking hemoglobin (Hb) level alterations post its administration. Liver and kidney function impact was measured through tests for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine.

A uremic patient with autogenous arteriovenous fistula developed tension blisters after initial puncture.

Tension blisters usually occur in the presence of local swelling or excessive pressure. Tension blisters after puncture injury are relatively rare in uremic patients who use autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis treatment. In this report, the patient we reported developed tension blisters after the initial puncture injury.