A comprehensive stalagmite investigation distinguishing anthropogenic and natural signals in Madagascar between 1680 and 1860.

Disentangling anthropogenic from natural induced changes is difficult, but crucial to accurately assess the specific environmental impacts of humans' actions versus climate in the paleoclimate records. Here we combine a new set of proxies, including stable isotopes, element concentrations (mainly Mg, Sr, and U), and detailed mineralogy to better distinguish the impacts of these two factors in the stalagmite records. We studied the period between 1680 and 1860 CE because of the known historical events in Madagascar history (e.

The derivation of seawater quality criteria and ecological risk assessment of Tonalide.

AHTN (Tonalide) is one of the extensively utilized polycyclic musks (PMs), frequently detected in water ecosystem. It has detrimental impacts on aquatic life, posing a potential threat to marine ecosystems. Therefore, establishing water quality criteria (WQC) for AHTN is paramount for effectively controlling AHTN pollution.

An electrochemical sensor based on MWCNTs and a PCCN peroxidase-like nanocomposite for sensitive and selective kaempferol detection.

Kaempferol (KA) is a flavonoid with a range of biological properties, including antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory, and its extensive applications in biomedicine, food safety, and related fields underscore the importance of quantitative analysis for determining its concentration. In this study, an electrochemical sensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), PCN and chitosan (CS) was developed for the determination of KA. MWCNTs exhibit hydrophobicity and conductivity, and they are better dispersed by DMF and crosslinked with PCN, which further improves the electrode's response, selectivity and sensitivity to KA due to the peroxide-like properties of PCN.

Behavioral and multiomics analysis of 3D clinostat simulated microgravity effect in mice focusing on the central nervous system.

A study was conducted to evaluate the three-dimensional clinostat simulated microgravity effect on mouse models, focusing on the central nervous system. Eighteen mice were divided into three groups: control, survival box, and clinostat + survival box. Behavioral tests, femur micro-CT, brain transcriptomics, serum metabolomics, and fecal microbiomics were performed.

Research on the Application of Dynamic Process Correlation Based on Radar Data in Mine Slope Sliding Early Warning.

With the gradual expansion of mining scale in open-pit coal mines, slope safety problems are increasingly diversified and complicated. In order to reduce the potential loss caused by slope sliding and reduce the major threat to the safety of life and property of residents in the mining area, this study selected two mining areas in Xinjiang as cases and focused on the relationship between phase noise and deformation. The study predicts the specific time point of slope sliding by analyzing the dynamic history correlation tangent angle between the two.

Moisture availability and groundwater recharge paced by orbital forcing over the past 750,000 years in the southwestern USA.

Quaternary climate changes are driven in part by variations in the distribution and strength of insolation due to orbital parameters. Continental climate variability is well documented for the most recent glacial-interglacial cycles, yet few records extend further back in time. Such records are critically needed to comprehensively assess the entire spectrum of natural climate variability against the backdrop of anthropogenic warming.

Tau seeds from Alzheimer's disease brains trigger tau spread in macaques while oligomeric-Aβ mediates pathology maturation.

Introduction: The "prion-like" features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) tauopathy and its relationship with amyloid-β (Aβ) have never been experimentally studied in primates phylogenetically close to humans.

Methods: We injected 17 macaques in the entorhinal cortex with nanograms of seeding-competent tau aggregates purified from AD brains or control extracts from aged-matched healthy brains, with or without intracerebroventricular co-injections of oligomeric-Aβ.

Results: Pathological tau injection increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181 concentration after 18 months.

Holocene climate change in southern Oman deciphered by speleothem records and climate model simulations.

Qunf Cave oxygen isotope (δO) record from southern Oman is one of the most significant of few Holocene Indian summer monsoon cave records. However, the interpretation of the Qunf δO remains in dispute. Here we provide a multi-proxy record from Qunf Cave and climate model simulations to reconstruct the Holocene local and regional hydroclimate changes.

Degradation of NLRP3 by p62-dependent-autophagy improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease by maintaining the phagocytic function of microglia.

Background: Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines and induce pyroptosis, leading to impaired phagocytic and clearance functions of microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found that the autophagy-associated protein p62 interacts with NLRP3, which is the rate-limiting protein of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, we aimed to prove that the degradation of NLRP3 occurs through the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) and also demonstrate its effects on the function of microglia and pathological changes in AD.

Genetic Mapping of Behavioral Traits Using the Collaborative Cross Resource.

The complicated interactions between genetic background, environment and lifestyle factors make it difficult to study the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, such as cognition and anxiety levels, in humans. However, environmental and other factors can be tightly controlled in mouse studies. The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose common genetic and phenotypic diversity is on par with that of humans.

Longitudinal assessment of motor function following the unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesion model in mice.

Introduction: Despite the widespread use of the unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model in mice in recent years, the stability of behavioral deficits in the 6-OHDA striatal mouse model over time is not yet clear, raising concerns about using this model to evaluate a compound's long-term therapeutic effects.

Materials And Methods: In the current study, mice were tested at regular intervals in the cylinder test and gait analysis beginning 3 days after 6-OHDA injection of 4 and 8 μg and lasting until 56 days post-lesion. Apomorphine-induced rotational test and rotarod test were also performed on Day 23 and 43 post-lesion, respectively.

Hydroclimate variability in the Caribbean during North Atlantic Heinrich cooling events (H8 and H9).

We present a speleothem record from western Cuba, spanning the period 98.7-84.9 ka BP.

Distinct neuronal excitability alterations of medial prefrontal cortex in early-life neglect model of rats.

Object: Early-life neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system. In this work, we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of model rats.

Methods: Maternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early-life neglect.

Industrial equipment detection algorithm under complex working conditions based on ROMS R-CNN.

In the paper, we proposed a deep learning-based industrial equipment detection algorithm ROMS R-CNN (Rotation Occlusion Multi-Scale Region-CNN). It can solve the problem of inaccurate detection of industrial equipment under complex working conditions such as multi-scale ratio, rotation tilt, occlusion and overlap. The method proposed in this paper first is to construct the MobileNetV2 as the feature pyramid network, and then to combine high semantic information with high resolution information solved industrial equipment detection of different scales.

Soil Fungal Community in Grazed Inner Mongolian Grassland Adjacent to Coal-Mining Activity.

Coal mining results in reduced soil quality and makes environments less stable. Soil fungi are suitable indicators of soil quality for monitoring purposes. Here, the objective was therefore to investigate the effects of grazing and mining on the composition of the soil fungal community at the periphery of an opencast coal-mine dump in the Shengli mining area, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia.

Microarray microRNA profiling of urinary exosomes in a 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, without a clear pathogenesis. Therefore, identification of candidates before amyloid-β plaque (Aβ) deposition proceeds is of major significance for earlier intervention in AD.

Methods: To explore the potential noninvasive earlier biomarkers of AD in a 5XFAD mouse model, microRNAs (miRNAs) from urinary exosomes in 1-month-old pre-Aβ accumulation 5XFAD mice models and their littermate controls were profiled by microarray analysis.

LianXia Formula Granule Attenuates Cardiac Sympathetic Remodeling in Rats with Myocardial Infarction via the NGF/TrKA/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Sympathetic remodeling may cause severe arrhythmia after myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, targeting this process may be an effective strategy for clinical prevention of arrhythmias. LianXia Formula Granule (LXFG) can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with arrhythmia after MI, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that and , the components of LXFG, have antiarrhythmia effects.

Comparison of the expression and toxicity of AAV2/9 carrying the human A53T α-synuclein gene in presence or absence of WPRE.

Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Post-transcriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) is thought to enhance transgene expression of target genes delivered by adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. This study assessed the protein expression of α-synuclein, phosphorylated α-synuclein at Serine 129, extent of nigrostriatal degeneration as well as subsequent behavioral deficits induced by unilateral intranigral stereotactic injection in male adult C57BL/6J mice of an AAV2/9 expressing A53T human α-synuclein under the control of the synapsin promoter in presence or absence of the WPRE. The presence of WPRE enabled to achieve greater nigrostriatal degeneration and synucleinopathy which was concomitant with worsened forelimb use asymmetry.

Early-Life Neglect Alters Emotional and Cognitive Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner and Reduces Glutamatergic Neuronal Excitability in the Prefrontal Cortex.

Early-life neglect in critical developmental periods has been associated with emotional and cognitive consequences. Maternal separation (MS) has been commonly used as a rodent model to identify the developmental effects of child neglect. However, reports have shown considerable variability in behavioral results from MS studies in both mice and rats.

Evaluation of blood flow as a route for propagation in experimental synucleinopathy.

In Parkinson's disease, synucleinopathy is hypothesized to spread from the enteric nervous system, via the vagus nerve, to the central nervous system. Recent evidences collected in non-human primates challenge however the hypothesis of a transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology through the vagus nerve. Would the hypothesis whereby the bloodstream acts as a route for long-distance transmission of pathological α-syn hold true, an inter-individual transmission of synucleinopathy could occur via blood contact.

Comprehensive Proteomic Profiling of Urinary Exosomes and Identification of Potential Non-invasive Early Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in 5XFAD Mouse Model.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by irreversible progressive cognitive deficits. Identification of candidate biomarkers, before amyloid-β-plaque deposition occurs, is therefore of great importance for early intervention of AD.

Objective: To investigate the potential non-invasive early biomarkers of AD in 5XFAD mouse model, we investigate the proteome of urinary exosomes present in 1-month-old (before amyloid-β accumulation) 5XFAD mouse models and their littermate controls.