Pseudouridine synthase 1-targeted therapy activates antiviral immunity to boost cancer immunotherapy.

Pseudouridine is the most abundant epitranscriptomic modification, but its cellular functions remain poorly understood. Here, we identify pseudouridine synthase 1 (PUS1) as a key driver of tumor immune evasion. Specifically, we find that PUS1 is aberrantly overexpressed in tumors and correlates with tumor malignant progression.

Key volatile off-flavor compounds identification in chicken meat and deodorizing effects of polyphenol and spice extracts.

This study identified key volatile off-flavor compounds in chicken meat. Flavor compounds were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-O-MS). Eighteen volatile flavor compounds (odor activity values ≥1, flavor intensity ≥2) in various chicken meat were found, and green leg chicken has the highest number of selected flavor compounds (14).

Native and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles naturally released from cells, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication. They modulate gene expression and regulate physiological and pathological processes, including acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Research has shown that EVs contain a variety of active components, are biocompatible and small in size, and do not trigger immune rejection, making the infusion of exogenous EVs a promising therapeutic tool.

Effects of heat treatment on the binding between the key aroma-active compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil and pork myofibrillar proteins (MPs).

The mechanism underlying effective binding between the aroma compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil and pork, especially during heating, remains unclear, restricting accurate regulation of numbing flavor in meat dishes. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of heating on the binding between pork myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and four key aroma-active compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil and the related mechanism. Results showed that higher temperatures within 70-90 °C induced larger particle sizes and zeta potential values of MPs while reducing endogenous fluorescence.

Effects of salt substitute and Nisin on the flavor development of salt-reduced Pixian douban (broad bean paste).

The high salt content in Pixian douban (PXDB) poses potential health risks. Therefore, this study proposed a salt substitute combined with Nisin to partially replace salt during mold petal fermentation. The effects of different salt-reducing strategies on microbial safety, physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics, and nonvolatile and volatile flavor compounds were systematically investigated.

Enhancing yield and quality: research and practice of agro-forest waste for (shiitake mushroom) cultivation.

Introduction: Current research primarily focuses on exploring and developing innovative substrates for cultivating , aiming to address substrate shortages and the continuous rise in production costs.

Methods: This study uses (oak) sawdust (OS) as a control to evaluate the potential of (KP), (seabuckthorn) pruning (HRP), and (goji) pruning (LBP) in the cultivation of by measuring parameters such as mycelium growth, yield, protein, fat, fiber, amino acids, soluble sugars, and organic acids. Furthermore, principal component analysis and official script function analysis were used to investigate the influence of the matrix formula ratio on the nutritional values of shiitake mushrooms.

Targeting KMT5C Suppresses Lung Cancer Progression and Enhances the Efficacy of Immunotherapy.

The immune evasion is one major challenge for cancer immunotherapy. Despite considerable advancements in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies for the advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, only a minority of patients receive long-term survival benefit. Here, this work demonstrates that lysine methyltransferase 5C (KMT5C) is a crucial promoter of the NSCLC progression and immune evasion.

Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate sulfur mustard-induced lung injury by regulating apoptosis via miR-146a-5p.

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an extremely toxic chemical warfare agent. Although SM-induced toxicity has long been studied, due to its complexity, the characterization of the precise molecular pathway it targets has been remaining an ongoing area of research. Extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSC-EVs) are natural substances that participate in intercellular communication by delivering microRNA to target cells.

Clonal landscape of autoantibody-secreting plasmablasts in COVID-19 patients.

Whereas severe COVID-19 is often associated with elevated autoantibody titers, the underlying mechanism behind their generation has remained unclear. Here we report clonal composition and diversity of autoantibodies in humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. Immunoglobulin repertoire analysis and characterization of plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies uncovered clonal expansion of plasmablasts producing cardiolipin (CL)-reactive autoantibodies.

Robust detection of infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer from the paratope networks of adaptive immune receptors.

Liquid biopsies based on peripheral blood offer a minimally invasive alternative to solid tissue biopsies for the detection of diseases, primarily cancers. However, such tests currently consider only the serum component of blood, overlooking a potentially rich source of biomarkers: adaptive immune receptors (AIRs) expressed on circulating B and T cells. Machine learning-based classifiers trained on AIRs have been reported to accurately identify not only cancers but also autoimmune and infectious diseases as well.

Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 promotes PD-L1 stability to drive immune evasion and directs liver cancer to immunotherapy.

Background And Aims: The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in cancer progression and immunotherapy response. Despite the considerable advancements in cancer immunotherapy, the limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge for its clinical implications. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of the protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) that drives HCC immune evasion and explored a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing ICB efficacy.

Evaluation of perceptual interactions between key aldehydes in Kung Pao Chicken.

Aldehydes are the strongest and most abundant aromatic compounds in Kung Pao Chicken. However, the perceptual interactions between these aldehydes are not fully understood. Therefore, the flavor contribution of nine key aldehydes was estimated by determining thresholds.

Endothelium-Derived Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Protect the Pulmonary Endothelial Barrier in Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe respiratory disease with a high mortality rate. The integrity of the pulmonary endothelial barrier influences the development and prognosis of ALI. Therefore, it has become an important target for ALI treatment.

KDM6A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and dictates lenvatinib efficacy by upregulating FGFR4 expression.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of death from cancer and has a very poor prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. Despite the approval of lenvatinib for the treatment of patients suffering from advanced HCC, only a small number of patients can benefit from this targeted therapy.

Methods: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-CCL4 mouse liver tumour and the xenograft tumour models were used to evaluate the function of KDM6A in HCC progression.

In Vitro Affinity Maturation of Nanobodies against Mpox Virus A29 Protein Based on Computer-Aided Design.

Mpox virus (MPXV), the most pathogenic zoonotic orthopoxvirus, caused worldwide concern during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Growing evidence suggests that the MPXV surface protein A29 could be a specific diagnostic marker for immunological detection. In this study, a fully synthetic phage display library was screened, revealing two nanobodies (A1 and H8) that specifically recognize A29.

Histone methyltransferase KMT5C drives liver cancer progression and directs therapeutic response to PARP inhibitors.

Background And Aims: Epigenetic plasticity is a major challenge in cancer-targeted therapy. However, the molecular basis governing this process has not yet been clearly defined. Despite the considerable success of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in cancer therapy, the limited response to PARPi, especially in HCC, has been a bottleneck in its clinical implications.

High performance of visible-light driven hydrogen production over graphdiyne (g-CH)/MOF S-scheme heterojunction.

Among carbon allotropes, 2D graphdiyne (GDY) possesses the merits of good ductility, strong conductivity and an adjustable energy band structure. In this study, a GDY/ZnCo-ZIF S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst has been successfully prepared by a low-temperature mixing method. Using eosin as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine as a solvent, the hydrogen production of the GDY/ZnCo-ZIF-0.

FAP-targeted CAR-T suppresses MDSCs recruitment to improve the antitumor efficacy of claudin18.2-targeted CAR-T against pancreatic cancer.

Purpose: The claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) antigen is frequently expressed in malignant tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Screening of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms in cold environment and their effects on the growth of .

To screen out phosphorus solubilizing strains that can adapt to cold climate in Qinghai Province, , , , , , and were screened with solid plate medium as the primary and liquid medium as the secondary screening, with calcium phosphate, lecithin, and phytic acid as the single source of phosphorus. By comprehensively comparing the size of phosphate solubilizing circle in the solid plate medium and the soluble phosphorus content in the liquid medium, three strains of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with good phosphate solubilizing effects were screened, , , and . The three phosphate solubilizing bacteria were made into liquid ino-culants, and the small rapeseed pot experiment was carried out with two soils with different fertilities in a cold climate in September.

AbAdapt: an adaptive approach to predicting antibody-antigen complex structures from sequence.

Motivation: The scoring of antibody-antigen docked poses starting from unbound homology models has not been systematically optimized for a large and diverse set of input sequences.

Results: To address this need, we have developed AbAdapt, a webserver that accepts antibody and antigen sequences, models their 3D structures, predicts epitope and paratope, and then docks the modeled structures using two established docking engines (Piper and Hex). Each of the key steps has been optimized by developing and training new machine-learning models.

The evolution of structural genomics.

Structural genomics began as a global effort in the 1990s to determine the tertiary structures of all protein families as a response to large-scale genome sequencing projects. The immediate outcome was an influx of tens of thousands of protein structures, many of which had unknown functions. At the time, the value of structural genomics was controversial.

Landscape of infection enhancing antibodies in COVID-19 and healthy donors.

To assess the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population, we searched over 64 million heavy chain antibody sequences from healthy unvaccinated, healthy BNT162b2 vaccinated and COVID-19 patient repertoires for sequences similar to 11 previously reported enhancing antibodies. Although the distribution of sequence identities was similar in all three groups of repertoires, the COVID-19 and healthy vaccinated hits were significantly more clonally expanded than healthy unvaccinated hits. Furthermore, among the tested hits, 17 out of 94 from COVID-19 and 9 out of 59 from healthy vaccinated, compared with only 2 out of 96 from healthy unvaccinated, bound to the enhancing epitope.