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This study identified key volatile off-flavor compounds in chicken meat. Flavor compounds were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-O-MS). Eighteen volatile flavor compounds (odor activity values ≥1, flavor intensity ≥2) in various chicken meat were found, and green leg chicken has the highest number of selected flavor compounds (14). These 14 compounds were individually incorporated into a flavorless chicken matrix and quantitatively analyzed by GC × GC-MS. Thirteen key flavor compounds were determined and further validated through recombination and omission experiments. Six key off-flavor compounds, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanal, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, dodecanal, were identified. Besides, polyphenol and spice extracts significantly reduced off-flavors in chicken, particularly tea polyphenol. It decreased thiobarbituric acid (TBA) levels and off-flavor values of chicken meat by 90.6 % and 55.6 %, as well as the concentration of 6 key off-flavor compounds ( < 0.05).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102659 | DOI Listing |
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf
September 2025
School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
Introducing underutilized legumes as plant-based protein sources to daily meals is an approach to address the increasing demand for alternative proteins. However, legumes often exhibit off-flavors and aromas, causing negative consumer perceptions. Lupins are an underutilized legume that is becoming popular as a plant protein source due to their high protein, fiber, and low starch contents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Agric Food Chem
September 2025
Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
The Sensomics approach, including activity-guided fractionation and taste dilution analysis, was employed to identify the key compounds responsible for the bitter off-taste of sunflower press cake. A combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, one-/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and dose-overthreshold factor calculation led to the identification of 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid, 9,10,11-trihydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid, 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (10,12)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-hydroxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, (9,11)-13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid, α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, 2-hydroxyoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and novel pinocarveol β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-(4--caffeoyl) glucopyranoside as contributors to the bitterness of sunflower press cake. The findings provide valuable insights into the sensory challenges associated with using sunflower press cake in food applications and offer pathways to enhance its palatability and potential as a sustainable protein alternative to meet future protein demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
August 2025
Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Open microbial communities play vital roles in many engineered systems, providing essential ecosystem services but also posing operational challenges. In recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs), microbial activity is crucial for water purification, yet it can also lead to the accumulation of taste-and-odor compounds that compromise fish quality. In a recent study, Södergren et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem X
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Cold Chain Logistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Gas chromatography-electronic nose (GC-E-Nose), gc-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and gc-olfactory-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) techniques, along with odor recombination and omission experiments, were employed to characterize the off-flavors in commercially available ready-to-heat roasted catfish after reheating. A total of 19 (DR), 11 (HR), and 21 (YR) characteristic compounds were identified across the three samples. The 19 characteristic compounds from the DR group were reconstituted to develop recombination and omission models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
August 2025
School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
The large yellow croaker () is susceptible to microbial contamination during storage due to its high protein and moisture contents. This study was designed to find a new way to reduce bacteria in large yellow croakers by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with nano-bubble (NB) technology. Exploring the effects of available chlorine concentration (ACC), processing time, and water temperature on the bacteria reduction effect of the SAEW-NB treatment for large yellow croakers.
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