The structure of a thermostable phage's portal vertex and neck complex illuminates the headful maturation mechanism.

Viruses assemble from component parts inside their host cells, but the mechanisms coordinating this complex process are not completely understood. In tailed bacteriophages, the genome is packaged into its capsid shell through the portal complex. The portal complex then closes to retain DNA and connects to the tail, which is required for host recognition and infection.

NMOD: A Multi-Dimensional Omics Database for Disease Resistance Research in Nicotiana.

High-throughput sequencing has generated extensive omics data for Nicotiana species, a key model genus in the Solanaceae family. However, fragmented data and limited cross-species integration in current databases hinder the identification of disease-resistant genes and germplasm innovation. To address these challenges, we developed Nicotiana Multi-Dimensional Omics Database (http://biodb.

Mouse radial spoke 3 is a metabolic and regulatory hub in cilia.

Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that have important roles in cell sensing, signaling and motility. Recent studies have revealed the atomic structures of many multicomponent ciliary complexes, elucidating their mechanisms of action. However, little is known about the structure, proteome and function of full-length radial spoke 3 (RS3), a conserved complex that transmits mechanochemical signals to coordinate ciliary motility.

Population Genomics Provides Insights Into Genomic Features of Inbreeding Depression in .

, a predatory insect renowned for its prey diversity in East Asia, is effective in controlling agricultural and forestry pests. However, after introducing field populations into indoor subcultures, features of inbreeding depression have surfaced within these populations. Clarifying the molecular genetic mechanism of inbreeding depression of is of great significance for its population protection.

The cryo-EM structure of mouse radial spoke 3 reveals a unique metabolic and regulatory hub in cilia.

Cilia are complex, microtubule-based organelles that protrude from many eukaryotic cells and have important roles in sensing, signaling, and motility. Recent studies have revealed the atomic structures of many multi-component ciliary complexes, providing new insights into their mechanisms of action that are vital for cilia's biological functions. However, little is known about the structure, proteome, and function of full-length radial spoke 3 (RS3), which is distinct from the structurally well-characterized RS1 and RS2.

Decoding G-Quadruplexes Sequence in : Regulatory Region Enrichment, Drought Stress Adaptation, and Sugar-Acid Metabolism Modulation.

G-quadruplexes play a crucial role in transcription, translation, and DNA replication in plant genomes. Here, we comprehensively examined the prevalence and functions of G-quadruplexes in . A total of 467,813 G-quadruplexes were identified in grapevine genome, with enrichment in the promoter (0.

Virion-associated influenza hemagglutinin clusters upon sialic acid binding visualized by cryoelectron tomography.

Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses covered in a dense layer of glycoproteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) accounts for 80 to 90% of influenza glycoprotein and plays a role in host cell binding and membrane fusion. While previous studies have characterized structures of purified receptor-free and receptor-bound HA, the effect of receptor binding on HA organization and structure on virions remains unknown.

Revealing novel insights into the improvement of greenhouse tea quality through exogenous substance interventions using targeted and untargeted metabolomics and microbial community analyses.

Tea quality in greenhouse was certain gap with open air. Metabolites and foliar microorganisms were investigated under seaweed fertiliser (CF) and gibberellin (CH) treatments using sensory evaluation, HPLC, untargeted metabolomics, 16S rDNA, and Internal Transcribed Spacer. CF tea was mellow, less astringent, and of better quality compared to CH.

Lipoprotein(a) levels and cardiovascular mortality risk in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Purpose: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. However, its impact on CVD mortality among Chinese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has not been fully established. This study aimed to evaluate the association between Lp(a) levels and both CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in this population.

The crystal and cryo-EM structures of PLCγ2 reveal dynamic interdomain recognitions in autoinhibition.

Phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) plays important roles in cell signaling downstream of various membrane receptors. PLCγ2 contains a multidomain inhibitory region critical for its regulation, while it has remained unclear how these domains contribute to PLCγ2 activity modulation. Here we determined three structures of human PLCγ2 in autoinhibited states, which reveal dynamic interactions at the autoinhibition interface, involving the conformational flexibility of the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain in the inhibitory region, and its previously unknown interaction with a carboxyl-terminal helical domain in the core region.

Virion-associated influenza hemagglutinin clusters upon sialic acid binding visualized by cryo-electron tomography.

Influenza viruses are enveloped, negative sense single-stranded RNA viruses covered in a dense layer of glycoproteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) accounts for 80-90% of influenza glycoprotein and plays a role in host cell binding and membrane fusion. While previous studies have characterized structures of receptor-free and receptor-bound HA in vitro, the effect of receptor binding on HA organization and structure on virions remains unknown.

Structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis efflux pump EfpA reveal the mechanisms of transport and inhibition.

As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Here we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.

DNA methylation and whole-genome transcription analysis in CD4 T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with or without renal damage.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common cause of kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and is associated with increased mortality. DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, has been reported as a key player in the pathogenesis of SLE. Hence, our article aimed to explore DNA methylation in CD4 T cells from LNs to identify additional potential biomarkers and pathogenic genes involved in the progression of LN.

Microbial Community Shifts in Tea Plant Rhizosphere under Seawater Stress: Enrichment of Beneficial Taxa.

Seawater intrusion has a significant impact on the irrigation quality of agricultural water, thereby posing a threat to plant growth and development. We hypothesized that the rhizosphere of tea plants harbors beneficial microorganisms, which may improve the tolerance of tea plants to seawater stress. This study utilized 16s and ITS techniques to analyze microbial community shifts in the tea plant rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere under seawater stress conditions.

The Characterization of G-Quadruplexes in Tobacco Genome and Their Function under Abiotic Stress.

Tobacco is an ideal model plant in scientific research. G-quadruplex is a guanine-rich DNA structure, which regulates transcription and translation. In this study, the prevalence and potential function of G-quadruplexes in tobacco were systematically analyzed.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NF-Y gene family in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) gene family is an important transcription factor composed of three subfamilies of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC, which is involved in plant growth, development and stress response. In this study, 63 tobacco NF-Y genes (NtNF-Ys) were identified in Nicotiana tabacum L., including 17 NtNF-YAs, 30 NtNF-YBs and 16 NtNF-YCs.

Structural basis of respiratory complexes adaptation to cold temperatures.

In response to cold, mammals activate brown fat for respiratory-dependent thermogenesis reliant on the electron transport chain (1, 2). Yet, the structural basis of respiratory complex adaptation to cold remains elusive. Herein we combined thermoregulatory physiology and cryo-EM to study endogenous respiratory supercomplexes exposed to different temperatures.

Structures of the essential efflux pump EfpA from reveal the mechanisms of substrate transport and small-molecule inhibition.

As the first identified multidrug efflux pump in (), EfpA is an essential protein and promising drug target. However, the functional and inhibitory mechanisms of EfpA are poorly understood. Herein we report cryo-EM structures of EfpA in outward-open conformation, either bound to three endogenous lipids or the inhibitor BRD-8000.

Polyploid Genome Assembly Provides Insights into Morphological Development and Ascorbic Acid Accumulation of .

() (2 = 4 = 52) is one of the most popular functional leafy vegetables in South and Southeast Asia. With its rich nutritional and pharmaceutical values, it has traditionally had widespread use for dietary and herbal purposes. Here, the genome of was sequenced and assembled, revealing a genome size of 1.

Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Promotes the Understanding of Adventitious Root Formation in Oliver.

As a primary approach to nutrient propagation for many woody plants, cutting roots is essential for the breeding and production of Oliver. In this study, hormone level, transcriptomics, and metabolomics analyses were performed on two varieties with different adventitious root (AR) formation abilities. The higher JA level on the 0th day and the lower JA level on the 18th day promoted superior AR development.

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing Sites Identification and Multi-Elements Association Analysis in .

CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient genome-editing tool, and the identification of editing sites and potential influences in the genome have not been investigated. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to characterise the genome including editing sites, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), G-quadruplexes (GQ), gene density, and their relationships. A total of 248,134,838 potential editing sites were identified in the genome, and five PAM types, AGG, TGG, CGG, GGG, and NGG, were observed, of which 66,665,912 were found to be specific, and they were present in all structural elements of the genes.

Application of Multi-Perspectives in Tea Breeding and the Main Directions.

Tea plants are an economically important crop and conducting research on tea breeding contributes to enhancing the yield and quality of tea leaves as well as breeding traits that satisfy the requirements of the public. This study reviews the current status of tea plants germplasm resources and their utilization, which has provided genetic material for the application of multi-omics, including genomics and transcriptomics in breeding. Various molecular markers for breeding were designed based on multi-omics, and available approaches in the direction of high yield, quality and resistance in tea plants breeding are proposed.