Robust Polyp Detection and Diagnosis through Compositional Prompt-Guided Diffusion Models.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, and early detection through screening plays a critical role in reducing mortality. While deep learning models have shown promise in improving polyp detection, classification, and segmentation, their generalization across diverse clinical environments, particularly with out-of-distribution (OOD) data, remains a challenge. Multi-center datasets like PolypGen have been developed to address these issues, but their collection is costly and time-consuming.

Correlations of Serum Retinol-Binding Protein and Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 with Renal Function in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Background: The aim is to investigate the correlations of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) with renal function in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: A total of 438 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated from October 2017 to October 2020 were enrolled in this prospective study and divided into simple T2DM and DKD groups. According to urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), DKD patients were divided into moderate, severe, and nephrotic groups.

Combination of Chinese herbal medicine and conventional western medicine for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plus conventional western medicine (CWM) in comparison with CWM against COVID-19.

Methods: We searched eight electronic databases and three trial registers spanning from January 1, 2020 to May 18, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness and safety of CHM plus CWM and CWM against COVID-19 in our study.

Enhanced Microcystis Aeruginosa removal and novel flocculation mechanisms using a novel continuous co-coagulation flotation (CCF).

Co-coagulation flotation (CCF) is a novel flotation technology that renders more efficient algal removal compared to traditional mechanical coagulation flotation (MCF) due to a short residence time (< 30 s) and fast rising behavior of algal flocs (> 250 m·h). This study compared the algal removal performance using continuous CCF and MCF using water samples taken from Lake Dianchi with severe Microcystis aeruginosa blooms. Removal efficiency, dosage of coagulant/flocculant, rising velocity and structural characteristics of the resulting flocs in the two processes were systematically compared.

Anti-Inflammatory Anthranilate Analogue Enhances Autophagy through mTOR and Promotes ER-Turnover through TEX264 during Alzheimer-Associated Neuroinflammation.

Autophagy degrades impaired organelles and toxic proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagy is a pathogenic participant in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. In early-stage AD, autophagy is beneficially initiated by mild endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to alleviate cellular damage and inflammation.

Smoothened is a therapeutic target for reducing glutamate toxicity in ischemic stroke.

Extracellular glutamate contributes to brain damage in ischemia. Under physiological conditions, glutamate transporters are responsible for regulating its intracellular/extracellular concentrations in the brain. However, how the extracellular glutamate is regulated in ischemia remains unclear.

Furosemide as a Probe Molecule for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.

The accumulation and deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) is one postulated cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to its direct toxicity on neurons, Aβ may induce neuroinflammation through the concomitant activation of microglia. Emerging evidence suggests that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Functional Characterization of Gene Family in Grapevine ( L.) Revealing their Role in Berry Ripening.

The glycogen synthase kinase 3/shaggy kinase (GSK3) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in brassinosteroid signaling, abiotic stress responses, cell division, and elongation, etc. In this study, we characterized seven grape GSK3 genes, showing high similarities with homologs from other species including , white pear, apple, orange, and peach. Gene chip microarray data derived from an online database revealed very diverse developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns of .

[Experimental study on loading naringin composite scaffolds for repairing rabbit osteochondral defects].

Objective: To investigate the performance of loading naringin composite scaffolds and its effects on repair of osteochondral defects.

Methods: The loading naringin and unloading naringin sustained release microspheres were prepared by W/O/W method; with the materials of the attpulgite and the collagen type I, the loading naringin, unloading naringin, and loading transforming growth factor β (TGF-β ) osteochondral composite scaffolds were constructed respectively by "3 layers sandwich method". The effect of sustained-release of loading naringin microspheres, the morphology of the composite scaffolds, and the biocompatibility were evaluated respectively by releasing , scanning electron microscope, and cell counting kit 8.

TRPC Channels and Stroke.

TRPC channels play important roles in neuronal death/survival in ischemic stroke, vasospasm in hemorrhagic stroke, thrombin-induced astrocyte pathological changes, and also in the initiation of stroke by affecting blood pressure and atherogenesis. TRPCs' unique channel characters and downstream pathways make them possible new targets for stroke therapy. TRPC proteins have different functions in different cell types.

Canonical transient receptor potential 3 channels regulate mitochondrial calcium uptake.

Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is fundamental to regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. It has been known for decades that isolated mitochondria can take up Ca(2+) from the extramitochondrial solution, but the molecular identity of the Ca(2+) channels involved in this action is largely unknown. Here, we show that a fraction of canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3) channels is localized to mitochondria, a significant fraction of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake that relies on extramitochondrial Ca(2+) concentration is TRPC3-dependent, and the up- and down-regulation of TRPC3 expression in the cell influences the mitochondrial membrane potential.

TRPC6 inhibited NMDA receptor activities and protected neurons from ischemic excitotoxicity.

Excitotoxicity induced by NMDA receptor-mediated intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ](i)) overload is a major cause of delayed neuronal death in cerebral ischemia. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6 protects neurons from ischemic brain damage. However, the mechanisms by which TRPC6 protects neurons are largely unknown.

Inhibition of TRPC6 degradation suppresses ischemic brain damage in rats.

Brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia, the most common cause of stroke, develops from a series of pathological processes, including excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. While NMDA receptors have been implicated in excitotoxicity, attempts to prevent ischemic brain damage by blocking NMDA receptors have been disappointing. Disruption of neuroprotective pathways may be another avenue responsible for ischemic damage, and thus preservation of neuronal survival may be important for prevention of ischemic brain injury.

Study of tauopathies by comparing Drosophila and human tau in Drosophila.

The microtubule-binding protein tau has been investigated for its contribution to various neurodegenerative disorders. However, the findings from transgenic studies, using the same tau transgene, vary widely among different laboratories. Here, we have investigated the potential mechanisms underlying tauopathies by comparing Drosophila (d-tau) and human (h-tau) tau in a Drosophila model.