Metabolite Profiling of Guipi Pill Using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and Determination of the Pharmacokinetics of its Major Prototype Components.

Guipi Pill (GPP), a classic traditional formula used to treat anxiety disorders, demonstrates significant pharmacological activity. However, research on its pharmacodynamic material basis remains limited. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS was used to systematically analyze the metabolites of GPP in the blood, urine, bile, and feces of rats after oral administration and elucidate its in vivo metabolic processes.

Tunable unidirectional large-area surface magnetoplasmons in a stratified waveguide.

Large-area unidirectional modes have attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in wave manipulation; however, most implementations are constrained by poor adjustment capability or narrow operating bandwidth, since minor structural parameter changes may significantly affect the one-way propagation range. In this work, we propose and investigate a robust and broadband unidirectional large-area surface magnetoplasmon (LSMP) mode in a stratified waveguide consisting of magnetized yttrium iron-garnet, air, and -negative materials. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the electric field with uniform amplitude and a nearly flat phase profile can be achieved in the tunable one-way range by adjusting the filling ratio of -negative materials.

Flourishing chemosynthetic life at the greatest depths of hadal trenches.

Hadal trenches, some of the Earth's least explored and understood environments, have long been proposed to harbour chemosynthesis-based communities. Despite increasing attention, actual documentation of such communities has been exceptionally rare. Here we report the discovery of the deepest and the most extensive chemosynthesis-based communities known to exist on Earth during an expedition to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and the western Aleutian Trench using the manned submersible Fendouzhe.

2D-Seed-Induced Crystallization Strategy Contributes to Blade-Coating FAPbI-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI)-based perovskites are promising photoabsorber materials owing to their optimal bandgap and excellent photothermal stability. However, their complex crystallization behavior during blade-coating presents challenges for scalable fabrication, leading to poor perovskite film morphology and uniformity, which adversely affect the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) perovskite seed layer was introduced onto the SnO electron transport layer within a conventional n-i-p device architecture.

Characterizing the complete mitogenome of Amin, Heckman & Ha, 2011 (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchida: Arhythmacanthidae) and its mitochondrial phylogeny.

Amin, Heckman & Ha, 2011 is a parasitic acanthocephalan, with Lacepède, 1802 identified as a new definitive host. We sequenced and annotated its complete mitochondrial genome, which spans 16,560 bp and contains 36 genes, including 22 tRNAs, 12 PCGs and 2 rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of and its current taxonomic status.

Nanograin-Twin-Nanograin Alternating Composite Structure Enable Improved Cross-Interface Cu─Cu Bonding at Low Thermal Budgets.

Chip stacking using through-silicon via (TSV) and direct copper-to-copper (Cu─Cu) bonding technology has emerged as a superior solution to overcome the limitations of Moore's law. However, conventional approaches face a fundamental trade-off: coarse-grained Cu requires high bonding temperatures (>300 °C), while nanograined Cu is unstable and tends to coarsen even at room temperature after electroplating. Here, this paradigm is broken through a unique composite copper (comp-Cu) architecture featuring alternating nanograin (ng─Cu) and (111)-oriented nanotwin (nt─Cu) domains.

Validation and clinical application of 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria for Takayasu arteritis in a large Chinese cohort.

Objective: To validate the performance of the 2022 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis (TAK) in a China cohort and examine its performance in clinical practices.

Methods: 778 patients with TAK and 378 patients with non-TAK were included. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, and AUC of the 2022 ACR/EULAR and 1990 ACR criteria were assessed.

Radical p-Doping Spiro-OMeTAD for Efficient, Stable and Self-Healing Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells.

Spiro-OMeTAD is the primary hole transport material (HTM) for high-efficiency and stable flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs). However, the slow oxidation rate and susceptibility to film cracking under stress in Spiro-OMeTAD lead to reduced device stability and efficiency. In this paper, a multi-functional novel self-healing nitroxide radical monomer, 4-[[5-(1,2-dithiolane-3-yl)-1-oxopentyl]amino]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (DT-TEMPO), has been introduced to address these challenges.

Micro-Nano Fractal Metal Grids as Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Metal mesh-based transparent electrodes possess several notable advantages, including exceptional flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and excellent light transmittance, making them the focus of increasing research interest. However, their widespread application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a significant challenge due to the susceptibility of the metal grids to corrosion and their inherently rough surface. In this study, we report environmentally stable, low surface roughness transparent conductive electrodes by integrated micro-nano fractal metal grid transparent conductive electrodes (MNF-TCEs) and PH1000.

Improved Grain Boundary Reconstruction Method Based on Channel Attention Mechanism.

The grain size of metal materials has a significant impact on their macroscopic properties. However, original metallographic images often suffer from issues such as substantial noise, missing grain boundaries, low contrast, and blurred edges. These challenges hinder the accurate extraction of complete grain boundaries, limiting the precision of grain size measurement and material performance prediction.

Dynamic Reconstruction of Fluid Interface Manipulated by Fluid Balancing Agent for Scalable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Laboratory-scale spin-coating techniques are widely employed for fabricating small-size, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, achieving large-area, high-uniformity perovskite films and thus high-efficiency solar cell devices remain challenging due to the complex fluid dynamics and drying behaviors of perovskite precursor solutions during large-area fabrication processes. In this work, a high-quality, pinhole-free, large-area FAPbI perovskite film is successfully obtained via scalable blade-coating technology, assisted by a novel bidirectional Marangoni convection strategy.

The application value of targeted next-generation sequencing using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples in community-acquired pneumonia in children.

Background: The precise identification of pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is essential for effective treatment. However, the performance of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) in the detection of pathogens associated with CAP in children remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, 216 children diagnosed with CAP were enrolled, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples underwent detection through tNGS, culture, and multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

bcIRF5 activates bcTBK1 phosphorylation to enhance PANoptosis during GCRV infection.

TBK1 is an important IFN antiviral signalling factor, and in previous work black carp TBK1 (bcTBK1) and black carp IRF5 (bcIRF5) together promoted cell death in GCRV-infected cells. In this research, bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 were investigated both in vivo and in vitro to delineate their individual and combined functions. This study demonstrated that both bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 expressions were modulated in response to GCRV infection across the intestine, gill, kidney and spleen.

Integrated serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics to clarify the effective components and pharmacological mechanisms of the proprietary Chinese medicine Jinkui Shenqi Pill in treating kidney yang deficiency syndrome.

The proprietary Chinese medicine Jinkui Shenqi Pill (PCM-JKSQP) is a classic compound used for the effective clinical treatment of kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS), a metabolic disease accompanied by kidney injury. However, its active ingredients and therapeutic mechanisms are not clear. This study employed serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics (PK) to identify the bioactive components of PCM-JKSQP and preliminarily clarify its mechanism in treating KYDS.

Niclosamide subacute exposure alters the immune response and microbiota of the gill and gut in black carp larvae, Mylopharyngodon piceus.

Niclosamide (NIC) is a commonly used insecticide and molluscicide in the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in fish. The utilization of NIC has the potential to disrupt the microbial community present on the mucosal tissue of fish, leading to localized inflammatory responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of NIC on the immune system and bacterial populations within the gill and gut of Mylopharyngodon piceus.

Investigating Immunotoxicity in Black Carp () Fingerlings Exposed to Niclosamide.

Niclosamide (NIC) is a potent salicylanilide molluscicide/helminthicide commonly utilized for parasite and mollusc control in aquatic environments. Due to its persistent presence in water bodies, there is growing concern regarding its impact on aquatic organisms, yet this remains inadequately elucidated. Consequently, this study aims to assess the hepatotoxic effects and detoxification capacity of black carp () in a semi-static system, employing various parameters for analysis.

Natural Sunlight-Mediated Emodin Photoinactivation of .

can be a substantial concern, as it causes various diseases in aquaculture. An effective and green method for inhibiting is urgently required. Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, was exploited as a photo-antimicrobial agent against .

The Effect of Short-Term Artificial Feed Domestication on the Expression of Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes and Antioxidant Capacity in the Liver and Gill Tissues of Mandarin Fish ().

To investigate whether Mandarin fish developed oxidative stress after being domesticated with artificial feed, we conducted a series of experiments. Oxidative stress is an important factor leading to diseases and aging in the body. The liver integrates functions such as digestion, metabolism, detoxification, coagulation, and immune regulation, while the gills are important respiratory organs that are sensitive to changes in the water environment.

3D Hierarchical Sunflower-Shaped MoS/SnO Photocathodes for Photo-Rechargeable Zinc Ion Batteries.

Photo-rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (PRZIBs) have attracted much attention in the field of energy storage due to their high safety and dexterity compared with currently integrated lithium-ion batteries and solar cells. However, challenges remain toward their practical applications, originating from the unsatisfactory structural design of photocathodes, which results in low photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a flexible MoS/SnO-based photocathode is developed via constructing a sunflower-shaped light-trapping nanostructure with 3D hierarchical and self-supporting properties, enabled by the hierarchical embellishment of MoS nanosheets and SnO quantum dots on carbon cloth (MoS/SnO QDs@CC).

Multifunctional nanoparticles for enhanced sonodynamic-chemodynamic immunotherapy with glutathione depletion.

This study aimed to develop a sonodynamic-chemodynamic nanoparticle functioning on glutathione depletion in tumor immunotherapy. The liposome-encapsulated 2,2-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH) and copper-cysteine nanoparticles, AIPH/Cu-Cys@Lipo, were synthesized with a one-pot method. 4T1 cells were injected into female BALB/c mice for modeling.

The Impact of Niclosamide Exposure on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Expression of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Genes in Black Carp ().

Niclosamide (NIC, 2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide) is a salicylanilide molluscicide, and the extensive utilization and environmental pollution associated with NIC engender a potential hazard to both human health and the wellbeing of aquatic organisms. However, the mechanism of the chronic toxicity of NIC at environmentally relevant concentrations in terms of oxidative stress, metabolic disorder, and barrier functions in black carp () is unknown. Therefore, healthy juvenile black carp () (average weight: 38.

Effect of chronic deltamethrin exposure on brain transcriptome and metabolome of juvenile crucian carp.

Deltamethrin (Del), a widely administered pyrethroid insecticide, has been established as a common contaminant of the freshwater environment and detected in many freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the changes in brain transcriptome and metabolome of crucian carp after exposure to 0.6 μg/L Del for 28 days.