Breaking the Efficiency-Stability-Sustainability Trilemma in all-perovskite Tandem Solar Modules via Oxidative Blockchain Molecular Engineering.

Narrow-bandgap (NBG) tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskites are vital for all-perovskite tandem solar modules (TSMs), yet their commercialization remains limited by challenges in balancing efficiency, stability, and sustainability. Here, we presented an oxidation-triggered blockchain molecular (BCM) interface engineering strategy, which modified the poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) surface and constructed a dynamic functional layer at the buried PEDOT:PSS/Sn-Pb perovskite interface through synergistic effects of biocompatible rutin molecules and their oxidation derivatives. This approach enabled full-cycle optimization from film formation to operational longevity via sequential regulation of crystallization and carrier dynamics, along with persistent defect passivation through synergistic coordination and hydrogen bonding.

Blade-Coated Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics Enabled by Solvent and Morphology Engineering.

Perovskite-based indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have emerged as competitive candidates for low-power consumption electronic devices, where the development of fully solution-processed fabrication protocols becomes urgent to enable roll-to-roll compatible manufacture. In this study, blade-coated perovskite IPV devices are developed by blade-coating high-quality hole and electron transporting layers through solvent and morphology engineering, respectively. A uniform hole-transporting layer of polymeric carbazole phosphonic acid is achieved by tuning the properties co-solvent system, while a compact electron-transporting layer of poly(fullerene-alt-xylene) is realized by adjusting the morphology of the underlying perovskite layer.

CyberKnife Staged Radiotherapy for Elderly Patients With Poorly Differentiated Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Dosimetric Analysis.

This case describes an 81-year-old male patient with poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma, complicated by severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a history of coronary stenting. The patient underwent CyberKnife (Accuray Inc., Madison, WI, United States) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with synchrony respiratory tracking and staged radiotherapy.

Gas-Quenching Assisted Crystallization of Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for Triple-Junction Perovskite Solar Cells.

The theoretical power conversion efficiency limit of multi-junction solar cells exhibits a progressive enhancement with increasing number of junctions. However, the performance of all-perovskite triple-junction solar cells is currently limited by the quality of the ≈2 eV wide bandgap perovskite layer, primarily due to its rapid and uncontrolled crystallization process. In this study, a gas quenching method into the fabrication of wide-bandgap perovskite films is introduced, effectively modulating the crystallization kinetics by elevating the nucleation energy barrier, thereby achieving smooth films with uniform vertical halogen distribution.

Minimizing Voltage Deficit in Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics by Interfacial Engineering.

Metal halide perovskites with bandgap of ≈1.8 eV are competitive candidates for indoor photovoltaic (IPV) devices, owing to their superior photovoltaic properties and ideal absorption spectra matched to most indoor light sources. However, these perovskite IPVs suffer from severe trap induced non-radiative recombination, resulting in large open-circuit voltage (V) losses, particularly under low light intensity.

Deep Learning-Based Eye-Tracking Analysis for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Using 3D Comprehensive Visual Stimuli.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a continuous decline in cognitive functions and eventually results in death. An early AD diagnosis is important for taking active measures to slow its deterioration. Traditional diagnoses are usually based on clinical experience, which is limited by several realistic factors.

A novel deep learning approach for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease based on eye-tracking data.

Eye-tracking technology has become a powerful tool for biomedical-related applications due to its simplicity of operation and low requirements on patient language skills. This study aims to use the machine-learning models and deep-learning networks to identify key features of eye movements in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) under specific visual tasks, thereby facilitating computer-aided diagnosis of AD. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) visuospatial memory task is designed to provide participants with visual stimuli while their eye-movement data are recorded and used to build an eye-tracking dataset.

A dual-mode organic memristor for coordinated visual perceptive computing.

The hierarchically coordinated processing of visual information with the data degradation characteristic embodies the energy consumption minimization and signal transmission efficiency maximization of brain activities. This inspires machine vision to handle the explosively increased data in real-time. In this contribution, we demonstrate the possibility of constructing a coordinated perceptive computing paradigm with dual-mode organic memristors to emulate the visual processing capability of the brain systems.

Perovskite-Based Memristor with 50-Fold Switchable Photosensitivity for In-Sensor Computing Neural Network.

In-sensor computing can simultaneously output image information and recognition results through in-situ visual signal processing, which can greatly improve the efficiency of machine vision. However, in-sensor computing is challenging due to the requirement to controllably adjust the sensor's photosensitivity. Herein, it is demonstrated a ternary cationic halide CsFAMA Pb(IBr) (CsFAMA) perovskite, whose External quantum efficiency (EQE) value is above 80% in the entire visible region (400-750 nm), and peak responsibility value at 750 nm reaches 0.

The relationship between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing drug-eluting stenting.

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a significant clinical problem in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Recent studies identified the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) as a novel inflammatory marker to predict inflammation in chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FAR and ISR in patients with DES implantation.

A Quartz Crystal Microbalance dew point sensor without frequency measurement.

This work deals with the design of a dew point sensor based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) without measuring the frequency. This idea is inspired by the fact that the Colpitts oscillation circuit will stop oscillating when the QCM works in the liquid media. The quartz crystal and the electrode are designed through the finite element simulation and the stop oscillating experiment is conducted to verify the sensibility.

Optical fiber-based system for continuous measurement of in-bore projectile velocity.

This paper reports the design of an optical fiber-based velocity measurement system and its application in measuring the in-bore projectile velocity. The measurement principle of the implemented system is based on Doppler effect and heterodyne detection technique. The analysis of the velocity measurement principle deduces the relationship between the projectile velocity and the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the optical fiber-based system output signal.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection increases the in vivo capacity of peripheral monocytes to cross the blood-brain barrier into the brain and the in vivo sensitivity of the blood-brain barrier to disruption by lipopolysaccharide.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), introduced into the brain by HIV-1-infected monocytes which migrate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), infects resident macrophages and microglia and initiates a process that causes HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders. The mechanism by which HIV-1 infection circumvents the BBB-restricted passage of systemic leukocytes into the brain and disrupts the integrity of the BBB is not known. Circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can compromise the integrity of the BBB, is significantly increased in HIV-1-infected individuals.

Increased in vivo activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brains of mice transgenic for an infectious R5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus and for CD4-specific expression of human cyclin T1 in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharides.

Inflammatory mediators and viral products produced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected microglia and astrocytes perturb the function and viability of adjacent uninfected neuronal and glial cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). In vivo exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates parenchymal microglia and astrocytes and induces cytokine and chemokine production in the brain. HIV-infected individuals display increased circulating LPS levels due to microbial translocation across a compromised mucosa barrier.

CD4-specific transgenic expression of human cyclin T1 markedly increases human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) production by CD4+ T lymphocytes and myeloid cells in mice transgenic for a provirus encoding a monocyte-tropic HIV-1 isolate.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-encoded Tat provides transcriptional activation critical for efficient HIV-1 replication by interacting with cyclin T1 and recruiting P-TEFb to efficiently elongate the nascent HIV transcript. Tat-mediated transcriptional activation in mice is precluded by species-specific structural differences that prevent Tat interaction with mouse cyclin T1 and severely compromise HIV-1 replication in mouse cells. We investigated whether transgenic mice expressing human cyclin T1 under the control of a murine CD4 promoter/enhancer cassette that directs gene expression to CD4(+) T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages (hu-cycT1 mice) would display Tat responsiveness in their CD4-expressing mouse cells and selectively increase HIV-1 production in this cellular population, which is infected primarily in HIV-1-positive individuals.

Microglia from mice transgenic for a provirus encoding a monocyte-tropic HIV type 1 isolate produce infectious virus and display in vitro and in vivo upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine gene expression.

A large body of evidence has indicated that microglia are the predominant cellular location for HIV-1 in the brains of HIV-1-infected individuals and play a direct role in the development of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). Therefore, investigation of the mechanism by which HIV-1-infected microglia contribute to the development of HIV-associated dementia should be facilitated by the creation of a mouse model wherein microglia carry replication-competent HIV-1. To circumvent the inability of HIV-1 to infect mouse cells, we developed a mouse line that is transgenic for a full-length proviral clone of a monocyte-tropic HIV-1 isolate, HIV-1(JR-CSF) (JR-CSF mice), whose T cells and monocytes produce infectious HIV-1.

[Impact of salt stress on peroxidase activity in Populus deltoides cambium and its consequence].

Studies on the impact of salt stress on the peroxidase (POD) activity in Populus deltoides cambium and on the anatomic characteristics of its secondary xylem indicated that the changes of POD activity caused by soil salinity stress behaved differently in dormant and growing period. In low salinity soil, the POD activity of dormant Populus deltoides showed the trend of increasing first, and then, decreasing as the soil salinity was rising gradually. Namely, with the rising of soil salinity in the range of 0.