Robust Quantification of Affected Brain Volume from Computed Tomography Perfusion: A Hybrid Approach Combining Deep Learning and Singular Value Decomposition.

Volumetric estimation of affected brain volumes using computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is crucial in the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and relies on commercial software, which has limitations such as variations in results due to image quality. To predict affected brain volume accurately and robustly, we propose a hybrid approach that integrates singular value decomposition (SVD), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) techniques. We included 449 CTP images of patients with AIS with manually annotated vessel landmarks provided by expert radiologists, collected between 2021 and 2023.

Impact of a computed tomography-based artificial intelligence software on radiologists' workflow for detecting acute intracranial hemorrhage.

Purpose: To assess the impact of a commercially available computed tomography (CT)-based artificial intelligence (AI) software for detecting acute intracranial hemorrhage (AIH) on radiologists' diagnostic performance and workflow in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 956 non-contrast brain CT scans obtained over a 70-day period, interpreted independently by 2 board-certified general radiologists. Of these, 541 scans were interpreted during the initial 35 days before the implementation of AI software, and the remaining 415 scans were interpreted during the subsequent 35 days, with reference to AIH probability scores generated by the software.

Transcriptional Landscape and Biomarker Discovery for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: An Ex Vivo Study Using Patients-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts.

Objective: Numerous studies have identified various risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the experimental limitations of disease modeling make it challenging to directly interpret their effects. These limitations include constraints of postmortem samples, animal experiments, and challenges associated with brain tissue studies.

Impaired Glymphatic Function in Diffuse Axonal Injury: Evaluation Using the Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) Method.

Purpose: Glymphatic system impairment has been suggested in previous animal and human studies regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI). Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an important pathological feature of TBI and is frequently diagnosed in patients with moderate to severe TBI. This study evaluated the glymphatic system function in patients with DAI using diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), a non-invasive technique.

Altered triple network model connectivity is associated with cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Introduction: Late-life cognitive impairment and depression frequently co-occur and share many symptoms. However, the specific neural and clinical factors contributing to both their common and distinct profiles in older adults remain unclear.

Methods: We investigated resting-state correlates of cognitive and depressive symptoms in older adults (n = 248 and n = 95) using clinical, blood, and neuroimaging data.

Brain age mediates gut microbiome dysbiosis-related cognition in older adults.

Background: Recent studies have focused on improving our understanding of gut microbiome dysbiosis and its impact on cognitive function. However, the relationship between gut microbiome composition, accelerated brain atrophy, and cognitive function has not yet been fully explored.

Methods: We recruited 292 participants from South Korean memory clinics to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessments, and collected stool samples.

[Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Expert Recommendation for Standard MRI Protocol].

The introduction of anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as lecanemab (Lequembi), which was recently approved in Korea, necessitates careful monitoring for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) using brain MRI. To optimize ARIA monitoring in Korean clinical settings, the Korean Society of Neuroradiology (KSNR) and the Age and Neurodegeneration Imaging (ANDI) Study Group proposed MRI protocol recommendations on essential MR sequences, MRI acquisition parameters, timing and condition of MRI examinations, and essential details to provide a scientific basis for maximizing the safety and efficacy of AD treatment. A customized, standardized MRI protocol focusing on Korea's healthcare environment can improve ARIA management and ensure patient safety through early detection of potential anti-amyloid therapy side effects, thereby enhancing treatment quality.

Comparison of outcomes between anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies for intracranial arterial dissections.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate real-world data on the differences in outcomes between antiplatelet (AP) and anticoagulation (AC) therapies for intracranial arterial dissection (IAD).

Methods: This study included patients with symptomatic unruptured IAD between 2010 and 2021 that were treated with anti-thrombotics. Patients were dichotomized to AC and AP based on a treatment policy analysis.

Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and resequencing analysis provide insights into genome evolution and allelic imbalance in Pinus densiflora.

Haplotype-level allelic characterization facilitates research on the functional, evolutionary and breeding-related features of extremely large and complex plant genomes. We report a 21.7-Gb chromosome-level haplotype-resolved assembly in Pinus densiflora.

Detecting microsatellite instability by length comparison of microsatellites in the 3' untranslated region with RNA-seq.

Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenomenon caused by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair system deficiencies, is an important biomarker in cancer research and clinical diagnostics. MSI detection often involves next-generation sequencing data, with many studies focusing on DNA. Here, we introduce a novel approach by measuring microsatellite lengths directly from ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) data and comparing its distribution to detect MSI.

Behavior of Extracranial-to-Intracranial Extended Arterial Dissections of the Vertebral Artery.

Background: Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) may extend from the extracranial to the intracranial vasculature (e+iVAD). We evaluated how the characteristics of e+iVAD differed from those of intracranial VAD (iVAD).

Methods And Results: From 2002 to 2019, among consecutive patients with cervicocephalic dissection, those with iVAD and e+iVAD were included, and their clinical characteristics were compared.

The safety and efficacy of intra-arterial low-dose tirofiban administration during endovascular therapy in patients with large ischemic core volume.

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial (IA) administration of low- dose tirofiban during endovascular therapy in patients with large ischemic core volumes on initial brain CT. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of IA tirofiban. We identified 87 patients (16 and 71 patients in the tirofiban and no-tirofiban groups, respectively) with acute ischemic stroke due to intracranial artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with a low Alberta Stroke Program Early CT scores (2-5).

Prediction of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease-Related Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke on the Basis of Novel Cerebral Blood Volume Parameters.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy is an effective treatment method for large-vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS); however, it has limited efficacy for intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD)-related LVOS. We investigated the use of cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps for identifying ICAD as the underlying cause of LVOS before the initiation of endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods And Results: We reviewed clinical and imaging data from patients who presented with LVOS and underwent endovascular treatment between January 2011 and May 2021.

Higher HbA1c Is Associated With Greater 2-Year Progression of White Matter Hyperintensities.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions on brain MRI images are surrogate markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Longitudinal studies examining the association between diabetes and WMH progression have yielded mixed results. Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between HbA1c, a biomarker for the presence and severity of hyperglycemia, and longitudinal WMH change after adjusting for known risk factors for WMH progression.

Significance of headache in intracranial vertebrobasilar artery dissections: an observational study.

Headache may represent acute phase of intracranial vertebrobasilar artery dissection (iVBAD). We aimed to evaluate its clinical significance in iVBAD. Consecutive acute iVBAD patients were grouped into ruptured iVBAD, unruptured iVBAD with no headache, isolated headache, or concurrent headache with neurological symptoms.

Comparative and expression analyses of AP2/ERF genes reveal copy number expansion and potential functions of ERF genes in Solanaceae.

Background: The AP2/ERF gene family is a superfamily of transcription factors that are important in the response of plants to abiotic stress and development. However, comprehensive research of the AP2/ERF genes in the Solanaceae family is lacking.

Results: Here, we updated the annotation of AP2/ERF genes in the genomes of eight Solanaceae species, as well as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Can Be an Effective Tool for Screening Fatty Liver in Patients with Suspected Liver Disease.

Background and study aims: Although abdominal ultrasound (USG) or controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score of transient elastography (TE) is recommended for the diagnosis of fatty liver, issues regarding cost and accessibility still exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate if bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used as a reliable screening tool for fatty liver. Patients and methods: A total of 249 patients who underwent all three tests including TE, BIA, and USG were enrolled.

Glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Glymphatic system dysfunction has been reported in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to evaluate the activity of the human glymphatic system using the non-invasive Diffusion Tensor Image-Analysis aLong the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) method in patients with TBI.

Methods: A total of 89 patients with TBI (June 2018 to May 2020) were retrospectively enrolled, and 34 healthy volunteers were included who had no previous medical or neurological disease.

Angiographic tapering sign as a surrogate marker for large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis and its clinical implication: a retrospective matched case-control study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the initial DSA appearance of the occlusion during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) can help distinguish the nature of the underlying lesion and predict radiological and clinical outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MT for anterior circulation occlusion between March 2017 and February 2020. Underlying intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) was determined based on the presence of fixed stenosis after endovascular treatment.

Influence of endothelial function and arterial stiffness on the behavior of cervicocephalic arterial dissections: An observational study.

Background: The mechanical and physiological properties of the arterial wall might affect the behavior of spontaneous cervicocephalic arterial dissections (CCAD). We aimed to determine the effects of endothelial function and arterial stiffness on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CCAD using brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Methods: From a single-center database, we identified patients admitted from April 2011 to December 2021 with a diagnosis of CCAD who underwent both FMD and PWV.

Two different domain architectures generate structural and functional diversity among genes in the Solanaceae family.

The gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families and has important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, genes in the Solanaceae family have not been extensively investigated. Here, we conducted genome-wide re-annotation in nine Solanaceae species and .