Non-invasive PCO monitoring during polysomnography: transcutaneous versus end-tidal measurement.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to monitor transcutaneous and end-tidal partial pressures of CO simultaneously during polysomnography, determine the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and identify relevant factors that can affect the results.

Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 55 adults who underwent polysomnography at the Ajou University Hospital Sleep Center between February 2021 and September 2022. They were volunteers who spontaneously breathed room air.

Evaluation of mandibular bone abnormalities in patients with chronic kidney disease using cone beam computed tomography: A retrospective study.

Objective: This study evaluated mandibular cortical thickness and morphological changes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and their correlation with bone metabolism markers.

Methods: CKD patients were divided into CKD-I (eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) < 30) and CKD-II (eGFR ≥ 30) groups, with healthy controls for comparison. Mental index (MI), antegonial index (AI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.

The association between fronto-insular interaction and executive function during childhood and adolescence in a resting state fMRI study.

The Insula is an area of the brain that plays a vital role in various functions, mainly several executive functions (EFs) during neurological development. Functional connectivity (FC) between the Frontal lobes and the Insula, the regions most commonly associated with EFs, is claimed to play an essential role in EFs. However, there is insufficient data on the relationship between the FC between the two brain regions and the EFs in childhood and adolescence.

Explainable multiplex graph propagational network with multimodal neuroimage integration for dementia subtype diagnosis.

Dementia encompasses diverse subtypes with distinct characteristics, including cognitive functions, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and neuroimages. Neuroimaging-based diagnosis is advantageous due to low variability and minimal invasiveness, ensuring safe and accurate outcomes. Recently, integrating multimodal neuroimages with machine learning techniques has enhanced diagnostic precision.

Long-term outcome of grade 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumor ≤1 cm after incomplete endoscopic resection.

Background/aims: Surveillance strategies for small grade 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumors (G1 rNETs) after incomplete endoscopic resection (ER) remain controversial. We evaluated the long-term outcomes of patients with G1 rNET ≤1 cm after ER who did and did not undergo complete resection.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 441 patients with G1 rNETs measuring ≤1 cm after ER between 2011 and 2022.

Association between preoperative hyperglycemia and adverse cardiac events after non-cardiac surgery: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: We conducted multicenter analyses of preoperative acute hyperglycemia to calculate the postoperative adverse cardiac events.

Methods: Data from 10 hospitals were converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model and analyzed. We extracted the records of 318,119 adult patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery and had available blood glucose measurements less than 24 h before surgery.

Role of Emergent Endoscopic Evaluation for Corrosive Injuries: Should We Do It or Not?

Background/aim: Although emergency endoscopic evaluation of patients presenting with corrosive ingestion may facilitate prognosis prediction, the role of early endoscopic evaluation remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to select patients who required emergency endoscopic evaluation based on the initial admission information and to investigate the factors associated with Zargar grade ≥2b in patients with corrosive ingestion.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with corrosive ingestion who visited the emergency department between 2010 and 2023.

Risk factors and impact of hypertriglyceridemia in preterm infants under 32 weeks of gestation: optimizing intravenous lipid emulsion infusion rates-a single center retrospective study.

Introduction: Intravenous lipid emulsions are essential for parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. However, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a common complication that can lead to severe complications if left untreated. This study analyzed factors influencing HTG and the effects of reduced intravenous lipid emulsion dosages.

Transcriptional Landscape and Biomarker Discovery for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: An Ex Vivo Study Using Patients-Derived Dermal Fibroblasts.

Objective: Numerous studies have identified various risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the experimental limitations of disease modeling make it challenging to directly interpret their effects. These limitations include constraints of postmortem samples, animal experiments, and challenges associated with brain tissue studies.

Analysis of outcomes according to start timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective nationwide cohort study.

Background: Gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) with S-1 or capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CAPOX) is the standard treatment for stage II and III gastric cancer (GC). However, there is no established guideline for the start timing of AC.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service on 19 140 GC patients who received AC with S-1 (n = 10 442) or CAPOX (n = 8698) between January 2014 and December 2018.

Enhanced alcohol metabolism and sleep quality with continuous positive airway pressure following alcohol consumption.

We aimed to examine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure on sleep quality and alcohol metabolism after alcohol consumption. Men (n = 53) aged ≥ 19 years with sleep disorders who regularly consumed an average of ≥ 1.0 g of alcohol/kg of bodyweight, were free of serious diseases (including liver disorders), and underwent polysomnography and continuous positive airway pressure titration between January 2016 and July 2021 were included.

The Potential Role of the Rapid Urease Test with the Sweeping Method in the Gray Zone of the Urea Breath Test after Eradication.

Background/aims: Although the urea breath test (UBT) is widely used as a representative monitoring test after eradication, false-negative results can occur because of the gray zone related to its cutoff value. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of the rapid urease test (RUT), the RUT with sweeping method, and the UBT, and to investigate the role of the sweeping method in the gray zone of UBT values.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 216 patients who received standard first-line eradication treatments (n=216).

Reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations for diagnosing periodontal disease.

Purpose: This study investigated the reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations (PMPEs) for 1) identifying the presence of periodontitis, 2) staging periodontal disease, and 3) reflecting mean clinical parameters.

Methods: All patients were diagnosed using 8 different exam types: (A) full-mouth periodontal examination (FMPE), (B) Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) codes, (C) panoramic radiographs only, (D) clinical parameters only, (E) 6 teeth, including the first molar (#11, #16, #26, #31, #36, #46), (F) CPITN index teeth (#11, #16, #17, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, #47), (G) Ramfjord teeth (#16, #21, #24, #36, #41, #44), and (H) 10 modified Ramfjord teeth, including all first premolars and first molars (#16, #14, #21, #24, #26, #36, #34, #41, #44, #46). Case definitions were established according to the criteria outlined in the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology classification of periodontal diseases.

Altered triple network model connectivity is associated with cognitive function and depressive symptoms in older adults.

Introduction: Late-life cognitive impairment and depression frequently co-occur and share many symptoms. However, the specific neural and clinical factors contributing to both their common and distinct profiles in older adults remain unclear.

Methods: We investigated resting-state correlates of cognitive and depressive symptoms in older adults (n = 248 and n = 95) using clinical, blood, and neuroimaging data.

Brain age mediates gut microbiome dysbiosis-related cognition in older adults.

Background: Recent studies have focused on improving our understanding of gut microbiome dysbiosis and its impact on cognitive function. However, the relationship between gut microbiome composition, accelerated brain atrophy, and cognitive function has not yet been fully explored.

Methods: We recruited 292 participants from South Korean memory clinics to undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging, clinical assessments, and collected stool samples.

Learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection in early gastric neoplasm using a multibending endoscope.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a representative treatment modality for early gastric neoplasms. However, the learning curve for beginners performing ESD using a multibending endoscope has not been introduced.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the learning curves of operators undergoing intensive training using a multibending endoscope.

Automated quantitative pupillometry as a predictor for transtentorial brain herniation in patients with malignant acute ischemic stroke.

Brain herniation can be a life-threatening condition, resulting in poor prognosis and higher fatality rates. We examined whether quantitative characteristics of sequential pupillary light reflex (PLR) could serve as biomarkers for identifying brain herniation in fatal acute stroke cases with anterior circulation involvement admitted to neurological intensive care unit (Neuro-ICU). Automatic pupillometer assessed PLR automatically every 4-6 hours, measuring eight specific features: NPi (Neurological pupil index) score, initial resting and constriction pupil size, constriction change, constriction velocity, constriction latency, and dilation velocity.

Clinical Implications of the Obstructive Pattern on Chest Radiography in Children Aged 3-59 Months With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical implications of the obstructive pattern on plain chest radiography, defined as peribronchial cuffing or hyperinflation, in young children with severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).

Methods: We reviewed all children aged 3‒59 months with LRTIs who underwent radiography and polymerase chain reaction in a Korean emergency department from 2016 through 2020. The radiographs were read as consolidation, peribronchial cuffing, or hyperinflation, with each interrater reliability computed.

Comparison of outcomes between anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies for intracranial arterial dissections.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate real-world data on the differences in outcomes between antiplatelet (AP) and anticoagulation (AC) therapies for intracranial arterial dissection (IAD).

Methods: This study included patients with symptomatic unruptured IAD between 2010 and 2021 that were treated with anti-thrombotics. Patients were dichotomized to AC and AP based on a treatment policy analysis.

Risk of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Computed Tomography: A 16 Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Concern about contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) may delay the timely administration of contrast media for computed tomography (CT). The precise causative effect of iodinated contrast media on CI-AKI and its relevant risk factors remains an area of ongoing investigation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk of CI-AKI following contrast-enhanced CT and its predisposing risk factors.

Differential role of negative and positive parenting styles on resting-state brain networks in middle-aged adolescents.

Parenting styles encompass negative and positive approaches, potentially affecting adolescents' brain reward and emotion regulation systems. However, the association between parenting style and brain networks remains unknown. This study investigates the link between parenting style and functional connectivity (FC) within the reward and emotion regulation brain networks, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).