N-acetyl cysteine mediated inhibition of glucose regulated protein-78 abrogates activating transcription factor-4 dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration following exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in zebrafish brain.

Recent findings have highlighted the neurological consequences of exposure to the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), including neurobehavioral transformation, cognitive dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a distinct role in altering cellular responses by inducing cell death. Based on existing literature, we were primarily interested in understanding whether the gross biochemical and neuromorphological outcomes of DEHP are associated with augmented ER stress in the neuronal microenvironment.

Breathing new life: Cutting-edge anesthetic strategies for whole lung lavage in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare condition where surfactant accumulates in the lungs' alveoli, causing respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the primary treatment, requiring careful perioperative management due to potential complications. We present the case of a 38-year-old man with severe PAP who underwent WLL with cardiopulmonary bypass standby.

Bridging the gap: Early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis among PLHIV in Western Rajasthan, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), with delayed diagnosis contributing significantly to poor outcomes. Early detection through systematic screening and diagnostic tools is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the World Health Organization (WHO) four-symptom screen (fever, cough, weight loss, and night sweats), using Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, California) as the gold standard for early detection of pulmonary TB in HIV-positive patients.

Echoes of infection: radial EBUS unveils invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Invasive fungal disease commonly affects immunocompromised hosts and rarely immunocompetent individuals. The disease carries high mortality, making early diagnosis and initiation of treatment crucial in the management. Diagnosis is based on host, clinical, mycological and histological factors.

Use of a novel ultrasound sign in the management of malignant pleural effusions: a prospective observational trial.

The management of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is influenced by the lung's ability to re-expand following fluid drainage. Lung entrapment can complicate this process and may be predicted using pleural manometry. Recently, a novel lung ultrasound (LUS) marker-the sinusoidal sign-has emerged as a potential tool to differentiate between expandable and entrapped lung prior to thoracentesis.

Pentraxin-3 as a novel biomarker in predicting outcomes of nosocomial pneumonia: a prospective observational study.

Pneumonia, among all nosocomial infections, is known for its dismal prognosis, imposing substantial morbidity and mortality. While the diagnostic performance of various blood biomarkers has undergone scrutiny, their prognostic implications remain relatively unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinical factors, microbial etiology, and blood biomarkers, including procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and pentraxin-3, in determining the outcome of nosocomial pneumonia.

Utility of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the critical care unit of a tertiary care center: a prospective observational study.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial pneumonia developing in patients who are mechanically ventilated for ≥48 hours. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be useful in evaluating various pathologic pulmonary conditions. We aimed to study the utility of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of VAP in a critical care unit.

Navigating Challenges in Adult Airway Foreign Body Extraction: Retrospective Insights From Flexible Bronchoscopy.

Background Airway foreign body aspiration is an emergency predominantly observed in children and the elderly. However, it also occurs in adults, presenting with a variety of symptoms. Both rigid and flexible bronchoscopies are employed for foreign body retrieval.

Exploring proteins within the coccolith matrix.

Coccolithophores comprise a major component of the oceanic carbon cycle. These unicellular algae produce ornate structures made of calcium carbonate, termed coccoliths, representing ~ 50% of calcite production in the open ocean. The exact molecular mechanisms which direct and control coccolith formation are unknown.

Contrasting species-specific stress response to environmental pH determines the fate of coccolithophores in future oceans.

Molecular mechanisms driving species-specific environmental sensitivity in coccolithophores are unclear but crucial in understanding species selection and adaptation to environmental change. This study examined proteomic and physiological changes in three species under varying pH conditions. We showed that changing pH drives intracellular oxidative stress and changes membrane potential.

CD11b suppresses TLR7-driven inflammatory signaling to protect against lupus nephritis.

Lupus Nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that affects kidney function. Here, we investigated the role of CD11b, a protein encoded by the gene, in the development of LN and its functional activation as a therapeutic strategy. Genetic coding variants of significantly increase the risk for SLE and LN by producing a less active CD11b and leading to elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN I).

Light quality induces a shift in coccosphere morphology in .

The coccolithophore produces distinct coccolith morphotypes and offers a unique insight into coccolith calcification, as the number of lopadoliths per cell increases under low light intensities. This study employs to investigate the acclimated impact of light intensity and wavelength on cell physiology and coccosphere morphology. Our findings reveal a marked increase in lopadolith production when grown under reduced light intensity, with lower growth rates, higher chlorophyll concentration and elevated net photosynthetic rates.

Concerted monoamine oxidase activity following exposure to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate is associated with aggressive neurobehavioral response and neurodegeneration in zebrafish brain.

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly preferred synthetic organic chemical in plastics and its products for making them ductile, flexible and durable. As DEHP is not chemically bound to the macromolecular polymer of plastics, it can be easily leached out to accumulate in food and environment. Our recent report advocated that exposure to DEHP significantly transformed the innate bottom-dwelling and scototaxis behaviour of zebrafish.

Assessing the accuracy of pleural puncture sites in patients with pleural effusion as determined by clinical examination versus ultrasound-A single-centre prospective study.

Introduction: This study aimed to ascertain the accuracy of clinical examination for the determination of pleural puncture sites as compared to the use of ultrasonography in patients with pleural effusion.

Material And Methods: A single-centre, prospective, observational study was carried out amongst 115 patients with pleural effusion in a tertiary care hospital in western India. Patients were subjected to clinical assessment for determination of pleural puncture sites and the same were confirmed with ultrasonography.

Bronchoscopic Electrocautery Versus Adrenaline and Cold Saline Instillation for Prophylactic Haemostasis Prior to Biopsy of Endobronchial Lesions (BEVACS): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy-guided endobronchial biopsy (EBB) is routinely performed as an outpatient daycare procedure. Bleeding after EBB is a common complication, that at times disrupts the procedure and can rarely lead to a catastrophe. We aimed to compare the efficacy of prebiopsy prophylactic bronchoscopic electrocautery with adrenaline and cold saline instillation in achieving hemostasis in patients with endobronchial lesions with a higher risk of bleeding during EBB.

Effect of Laser Therapy on Postoperative Pain and Endodontic Retreatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Root canal re-treatment (RCR) cases are considered some of the most challenging cases in the field of endodontics, as they are mostly associated with various iatrogenic errors such as ledge formation, incomplete biomechanical preparation, file separation, and incomplete obturation. These iatrogenic errors lead to defective niches within root canals that may act as reservoirs for various viable microorganisms. Such residual microbial niches may cause postoperative pain even after thorough debridement and reshaping the canals, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis for the tooth.

Transgenic mouse models support a protective role of type I IFN response in SARS-CoV-2 infection-related lung immunopathology and neuroinvasion.

Type I interferon (IFN-I) response is the first line of host defense against invading viruses. In the absence of definite mouse models, the role of IFN-I in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains perplexing. Here, we develop two mouse models, one with constitutively high IFN-I response (hACE2; Irgm1) and the other with dampened IFN-I response (hACE2; Ifnar1), to comprehend the role of IFN-I response.

Clinical Utility of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Neutrophilia and Biomarkers for Evaluating Severity of Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Introduction It is hypothesized that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) neutrophilia, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) predict the severity of chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (CF-ILDs). Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 CF-ILD patients. Using Pearson's correlation analysis, BAL neutrophils, KL-6, and CRP were correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), six-minute walk distance (6MWD), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), computed tomography fibrosis score (CTFS), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).

Effect of endodontic treatment on endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis-a prospective intervention study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of endodontic treatment on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) in patients with apical periodontitis (AP).

Material And Method: The study includes 32 young men having AP with a mean age of 25.78 years free from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, including periodontitis.

Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Using Maximal Information Coefficient-Based Functional Connectivity with an Extreme Learning Machine.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive chronic illness that leads to cognitive decline and dementia. Neuroimaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and deep learning approaches offer promising avenues for AD classification. In this study, we investigate the use of fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) measures, including the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), maximal information coefficient (MIC), and extended maximal information coefficient (eMIC), combined with extreme learning machines (ELM) for AD classification.

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced neurobehavioural transformation is associated with altered glutathione biosynthesis and neurodegeneration in zebrafish brain.

The contamination of life-sustaining environments with synthetic pollutants such as plastic-derived compounds has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. Among such contaminants, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used compound in plastics and plastic products to make them flexible. DEHP causes several adverse effects such as reproductive toxicity leading to infertility, miscarriage and litter size reduction, disruption of the thyroid endocrine system, oxidative stress, neurodevelopmental defect and cognitive impairment.

Safe Practice of Flexible Bronchoscopy for Non-COVID-19 Indications during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy is an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP), which increases the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to find COVID-19 symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in flexible bronchoscopies for non-COVID-19 indications during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: The participants of this hospital-based single-center descriptive study were HCWs of our hospital involved in flexible bronchoscopies of patients with non-COVID-19 indications.