MED12 mutation induces RTK inhibitor resistance in NSCLC via MEK/ERK pathway activation by inflammatory cytokines.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is frequently associated with mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as EGFR and ALK. While RTK inhibitors (RTKIs) have proven effective in treating patients with specific RTK mutations, the emergence of resistance to these therapies remains a significant clinical obstacle. As such, there is still an unmet need for the identification of new biomarkers that can predict resistance to RTK inhibitors in clinical use.

Operative Treatment of Medial Impingement Syndrome of the Ankle Concomitant With Osteochondral Lesion of the Medial Talar Dome: When and How?

Background: Coexisting medial impingement syndrome of the ankle (MIA) is often observed when planning surgical treatment for medial osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT). To date, there is no clear consensus on the surgical indications for MIA in relation to medial OLT or on whether overtreatment or undertreatment is preferable.

Purpose: To investigate when and how MIAs should be treated in patients with concomitant medial OLT.

Cryopreservation of Bulk-Produced Primary Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells.

Primary oligodendrocyte cultures are a crucial driving force for in vitro research on oligodendrocytes (OLs) and myelin. Various methods are available to obtain oligodendrocyte lineage cells, primarily from neonatal rodent brains or human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this protocol, we describe a step-by-step procedure for detaching and cryopreserving primary rat oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), followed by the thawing, proliferation, and differentiation of the cryopreserved OPCs.

Novel PDE9 inhibitors, KR39526 and KR39582, attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by pressure overload.

The natriuretic peptide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade are promising therapeutic target for heart failure. This study evaluated the pharmacological properties and cardioprotective effects of novel phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) inhibitors, KR39526 and KR39582, in vitro and in vivo. The potency and selectivity of these compounds were assessed through PDE9 inhibitory activity and subfamily selectivity assays.

Comparative Analysis of Minimally Invasive and Open Proximal Chevron-Akin Osteotomies in Moderate-to-Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity.

Background: Studies comparing the minimally invasive proximal chevron and Akin osteotomies (MIPCA) technique with conventional techniques, such as the open proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy with the Akin procedure (open PCMO-Akin procedure), are limited. This study aimed to compare and evaluate operative MIPCA and open PCMO-Akin procedure outcomes in the surgical correction of moderate-to-severe hallux valgus deformities.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparison of clinical and radiographic outcomes between the MIPCA and open PCMO-Akin procedure in patients with a hallux valgus deformity, defined as a preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) of ≥ 30° and/or a first to second intermetatarsal angle of ≥ 13°.

Cryo-EM structure of HMGB1-RAGE complex and its inhibitory effect on lung cancer.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy are closely linked with human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been shown to mediate a wide range of pathological responses by binding with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs). Extracellular HMGB1 and its ligand RAGE stimulate the growth, metastasis, invasiveness, and treatment resistance of different cancer cells.

Surgical Correction of Large Talar Tilt in Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Clinical Experience and a Review of the Literature.

Numerous studies exist on medial opening wedge supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO), ever since its introduction by Takakura et al., as a joint-preserving surgical option for treating varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Although SMO can induce lateral translation of the talus-which is medially translated in varus ankle OA-it has only minimal effects on the correction of the varus tilt of the talus.

Approach to Osteochondral Lesions of the Posteromedial Talar Dome: A Review of Arthroscopic Videos.

Background: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) most commonly occur in the posteromedial talar dome; however, there are no consensus guidelines on the appropriate approach to performing microfracture; that is, whether adequate visualization can be achieved solely through anterior ankle arthroscopy as well as the circumstances under which posterior ankle arthroscopy is required.

Purpose: To ascertain whether (1) arthroscopic microfracture of posteromedial OLT can be accomplished solely through anterior ankle arthroscopy and (2) if there are specific conditions that may require posterior ankle arthroscopy.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Applications and Effectiveness of 3D Printing in Various Ankle Surgeries: A Narrative Review.

Background: Technological advancements have made three-dimensional printing prevalent in orthopedic surgery. It facilitates the production of customized implants and tailored patient instruments, enhancing surgical planning and results. This review focuses on the uses and effectiveness of patient-specific products manufactured using three-dimensional printing in ankle surgery.

XROps: A Visual Workflow Management System for Dynamic Immersive Analytics.

Immersive analytics is gaining attention across multiple domains due to its capability to facilitate intuitive data analysis in expansive environments through user interaction with data. However, creating immersive analytics systems for specific tasks is challenging due to the need for programming expertise and significant development effort. Despite the introduction of various immersive visualization authoring toolkits, domain experts still face hurdles in adopting immersive analytics into their workflow, particularly when faced with dynamically changing tasks and data in real time.

Critical factors in enhancing the correction efficacy for varus talar tilt in patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis: relative fibular shortening to the tibia and syndesmotic widening.

Introduction: Relative fibular shortening compared to the tibia and syndesmotic widening are recognized contributors to the valgus tilt of the talus. This study aimed to assess: (1) the impact of fibular shortening relative to the tibia; and (2) the influence of syndesmotic widening, in correcting a large varus talar tilt (TT) associated with advanced ankle osteoarthritis through medial opening wedge valgization supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinico-radiographic findings of 41 patients with a preoperative TT of 8 degrees or more who underwent SMO for varus ankle osteoarthritis, with a minimum follow-up of more than two years.

Cryopreservation of primary neonatal rat oligodendrocytes and recapitulation of oligodendrocyte characteristics.

Introduction: , primary rat oligodendrocytes (OLs) are widely used for research on OL development, physiology, and pathophysiology in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Primary culture methods for OLs from rats have been developed and improved over time, but there are still multiple aspects in which efficiency can be boosted.

Methods: To make use of excess oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from primary cultures, a cryopreservation process utilizing a commercially available serum-free cryopreservation medium was established to passage and freeze OPCs at -80°C for later use.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peripheral HTR2A Antagonists for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent and prominent contributor to global cancer-related fatalities with challenges in drug resistance and metastasis. Recent research highlights the potential relationship between serotonin and cancer. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) mRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells was found to be notably elevated compared to that in normal colon cells.

The Effect of Transpedicular Injection of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Carrier on the Prevention of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Background And Objectives: Several studies have explored strategies to prevent proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) which is the unresolved issue in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) carrier injection on PJK.

Methods: This study was conducted through a retrospective analysis of data collected both prospectively and retrospectively.

Imaging evaluation of extraarticular posterior loose bodies in varus ankle osteoarthritis.

Multiple loose bodies (LBs) are often found in patients with varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of extra-articular posterior ankle LBs in patients with varus ankle OA. We also sought to determine whether there were variations in the characteristics of LBs according to the degree of ankle OA.

Minimally Invasive Forefoot Surgeries Using the Shannon Burr: A Comprehensive Review.

Since the early 2000s, minimally invasive forefoot surgery (MIS), particularly hallux valgus correction, has significantly advanced with the introduction of the Shannon burr. However, despite numerous relevant studies being published, no comprehensive review articles have summarized MIS for various forefoot conditions. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we examined the relevant studies about the application of MIS (excluding arthroscopy and endoscopy) for various forefoot conditions.

Assessing the Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Determination Process in Korea: Insights from 10-Year Noncompleted Donation Data.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the current status of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination in Korea over a decade, identifying key areas for improvement in the process.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Korea Organ Donation Agency spanning 2011 to 2021, focusing on donors whose donations were not completed. The study reviewed demographics, medical settings, diagnoses, and outcomes, with particular emphasis on cases classified as nonbrain death and those resulting in death by cardiac arrest during the BD/DNC assessment.