Uniaxial tensile material properties of adult Chinese dura mater: investigating the influence of age, sex, and anatomical site.

Objective: This study investigated the biomechanical properties of the dura mater from 29 Chinese adult donors (20 -86 years), focused on the influence of age, anatomical region, sex and loading direction, to establish Chinese population - specific material parameters for cranial finite element (FE) models and enhance forensic traumatic brain injury analysis.

Methods: In this study, a total of 275 dural specimens were prepared and categorized into young adult (20-44 years), middle aged (45-64 years), and elderly (≥65 years) cohorts. Samples were excised from frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions and tested uniaxially in sagittal and coronal directions, with strain measured via digital image correlation (DIC) techniques.

Comparing the linkages between carbon components and soil aggregates in vegetable fields to continuous input of different carbon sources.

Aims: To address the issue of declining soil organic carbon (SOC) in vegetable fields, this study investigated the effects of continuous input of different carbon sources on soil carbon pool dynamics.

Methods: A five-year field plot experiment was conducted to analyze the impact of organic fertilizer, biochar, and their combined application on soil organic carbon components, aggregate stability, and carbon pool characteristics.

Results: The continuous application of biochar and organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon components.

Daily validation using a metabolic simulator after regular calibration increases the quality of cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Background: Gas exchange measurements, such as oxygen uptake ( ) and carbon dioxide output ( ), of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), are the key and gold standard for human cardiopulmonary functional evaluation. However, in terms of quality control, they are unstable and inaccurate. We used a metabolic simulator (MS) to detect measurement errors and enhance quality control.

Holistic integrative interpretation for similarities and differences of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) pathophysiological characteristics in patients with left and right heart failure.

Background: This study is based on the theory of Holistic Integrative Physiology and Medicine (HIPM), which emphasizes a comprehensive understanding of the interplay of respiratory-circulatory-metabolic integration regulation. Within this theory, we recognize that left heart failure (LHF) and right heart failure (RHF) present distinct pathophysiological profiles, especially when assessed through cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We seek to elucidate the similarities and differences in CPET responses between LHF and RHF, thereby enhancing our understanding of their unique exercise pathophysiology.

Impact of personalized accurate intensity exercise on radial artery pulse wave in patients with multi-chronic diseases: a holistic functional assessment approach.

Background: The prevalence of chronic diseases continues to rise. Personalized accurate intensity exercise based on an overall functional evaluation is a useful supplement to medication therapy. The aim of this study is to provide a simple method for detecting human function and evaluating the role of individualized exercise.

Intravesical Disitamab Vedotin (RC48) for HER2-Expressing High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Single-Arm, Dose-Escalation Phase I Trial Study.

HER2 expression is correlated with diminished efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC). The development of effective intravesical treatments for HER2-expressing HR-NMIBC is of great urgency. In this single-arm phase I trial (ChiCTR2300073975), HER2-expressing HR-NMIBC patients received an induction course of weekly intravesical Disitamab vedotin (RC48) following a 3+3 design (60, 120, or 180 mg) for 6 weeks, followed by optional maintenance dose monthly for 11 sessions.

Refining the genetic structure and admixture history of Hmong-Mien populations.

Background: Recent studies have shed light on the unique linguistic and genetic characteristics of Hmong-Mien speakers. However, the underlying genetic structure and admixture events that shape their genetic diversity remain inadequately elucidated.

Results: Here, we co-analyzed newly generated genome-wide data from 164 individuals in Guizhou Province with published data from geographically proximate HM speakers using both allele frequency-based and haplotype-based methods.

Ancient genomes in Southwest China revealed genetic interactions among diverse populations in the historical period.

Background: Southwest China has been pivotal for agricultural spread, ethnic formation, and cultural diffusion. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of this area remain insufficiently explored, especially during the historical period.

Results: Here, we report genome-wide data of eight ancient individuals from the Songshan site in Guizhou dating back to the Song and Ming Dynasty.

Corrosion Resistance and Wear Behavior of Ni60/TiC and NbC Composite Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding.

This research delves into the corrosion resistance and wear behavior of Ni60-based composite coatings strengthened by TiC and NbC particles, which are produced by laser cladding. Three distinct coatings were prepared: S1 (Ni60 + 20%TiC), S2 (Ni60 + 10%TiC + 10%NbC), and S3 (Ni60 + 20%NbC). Microstructural characterization revealed that the addition of TiC and NbC altered phase composition, inducing lattice distortion and promoting the formation of carbides such as CrC, NiC, and NbC.

Novel patient-specific instrument with comparable accuracy to robotic assistance in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective study.

Background: Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) can be applied in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to assist surgeons in planning and positioning prostheses. This study aims to compare the accuracy of prosthesis positioning in medial UKA performed with a newly designed PSI tool to those of UKA performed with robotic assistance and previously reported PSI-assisted techniques.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-one patients underwent medial mobile-bearing UKA with the new PSI tool designed based on preoperative CT scans from May 2023 to June 2024.

In Situ-Reinforced Phase Evolution and Mechanical Properties of CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Composite Coating on Q235B by Laser Cladding with Nb Addition.

Q235B is widely used in marine engineering materials; however, its wear resistance and corrosion resistance are poor. To improve wear and corrosion resistance, a CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) composite coating was cladded using laser cladding (LC) technology. Different proportions of tungsten carbide (WC) and Nb elements were added to the CoCrFeNi HEA coating, and the microstructure, phase, hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance of three different composite coatings were analyzed.

How to view the effectiveness of spinal deformity surgery for adult degenerative scoliosis in octogenarian population? A comprehensive analysis and judgment.

This study aims to explore the connections between risk factors and clinical outcomes in octogenarian patients diagnosed with adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). A total of 394 patients participated in this study, with 206 individuals in the younger group and 188 in the octogenarian group. We meticulously gathered patient demographics, including basic information, comorbidities, radiographic data, clinical scoring systems, and details on medical and surgical complications as well as revision surgeries.

Maternal genetic architecture of Guizhou's Hmong-Mien populations via whole mitogenome.

The Hmong-Mien (HM) language family, majorly distributed across southern China and Southeast Asia, has remained underexplored in population genetics, particularly concerning whole mitogenome studies. In this study, we sequenced the whole mitogenomes of 261 individuals from Guizhou Hmong-Mien-speaking populations (HM-G), comprising Miao, Yao, and She individuals. The haplogroup distribution was dominated by southern East Asian haplogroups (B, M7, and F).

Endowing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Induced Supramolecular Chirality by Engineering Cation-π Interaction.

The cation-π interaction is a crucial noncovalent binding force prevalent in many biological and chemical systems, however, are rarely reported in chiral supramolecular systems. Here, a supramolecular chiral system is reported, wherein cation-π interaction play significant roles. The interaction involves a chiral cationic palladium complex (R-Pd) co-assembling with 12 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in the formation of supramolecular gels in mixed solvents.

Eco-corona formation on aminated nanoplastics interacted with extracellular polymeric substances from bloom-forming cyanobacteria: Insightful mechanisms with DFT study.

Nanoplastics (NPs) with amino functional groups have wide distribution and high toxicity; however, their environmental behaviors remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the mechanisms of eco-corona formation on pristine polystyrene NPs (PSNPs) and aminated PSNPs (PSNPs-NH) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from a bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Our results revealed that at the two tested concentrations of EPS (5.

Preliminary Exploration of the Osteogenic Differentiation Mechanism of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulated by SYVN1.

Objectives: The osteogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an important aspect of studying osteoporosis (OP). This study aims to explore the role of SYVN1 in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and to suggest its potential as a treatment for OP.

Methods: BMSCs were differentiated using osteogenic induction.

Targeting novel regulated cell death: disulfidptosis in cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The battle against cancer has evolved over centuries, from the early stages of surgical resection to contemporary treatments including chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Despite significant advances in cancer treatment over recent decades, these therapies remain limited by various challenges. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a cornerstone of tumor immunotherapy, have emerged as one of the most promising advancements in cancer treatment.

Saliva Proteomics Highlights Potential BMI-Related Biomarkers for Forensic and Medical Research.

Obesity and underweight pose significant threats to human health as non-communicable diseases. In addition, body shape (like obesity or emaciation) is an important investigative clue in forensic practice. Body mass index (BMI) is a common indicator to reflect body shape of an individual.

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Dual-Emission Liquid Crystal Polymer Optical Waveguide for Logical Gate.

Information security has emerged as a critical concern in contemporary society. Leveraging optical logic gates with dual-emission characteristics offers a promising approach to enhancing information security. However, designing active optical waveguide materials (OWMs) capable of fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission remains a significant challenge.

Ocean current modulation of the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf, China.

Microplastic pollution, a major global environmental issue, is gaining heightened attention worldwide. Marginal seas are particularly susceptible to microplastic contamination, yet data on microplastics in marine sediments remain scarce, especially in the Beibu Gulf. This study presents a large-scale investigation of microplastics in the surface sediments of the Beibu Gulf to deciphering their distribution, sources and risk to marginal seas ecosystems.

Spatio-Temporal Change of Skin and Oral Microbiota: A Longitudinal Study of Microbial Diversity and Stability.

The human skin and oral cavity harbor complex microbial communities, which exist in dynamic equilibrium with the host's physiological state and the external environment. This study investigates the microbial atlas of human skin and oral cavities using samples collected over a 10-month period, aiming to assess how both internal and external factors influence the human microbiome. We examined bacterial community diversity and stability across various body sites, including palm and nasal skin, saliva, and oral epithelial cells, during environmental changes and a COVID-19 pandemic.

Phosphorescent Liquid Crystalline Polymer-based Circularly Polarized Luminescence Optical Waveguides for Enhanced Photonic Signal Processing and Information Encryption.

Efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) optical waveguides have significant potential for advancing photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of CPL optical waveguides materials (OWMs) with low optical loss coefficient remains a considerable challenge. To overcome this, we design and synthesize CPL OWMs based on room-temperature phosphorescent liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs).

Galactin-8 DNA methylation mediates macrophage autophagy through the MAPK/mTOR pathway to alleviate atherosclerosis.

DNA methylation modifications are an important mechanism affecting the process of atherosclerosis (AS). Previous studies have shown that Galectin-8 (GAL8) DNA methylation level is associated with sudden death of coronary heart disease or acute events of coronary heart disease. However, the mechanism of GAL8 DNA methylation and gene expression in AS has not been elucidated, prompting us to carry out further research on it.

Developmental validation of a novel all-in one assay of X chromosomal multi-insertion/deletion loci for forensic genetics.

Multi-insertion/deletion polymorphisms (Multi-InDels), as the novel genetic markers, show great potential in forensic research. Whereas, forensic researchers mainly focus on the multi-InDels on the autosomes, which can provide relatively limited information in some complex paternity cases. In this study, a novel X chromosomal multi-InDel multiplex amplification system was designed, containing 22 multi-InDels and one STR locus on the X chromosome.