Safety and risk factors of TINAVI robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery.

Objective: To determine the rates and risk factors of pedicle screw placement accuracy and the proximal facet joint violation (FJV) using TINAVI robot-assisted technique.

Methods: Patients with thoracolumbar fractures or degenerative diseases were retrospectively recruited from June 2018 and June 2020. The pedicle penetration and proximal FJV were compared in different instrumental levels to identify the safe and risk segments during insertion.

An innovative adjustable prone positioning frame for treatment of severe kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis with two-level osteotomy.

Purpose: This study aims to introduce an innovative adjustable prone positioning frame (APPF) and explore its feasibility and safety for treatment of severe kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with two-level osteotomy.

Methods: A retrospective, non-controlled study was conducted to illustrate the process where 13 patients diagnosed with severe kyphosis secondary to AS received operations on the APPF. Parameters of chin brow vertical angle (CBVA), global kyphosis (GK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), lumbar lordosis (LL) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured.

The Rates and Risk Factors of Intra-Pedicular Accuracy and Proximal Facet Joint Violation for Single-Level Degenerative Lumbar Diseases: Cortical Bone Trajectory Versus Traditional Trajectory Pedicle Screw.

Study Design: A retrospective study.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and proximal facet joint violation (FJV) in single-level degenerative lumbar diseases using cortical bone trajectory (CBT) and traditional trajectory (TT) techniques, and analyze their possible risk factors.

Summary Of Background Data: CBT screws have been utilized increasingly to improve cortical bone contact to prevent screw pullout and reduce approach-related morbidity.

Antioxidant Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential in regulating various physiological functions. However, overproduction of ROS is implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Antioxidant therapy has thus represented an effective strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress relevant inflammatory diseases.

Rescue of cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by accelerating the aggregation of β-amyloid peptide.

Background: Brain amyloid deposition is one of the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble oligomers formed during the process that causes β-amyloid (Aβ) to aggregate into plaques are considered to have major neurotoxicity. Currently, drug development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has encountered serious difficulties.

New vertebral fractures after osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture between balloon kyphoplasty and nonsurgical treatment PRISMA.

Background: Because of aging of population, osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) appears an increasing incidence rate. Conservative therapy (CT) and balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) have been used to treat OVCFs. However, an increase in new vertebral compression fractures at nontreated levels following BKP is of concern.

Biomechanical Fixation Properties of the Cortical Bone Trajectory in the Osteoporotic Lumbar Spine.

Objective: Selecting optimal strategies for improving fixation in osteoporotic lumbar spine is an important issue in clinical research. Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws have been proven to enhance screw pullout strength, but biomechanical efficacy of these screws remains understudied. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomechanical efficacy of CBT screws in osteoporotic lumbar spine.

Posterior osteosynthesis with monoaxial lateral mass screw-rod system for unstable C1 burst fractures.

Background Context: Surgical treatment for unstable atlas fractures has evolved in recent decades from C1-C2 or C0-C2 fusion to motion-preservation techniques of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, regardless of a transoral or a posterior approach, the reduction is still not satisfactory.

Purpose: The article describes and evaluates a new technique for treating unstable atlas fractures by using a monoaxial screw-rod system.

Activation of Toll-like receptors by intestinal microflora reduces radiation-induced DNA damage in mice.

Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling by intestinal microflora-derived bacterial products plays a key role in injury defence for the host. We investigated the role of TLRs activated by intestinal microflora in radiation-induced DNA damage in mice. We analyzed DNA damage induced by 2Gy γ-ray radiation in an intestinal commensal bacteria-depleted mouse model (CD group), in which TLRs (TLR2/6, TLR4 and TLR5) ligand levels in serum were reduced.

Surgical management of the fractures of axis body: indications and surgical strategy.

Purpose: The axis body fractures are relatively uncommon and have a variety of presentations. Surgical management to them has been only reported as case reports or included as a minor part of clinical management. The objective of this study is to summarize the indications for surgery and report the clinical outcome of surgical treatment based on different fracture patterns.

A de novo 1.38 Mb duplication of 1q31.1 in a boy with hemifacial microsomia, anophthalmia, anotia, macrostomia, and cleft lip and palate.

We reported a 2-year-old boy with developmental delay, mild mental retardation, and severe craniofacial malformation, including facial asymmetry with hypoplasia of the left zygoma, maxilla, and mandible, and left anophthalmia and anotia. A genome-wide screen revealed a 1.38 Mb duplication on chromosome 1q31.

Overexpression of the human ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL4A alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.

The ubiquitin E3 ligase CUL4A plays important roles in diverse cellular processes including carcinogenesis and proliferation. It has been reported that the expression of CUL4A can be induced by hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, the effect of elevated expression of CUL4A on hypoxia-reoxygenation injury is currently unclear.

Genome-wide scanning reveals complex etiology of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.

Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a common developmental disorder involving first and second pharyngeal arches. Although some family cases and such patients showing chromosomal aberrations suggest that OAVS have a genetic basis, no consistent genetic defects have been recorded at present time. Thus, we conducted genetic studies of a three-generation family with five OAVS patients to identify a causative variant for OAVS.

[The application of C1-2 pedicle screw fixation in treating atlantoaxial instability].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of C1-2 pedicle screw fixation and fusion technique in treating atlantoaxial instability.

Methods: From January 2006 to January 2009,18 patients with atlantoaxial instability were treated with C1-2 pedicle screws and plates fixation under general anesthesia. There were 11 males and 7 females, the age for 17-62 years with the mean of 37.

Activation of the central histaminergic system is involved in hypoxia-induced stroke tolerance in adult mice.

We hypothesized that activation of the central histaminergic system is required for neuroprotection induced by hypoxic preconditioning. Wild-type (WT) and histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC-KO) mice were preconditioned by 3 hours of hypoxia (8% O(2)) and, 48 hours later, subjected to 30 minutes of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Hypoxic preconditioning improved neurologic function and decreased infarct volume in WT or HDC-KO mice treated with histamine, but not in HDC-KO or WT mice treated with α-fluoromethylhistidine (α-FMH, an inhibitor of HDC).

Two neighboring microdeletions of 5q13.2 in a child with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum.

We describe a patient with multiple congenital anomalies, including hemifacial microsomia, asymmetric macrostomia, dysplastic mandible, multiple preauricular tags, atresia of the external auricular canal, and vertebral anomalies, which coincide with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. G-banding ( approximately 850 band level) showed a normal 46, XY karyotype. A genome-wide screen for copy number variations (CNVs) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays revealed a 1Mb and a 167 kb deletion both on chromosome 5q13.

Carnosine protects against permanent cerebral ischemia in histidine decarboxylase knockout mice by reducing glutamate excitotoxicity.

Recently, we showed that carnosine protects against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells through a histaminergic pathway. However, whether the protective effect of the carnosine metabolic pathway also occurs in ischemic brain is unknown. Utilizing the model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in mice, we found that carnosine significantly improved neurological function and decreased infarct size in both histidine decarboxylase knockout and the corresponding wild-type mice to the same extent.

[Recent advances in treatment of glial scar-induced inhibition of nerve regeneration].

Glial scar formed by central nervous system (CNS) injury is the main inhibitory barrier of nerve regeneration. How to promote axonal regeneration after injury,how to accelerate neural network reconstruction and how to improve brain function recovery have become a hot problem to be solved in the field of neuroscience. This article focuses on the recent advances of therapeutic strategies for axonal regeneration.

Physicochemical characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of indomethacin-loaded nanocarriers self-assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene.

Copolymeric nanocarriers assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene bearing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and ethyl glycinate (EtGly) as substitutes, were investigated as drug vehicles for indomethacin (IND). The physicochemical characteristics of the novel nanocontainers were studied, including lower critical solution temperature (LCST), critical micelle concentration (CMC) and drug loading capacity. LCST measurements revealed that copolymer is more sensitive to the introduction of salts into aqueous solution compared with homopolymer.

Local delivery of indomethacin to arthritis-bearing rats through polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic polyphosphazenes.

Purpose: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of indomethacin-loaded polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic polyphosphazene.

Methods: Amphiphilic polyphosphazenes (PNIPAAm/EAB-PPPs) with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EAB) as side groups were synthesized through thermal ring-opening polymerization and subsequent substitution reactions. Indomethacin (IND) loaded polymeric micelles based on PNIPAAm/EAB-PPPs were prepared by dialysis procedure.

Indomethacin-loaded polymeric nanocarriers based on amphiphilic polyphosphazenes with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and ethyl tryptophan as side groups: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.

The effects of copolymer composition, drug structure and initial drug feed on drug loading of polymeric micelles based on amphiphilic polyphosphazenes were investigated. It was found that the drug loading capacity of micelles based on this type of amphiphilic copolymers was mainly determined by copolymer composition and the chemical structure of drug. In addition to the compatibility between drug and micellar core, hydrogen bonding interaction between drug and hydrophilic corona may significantly influence drug loading as well.

Thermally responsive polymeric micelles self-assembled by amphiphilic polyphosphazene with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and ethyl glycinate as side groups: polymer synthesis, characterization, and in vitro drug release study.

Thermally responsive amphiphilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm)-grafted-polyphosphazene (PNIPAm-g-PPP) was synthesized by stepwise cosubstitution of chlorine atoms on polymer backbones with amino-terminated NIPAm oligomers and ethyl glycinate (GlyEt). Polymer structure was confirmed by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, and GPC. The thermosensitivity of PNIPAm-g-PPP aqueous solution was investigated by turbidity method.

[The study of the C5 nerve root palsy after surgery of cervical spondylosis].

Objective: To explore the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of the C5 palsy after surgery of cervical spondylosis.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-three cases treated from March 1994 to October 2003 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Seven of the 223 cases developed the complication of C5 palsy, manifesting the paresis of the deltoid muscle as well as the sensory deficits and (or) intractable pain in shoulder.

Thymosin-loaded enteric microspheres for oral administration: preparation and in vitro release studies.

Thymosin, a water-soluble polypeptide compound, was encapsulated within enteric microspheres of acrylic acid resin II by modified oil in oil (o/o) emulsion solvent evaporation method. The mixture emulsifier composed of lecithin and Span 80 was critical to the formation of sphere-shaped thymosin microparticles. Optimizing process parameters, such as the volume ratio of organic solvent to water, initial drug feed and polymer concentration, resulted in high drug encapsulation efficiency of 89.

Physicochemical characterization of polymeric micelles constructed from novel amphiphilic polyphosphazene with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate as side groups.

An amphiphilic graft polyphosphazene (PNIPAm/EAB-PPP) composed of oligo-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) as hydrophilic segments and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (EAB) as hydrophobic groups was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization and subsequent substitution reaction. The molar ratio of the PNIPAm segment to EAB group was 1.85:0.