Osteoarthritis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by a complex pathological mechanism, including chondrocyte dysfunction, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling, and molecular regulation abnormalities. Key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB, mitoase-activated protein kinase, and transforming growth factor-β are disrupted, leading to cytokine imbalance, oxidative stress, and excessive protease activity, which collectively contribute to cartilage degeneration. This review summarizes the potential causes of OA, focusing on cellular and structural abnormalities in cartilage, synovial tissue, and subchondral bone, as well as dysregulation of signaling pathways, gene regulation, and molecular mechanisms.

Injectable composite microspheres/hydrogel membranes for Achilles tendon regeneration.

Tendon injury is a common condition with potential for disability. Severe injuries such as tendon rupture often require surgical suturing to restore their structure and function. The healing process of tendons is a critical factor affecting clinical outcomes; however, their poor blood supply and low cellular density limit self-regeneration capabilities.

Male Sex, Younger Age, Lower Body Mass Index, Athletes, Shorter Time From Injury to Surgery, and Non-contact Injury Are Associated With Achieving the Thresholds for Substantial Clinical Benefit for Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose: To determine the thresholds for substantial clinical benefit (SCB) for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and to identify potential factors associated with achieving the SCB thresholds after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods: Patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACLR using hamstring tendon autografts at our institute were included. The collected PROMs included the visual analog scale for pain, Tegner Activity Scale (Tegner score), modified Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (Lysholm score), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDC score).

Identifying Risk Factors from Preoperative MRI Measurements for Failure of Primary ACL Reconstruction: A Nested Case-Control Study with 5-Year Follow-up.

Background: Identifying patients at high risk for failure of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements has received considerable attention. In this study, we aimed to identify potential risk factors for primary ACLR failure from preoperative MRI measurements and to determine optimal cutoff values for clinical relevance.

Methods: Retrospective review and follow-up were conducted in this nested case-control study of patients who underwent primary single-bundle ACLR using hamstring tendon autograft at our institution from August 2016 to January 2018.

Effect of conservative treatment on greater trochanteric pain syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Numerous studies have investigated conservative treatments for GTPS. However, there remains a lack of comparative analyses among treatment modalities, making it challenging to formulate the optimal conservative treatment strategy. This study aimed to compare conservative treatments for greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) in terms of their effectiveness in relieving pain and improving functional outcomes.

Higher incidence of postoperative complications in patients with simultaneous patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament ruptures following single surgery: a case series and literature review.

Background: Patients with simultaneous ruptures of the patellar tendon (PT) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) underwent PT repair and ACL reconstruction in a single or staged surgery. However, due to the limited cases, the design of previous studies was mostly case report with varying conclusions regarding recommended surgical strategy selection, the optimal surgical strategy remains a subject of debate.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series and literature review, including 10 cases from local institution and 27 cases from 17 studies.

Increased global posterior tibial slope is significantly associated with higher ACL graft signal intensity on 2-Year postoperative MRI after primary ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts.

Background: The healing and remodeling process of tendon grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has received significant attention. This study aims to identify preoperative factors associated with postoperative signal intensity of the ACL graft after primary ACLR.

Methods: A total of 90 patients underwent primary ACLR using hamstring tendon autografts by the same senior surgeon between January 2013 and December 2020 were included.

Acupuncture Provides Short-Term Functional Improvements and Pain Relief for Patients After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The impact of acupuncture on knee function and pain intensity following knee replacement remains controversial. Therefore, we categorized the postsurgery recovery period into 3 phases: short-term (≤2 weeks), intermediate-term (2 weeks-3 months), and long-term (>3 months), and then assessed the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving function and alleviating pain at different stages following knee replacement. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials that compared acupuncture intervention with either no treatment or a sham group after knee replacement.

Association of Concomitant MRI-Determined Anterolateral Complex Injury With Quantitative Measurements of Altered Rotational Tibiofemoral Position on MRI in Patients With ACL Injury.

Background: Reduced graft failure rates have been reported after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction combined with anterolateral complex (ALC) augmentation. However, the preoperative diagnosis of concomitant ALC injury remains a clinical challenge.

Purpose: To identify the altered rotational tibiofemoral position on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in ACL-injured patients with concomitant ALC injury.

Circulating tumor cells as potential prognostic biomarkers for early-stage pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is difficult to be diagnosed early clinically, while often leads to poor prognosis. If optimal personalized treatment plan can be provided to pancreatic cancer patient at an earlier stage, this can greatly improve overall survival (OS). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a collective term for various types of tumor cells present in the peripheral blood (PB), which are formed by detachment during the development of solid tumor lesions.

Femoral Tunnel Malposition, Increased Lateral Tibial Slope, and Decreased Notch Width Index Are Risk Factors for Non-Traumatic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for patients who sustain nontraumatic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) failure.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients undergoing primary or revision ACLR in our institution between 2010 and 2018. Patients sustaining insidious-onset knee instability without history of trauma were identified as nontraumatic ACLR failure and assigned to the study group.

Relationship between the Depth of Acetabuloplasty and Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in Patients with Global Pincer Femoroacetabular Impingement: Study with a Minimum Follow-Up Period of 2 Years.

Objective: There has been no definite consensus on the ideal depth of acetabuloplasty, especially in cases of global pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). This study aims to determine whether the depth of acetabuloplasty influences postoperative outcomes in cases of global pincer FAI.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from patients with global pincer FAI who underwent hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years from May 2014 to December 2018.

Comparisons of diagnostic performance and the reliability in identifying ACL injury between two measuring protocols of anterior tibial subluxation on MR images.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance in identifying an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and the reliability between two measuring protocols of anterior tibial subluxation (ATS).

Materials And Methods: A total of 165 patients with ACL injury and 157 ACL-intact patients were included in this study. Two different measuring protocols of ATS were performed on sagittal MR images, including the modified protocol using the longitudinal tibial axis (axis protocol) and the established protocol using a line perpendicular to the tibial plateau (plateau protocol).

Does capsular repair make a difference in the integrity and thickness of anterior capsule in the setting of borderline hip dysplasia.

Background: Hip joint capsular ligaments serve a fundamental role in balancing functional mobility and joint stability. However, few studies had focused on postoperative capsule changes in patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH).

Purpose: To evaluate the integrity and thickness of anterior hip capsular thickness on pre and postoperative MRI in BDDH patients.

A comparison between ultrasound-guided AIIS injection and radiography in the diagnosis of subspine impingement in patients with FAI.

Background: Subspine impingement (SSI) does not have effective diagnostic criteria, especially in patients who also have femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The classification of anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology via three-dimensional CT is controversial.

Purpose: To propose a method for ultrasound-guided AIIS injection as a way to diagnose SSI and evaluate the accuracy of radiography methods, including 3-D CT and MRI, as well as intraoperative findings.

Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Chinese Patients: A Minimum 2-Year Follow-up Study.

Background: Most of the research data of arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) have been generated from Western populations.

Purpose: To report the minimum 2-year follow-up results after hip arthroscopy for FAIS in Chinese patients.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Outcomes in Patients with Global Pincer Versus Focal Pincer Femoroacetabular Impingement Treated with Hip Arthroscopy: A Retrospective Study with a Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: Global pincer is a relatively rare form of pincer deformity and is typically associated with technical challenges during surgery. So far, controversy remains whether patients with global pincer have equivalent surgical outcomes compared to patients with focal pincer. This study compares the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic treatment between patients with global pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and focal pincer FAI in the Chinese population.

Arthroscopic Treatment for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this review was to analyze the effect of arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) in adolescents and factors that may influence the revision rate.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched from their earliest records to May 2021.

Extent of Cam Resection Relative to Epiphyseal Line and Its Association With Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment for Femoroacetabular Syndrome.

Background: Inadequate resection of cam lesions can cause inferior outcomes after hip arthroscopy and result in revision surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).

Purpose: To evaluate the association between postoperative cam lesions measured using the proximal boundaries of resection area (PBRE) relative to the epiphyseal line and 2-year outcomes after hip arthroscopy.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Hyperlipidemia does not influence clinical outcome in arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Background: Cholesterol can trigger degenerative processes in the chondrocytes. The internal layer of the hip labral consists of cartilage-specific type II collagen-positive fibrocartilage. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after arthroscopy labral repair in FAIS patients with preoperative hyperlipidemia to a control group with no hyperlipidemia.

Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome Shows Good Outcomes and Low Revision Rates, With Young Age and Low Postoperative Pain Score Predicting Excellent 5-Year Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and their predictors at a minimum 5 years' follow-up.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with FAIS after first-time unilateral hip arthroscopy between January 2010 and July 2016. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included the validated modified Harries Hip Score (mHHS) and Visual Analog Scale for Pain (Pain VAS).