Research Progress on Sport-Related Sudden Cardiac Death.

Physical exercise can reduce the overall risk of cardiovascular disease, prolong lifespan and improve the quality of life, but some studies have shown that there is a certain correlation between vigorous physical exercise and sudden cardiac death. A number of retrospective or prospective studies on sports-related sudden cardiac death (SrSCD) have been conducted at home and abroad. This article reviews the related studies on the definition, epidemiological characteristics, common causes of SrSCD and effects of excercise on cardiovascular function, pre-exercise screening and evaluation of SrSCD, in order to understand the latest research progress on SrSCD and provide clues and references for SrSCD research.

Epidemiology of Sports-Related Sudden Death in Guangdong Province.

Objectives: By retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics of sports-related sudden death (SrSD), the risk factors associated with SrSD were analyzed and explored to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of SrSD.

Methods: The personal information (sex, age, occupation, etc.), case information (time, place, type of sports, relative time between SrSD occurrence and exercise, etc.

Assisting Role of Pulmonary Hypostasis Phenomenon in Diagnosis of Drowning.

Objectives: To study the phenomenon of pulmonary hypostasis in corpses of various causes of death, and to explore the potential value of this phenomenon in assisting forensic pathological diagnosis of drowning.

Methods: A total of 235 cases with clear cause of death through systematic autopsy were collected from January 2011 to June 2021 in Guangzhou. According to the location of body discovery, the cases were divided into the water body group (97 cases) and the nonwater body group (138 cases), and the water body group was further divided into the water drowning group (90 cases) and the water nondrowning group (7 cases).

Evaluation of Inspection Efficiency of Diatom Artificial Intelligence Search System Based on Scanning Electron Microscope.

Objectives: To explore the application values of diatom artificial intelligence (AI) search system in the diagnosis of drowning.

Methods: The liver and kidney tissues of 12 drowned corpses were taken and were performed with the diatom test, the view images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diatom detection and forensic expert manual identification were carried out under the thresholds of 0.

Review and Thinking on Forensic Pathological Changes of Coronavirus-Infected Diseases.

Since the beginning of this century, three types of coronavirus have widely transmitted and caused severe diseases and deaths, which strongly indicates that severe infectious diseases caused by coronavirus infection are not accidental events. Coronavirus-infected diseases are mainly manifested by respiratory symptoms, with multiple organ dysfunctions. Precisely investigating the pathological process, characteristics and pathogenesis of coronavirus-infected diseases will be beneficial for us to understand clinical manifestations and provide targeted suggestions on prophylaxis and treatment.

Teaching forensic pathology to undergraduates at Zhongshan School of Medicine.

Producing qualified forensic pathological practitioners is a common difficulty around the world. In China, forensic pathology is one of the required major subspecialties for undergraduates majoring in forensic medicine, in contrast to forensic education in Western countries where forensic pathology is often optional. The enduring predicament is that the professional qualities and abilities of forensic students from different institutions vary due to the lack of an efficient forensic pedagogical model.

Xyloketal B alleviates cerebral infarction and neurologic deficits in a mouse stroke model by suppressing the ROS/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.

Xyloketal B (Xyl-B) is a novel marine compound isolated from mangrove fungus Xylaria sp. We previously demonstrated that pretreatment with Xyl-B exerted neuroprotective effects and attenuated hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. In the present study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of pre- and post-treatment with Xyl-B in adult mice using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model, and explored the underlying mechanisms.

LNK deficiency aggravates palmitate-induced preadipocyte apoptosis.

LNK (SH2B3) is an intracellular adaptor protein that negatively regulates cellular proliferation or self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells and some other progenitor cells. LNK is also recognized as a key regulator of insulin resistance and inflammatory responses in several tissues and organs. The function of LNK in adipose tissue is unknown.

A novel mutation in the STK11 gene causes heritable Peutz-Jeghers syndrome - a case report.

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare disorder characterized by multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation. STK11 has been identified as a causative gene for this disease.

Case Presentation: Herein we report a Chinese Han kindred with PJS.

CircRNA_000203 enhances the expression of fibrosis-associated genes by derepressing targets of miR-26b-5p, Col1a2 and CTGF, in cardiac fibroblasts.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in regulating gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of circRNA_000203 on expressions of fibrosis-associated genes in cardiac fibroblasts. CircRNA_000203 was shown upregulated in the diabetic mouse myocardium and in Ang-II-induced mouse cardiac fibroblasts.

Investigation of associations between ten polymorphisms and the risk of coronary artery disease in Southern Han Chinese.

A large-scale meta-analysis of 14 genome-wide association studies has identified and replicated a series of susceptibility polymorphisms for coronary artery disease (CAD) in European ancestry populations, but evidences for the associations of these loci with CAD in other ethnicities remain lacking. Herein we investigated the associations between ten (rs579459, rs12413409, rs964184, rs4773144, rs2895811, rs3825807, rs216172, rs12936587, rs46522 and rs3798220) of these loci and CAD in Southern Han Chinese (CHS). Genotyping was performed in 1716 CAD patients and 1572 controls using mass spectrography.

Common Variants in Promoter of ADTRP Associate with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in a Southern Han Chinese Population.

The first genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Han Chinese population, we reported recently, had identified rs6903956 in gene ADTRP on chromosome 6p24.1 as a novel susceptibility locus for CAD. The risk allele of rs6903956 was associated with decreased mRNA expression of ADTRP.

[Simulation and Observation of Vertical Cast-off Bloodstain Pattern].

Objective: To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools.

Methods: The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cm away from the wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chicken blood made the cast-off bloodstain from top to bottom.

[Death caused by anaphylactic shock: a forensic pathological analysis of 142 cases].

Objective: To explore the forensic pathological features of death caused by anaphylactic shock.

Methods: One hundred and forty-two death cases of anaphylactic shock were retrospectively analyzed. The IgE level in the serum of anaphylactic shock cases were statistically compared with that of 62 non-anaphylactic shock cases.

[Epidemiological characters of Yunnan sudden death syndrome and its research progress].

Yunnan sudden death syndrome (YSDS) is an abruptly fatal disease of unknown etiology, found mostly in central or northwestern mountain area (with altitude between 1,815 and 2,225 meters) of Yunnan province from June to September every year. It occurs mostly in young female adults, with high incidences in Lisu, Yi and Miao ethnics and high familial aggregation. The clinical manifestation of YSDS is changeful and the pathological characteristic is lack of specificity.

[Diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits' lungs].

Objective: To investigate the numbers, sizes and types distribution of diatoms in drowned and postmortem immersed rabbits' lungs.

Methods: Sixty-two rabbits were randomly divided into drowning group (n = 30), postmortem immersion group (n = 30) and land death group (n=2), and the diatoms in each lung lobe were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by microwave digestion and scanning electron microscopy.

Results: In the drowning group, the diatoms were detected in each lung lobe with Cyclotella and Melosira in the majority.

Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation by Pien Tze Huang via the AKT-mTOR pathway.

Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Chinese medicine that has been used as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of a number of diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of PZH on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assays, cell cycle and apoptosis rate analyses and western blotting were conducted to investigate the effects of PZH on the proliferation rate of ovarian cancer cells and its potential molecular pathway.

The up-regulation of endothelin-1 and down-regulation of miRNA-125a-5p, -155, and -199a/b-3p in human atherosclerotic coronary artery.

Background: Previous studies have reported important roles of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, the expression of these two proteins and the underlying mechanisms in human atherosclerotic coronary arteries are largely unknown.

Methods: We examined the expression of ET-1 and Ang II in pericardial fluid and coronary arteries from 25 individuals (n = 25) using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry.

EEN regulates the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cells by potentiating IGF-1 secretion.

The molecular mechanisms of multiple myeloma are not well defined. EEN is an endocytosis-regulating molecule. Here we report that EEN regulates the proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma cells, by regulating IGF-1 secretion.

[Gene detection of GPD1-L and the association with sudden unexplained death syndrome in young adults].

Objective: To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden manhood death syndrome (SMDS).

Methods: The genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of the SMDS group and the normal control group. The exons, exon-intron boundaries and 3'-UTRs of coding region of GPD1-L were PCR amplified and DNA sequenced directly to confirm the types of variations.

[Sudden death caused by aortic dissection: 63 cases of forensic pathological analysis].

Objective: To explore the cause of death, clinical manifestations and forensic pathological features of death cases caused by aortic dissection.

Methods: Sixty-three cases of aortic dissection were selected from forensic medical center, Sun Yat-sen University from 2001 to 2011 and retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The patients were mostly young and middle-aged male, aged from 30 to 49 years old.

Recombination analysis of autosomal short tandem repeats in Chinese Han families.

Recombination fractions between forensic STRs can be extrapolated from the International HapMap Project, but the concordance between recombination fractions predicated from genetic maps and derived from observation of STR transmissions in families is still ambiguous for autosomal STRs because of limited family studies. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to compare recombination fractions estimated by pedigree analysis with those derived from HapMap phase SNP data. Genotypes of nine autosomal STR pairs (TPOX-D2S1772, D5S818-CSF1PO, D7S3048-D7S820, D8S1132-D8S1179, TH01-D11S2368, vWA-D12S391, D13S325-D13S317, D18S51-D18S1364, and D21S11-PentaD) from 207 two-generation families with two to five children (the number of families with five, four, three, and two children was 2, 3, 20, and 182, respectively) were used to analyze the recombination.

[Genetic polymorphisms of 9 non-combined of DNA index system short tandem repeat loci in Guangdong Han population].

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphisms and their forensic application of 9 non-combined of DNA index system (CODIS) short tandem repeat(STR) loci in Guangdong Han population.

Methods: DNA samples from 500 unrelated individuals were extracted and amplified with fluorescence labeled multiplex PCR system. PCR products were separated and genotyped with capillary electrophoresis.