Subtraction fractional flow reserve with computed tomography and pericoronary fat attenuation index enhances the identification of revascularization needs in patients.

Background: Fractional flow reserve with computed tomography (FFR-CT) is influenced by calcified plaque artifacts, which can reduce its accuracy in predicting myocardial ischemia. Subtraction techniques can mitigate these artifacts, thereby enhancing diagnostic precision. However, the potential of subtraction FFR-CT and the pericoronary fat attenuation index (FAI) to improve the prediction of revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear.

Progression from Initial Lesions to Type B Aortic Dissection: A Patient-Specific Study of Computational Fluid Dynamics Models with Follow-up Data.

Background And Objective: The natural history of type B aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is highly heterogeneous. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model can be utilized to calculate a range of data pertinent to flow dynamics, including flow rates, blood velocity, pressure, and wall shear stress. This study presents a series of CFD simulations that model the dynamic progression from type B aortic IMH to false lumen formation.

Prognosis prediction in type B aortic intramural hematoma patients using a combined model based on aortic computed tomography angiography radiomics.

Background: The course of patients with type B aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) is unstable, and different studies have shown that the evolution of this type of IMH is highly heterogeneous. This study sought to explore the value of radiomics in predicting the prognosis of type B aortic IMH, and to develop and validate a prediction model of type B aortic IMH progression.

Methods: A total of 119 patients with type B aortic IMH who had not undergone surgical or thoracic endovascular aortic repair treatment were enrolled in this study.

Quantitative plaque characterization, pericoronary fat attenuation index, and fractional flow reserve: a novel method for differentiating between stable and unstable angina pectoris in a case-control study.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of coronary artery disease is essential for preventing serious cardiovascular events. Although coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is widely used in the clinic, it is limited because it only provides anatomical information, which makes differentiating in-depth between subtypes of noncalcified plaques and assessing the inflammatory state of coronary vessels difficult. Fractional flow reserve with computed tomography (FFR-CT) can be combined with CCTA to form a hybrid anatomic-physiologic diagnostic strategy.

Peripheral blood immune cell dynamics associate with growth of incidental indeterminate pulmonary nodules.

Objectives: Previous studies suggest peripheral blood immune cells associate with the progression and prognosis of lung cancer. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of peripheral immune cell and its dynamics with the growth of pulmonary nodules.

Materials And Method: Of 9280 subjects whom had blood cell counts and chest CT scan in health check-up, 1068 participants were enrolled with the incidental pulmonary nodules of above 5 mm in diameter and subsequently followed up for 2 years.

Risk factors of severe conditions in hospitalized children with adenovirus infection and chest CT features.

Background: Children infected with human adenovirus (HAdV) were at particularly high risk of developing severe disease, but the risk factors of severe conditions are poorly understood.

Objectives: To explore the risk factors for developing into severe conditions in pediatric patients with HAdV infection by analyzing baseline epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, and computed tomography (CT) imaging features.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 267 children with HAdV infection were included between October 2016 and September 2021 at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.

Impact of coronary computed tomography angiography-derived fractional flow reserve based on deep learning on clinical management.

Background: To examine the value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-derived fractional flow reserve based on deep learning (DL-FFRCT) on clinical practice and analyze the limitations of the application of DL-FFRCT.

Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, single-center study. Patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled.

Numerical investigations of the micro lunar dust particles deposition in the human oral respiratory airway.

Understanding the deposition of lunar dust (LD) particles in the human respiratory system is of great significance for protecting astronauts' health from the toxicity of lunar dust. A Euler-Lagrangian approach is adopted to track the LD particle motion in a human oral airway model. The investigations are conducted considering different inspiration rates and micro-particle sizes as well as different abnormal pressures and abnormal temperatures.

Application of computer-aided detection (CAD) software to automatically detect nodules under SDCT and LDCT scans with different parameters.

Purpose: To explore the application of computer-aided detection (CAD) software on automatically detecting nodules under standard-dose CT (SDCT) and low-dose CT (LDCT) scans with different parameters including definition modes and blending levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR), whose influence was important to optimize radiology workflow serving for clinical work.

Materials And Methods: 117 patients underwent SDCT and LDCT scans. The comprehensive performance of CAD in detect pulmonary nodules including under different ASIR blending levels (0%, 60%, and 80%) and high-definition (HD) or non-HD modes were assessed.

Reversible Bronchiectasis in COVID-19 Survivors With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pseudobronchiectasis.

To retrospectively analyze whether traction bronchiectasis was reversible in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and whether computed tomography (CT) findings were associated with the reversibility, 41 COVID-19 survivors with ARDS were followed-up for more than 4 months. Demographics, clinical data, and all chest CT images were collected. The follow-up CT images were compared with the previous CT scans.

Prospective Study of Low- and Standard-dose Chest CT for Pulmonary Nodule Detection: A Comparison of Image Quality, Size Measurements and Radiation Exposure.

Objective: To comprehensively and accurately analyze the out-performance of low-dose chest CT (LDCT) vs. standard-dose CT (SDCT).

Methods: The image quality, size measurements and radiation exposure for LDCT and SDCT protocols were evaluated.

IgG4-Related Disease: A Retrospective Chinese Study of Features and Treatment Response of 98 Patients Including 4 Rare Cases.

The features and treatment of 98 Chinese patients with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) referred to a single tertiary referring centre were reviewed. Patients diagnosed with IgG4-RD according to the comprehensive diagnostic criteria (CDC) were included in the retrospective study from May 2012 to March 2019. We collected data on clinical, laboratory, imaging, histological features and treatment.

Early fibroproliferative signs on high-resolution CT are associated with mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia patients with ARDS: a retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate the chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical outcome.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 79 COVID-19 patients with ARDS were recruited. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed.

Dynamic changes in computed tomography manifestations of 105 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China.

Objective: To observe the evolution of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations in 105 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: One hundred five patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled from 11 January to 9 February 2020. Sequential chest HRCT examinations were performed.

Clinical features of rheumatic patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.

Objective: The clinical features of rheumatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been reported. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 in rheumatic patients and provide information for handling this situation in clinical practice.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series study.

Early CT features and temporal lung changes in COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.

Purpose: To analyse the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) early imaging features and the changing trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: Forty-six patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who had an isolated lesion on the first positive CT were enrolled in this study. The following parameters were recorded for each lesion: sites, sizes, location (peripheral or central), attenuation (ground-glass opacity or consolidation), and other abnormalities (supply pulmonary artery dilation, air bronchogram, interstitial thickening, etc.

Successful recovery of COVID-19 pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient with long-term immunosuppression.

The current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised great concern worldwide, but its impact on transplant recipients is unknown. We report here the clinical features and therapeutic course of the first reported renal transplant recipient with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a 52-year-old man who received kidney transplantation 12 years ago.

Application of Low Tube Voltage, Low-concentration Contrast Agent Using a 320-row CT in Coronary CT Angiography: Evaluation of Image Quality, Radiation Dose and Iodine Intake.

The effect of low voltage and low concentration contrast agent on image quality of coronary CT angiography, radiation dose and iodine intake was evaluated. A total of 121 patients with body mass index (BMI) <26 kg/m and heart rate (HR) <70 beats/min were randomly divided into four groups: group A (n=31, 80 kVp, 270 mgI/mL); group B (n=33, 100 kVp, 270 mgI/mL); group C (n=30, 100 kVp, 320 mgI/mL); group D (n=27, 100 kVp, 400 mgI/mL). The automatic current modulation system and the iterative algorithm for reconstruction were adopted in each group.

Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the imaging characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.

Methods: Sixty-three confirmed patients were enrolled from December 30, 2019 to January 31, 2020. High-resolution CT (HRCT) of the chest was performed.

Comparison of Various Parameters of DWI in Distinguishing Solitary Pulmonary Nodules.

In order to prospectively assess various parameters of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), 58 patients (40 men and 18 women, and mean age of 48.1±10.4 years old) with SPNs undergoing conventional MR, DWI using b=500 s/mm on a 1.

Initial Application of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging in Evaluating Brain Development of Healthy Preterm Infants.

Objective: To explore the parametric characteristics of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the brain development of healthy preterm infants.

Materials And Methods: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DKI were performed in 35 preterm (29 to 36 weeks gestational age [GA]; scanned at 33 to 44 weeks postmenstrual age [PMA]) and 10 term infants (37.4 to 40.

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to superior vena cava that overrides across the intact atrial septum and has bi-atrial connection in a 75-year-old female presenting with pulmonary hypertension.

Background: Partial anomalous venous connection (PAPVC) is a rare congenital heart disease where the blood flow from one or more pulmonary veins (but not all) returns to the right atrium or systemic venous circulation and is often associated with a sinus venosus atrial defect (SVD). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can provide limited information for this anomaly and the diagnosis of this congenital defect has been a clinical challenge.

Case Presentation: We report here a case of a 75-year-old female with adult-onset pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), hypoxemia and right-sided chamber dilatation.