Synergistic tumor microenvironment modulation enabled by a nanozyme-boosted biomimetic macrophage-derived nanovesicle for highly efficient antitumor therapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) serving as key contributors. Immunosuppressive M2-type TAMs are associated with poor prognosis and treatment resistance, highlighting the need for strategies to reprogram these cells into pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes. To address this, we developed a TME-reshaping nanoplatform combining the tumor-targeting capability of M1 macrophage-derived nanovesicles (M1NVs) with the immunomodulatory and catalytic properties of hollow, virus-spiky hMnO nanozymes.

3D hESC Exosome-Derived Circular RNA hsa_circ_0076798 Inhibits M1 Macrophage Inflammatory Response and Alleviates Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing TNF/NF-κB Pathway Through miR-1184/DICER1 Axis.

Here, we employed human embryonic stem cell spheroid (3D hESCs)-derived exosomes to assess inflammatory responses of macrophages in liver fibrosis, and found that 3D hESC-exosomes promoted the transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype in vitro. The transplantation of 3D hESC-exosomes exhibited a notable decrease of pro-inflammatory factors, and significant increase of anti-inflammatory factors, and led to a reduction of CD86M1 macrophages and an increase of Arg-1M2 macrophages in the livers of treated fibrotic mice, restricting the advancement of liver fibrosis. hsa_circ_0076798, derived from 3D hESC-exosomes, acts as a molecular sponge that sequesters miR-1184, thereby mitigating miR-1184-mediated repression of DICER1 expression within macrophages.

Nanosecond pulsed electric field-empowered physical-chemical cascade ferroptosis therapy for triple-negative breast cancer.

Bis-allylic hydrogen atoms of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in biological membranes are major initiation sites of ferroptosis. However, the location of PUFAs in the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer makes it challenging for most ferroptosis-inducing drugs to interact with the PUFAs to promote lipid peroxidation (LPO), potentially limiting the occurrence of ferroptosis. Herein, we propose a new generalized method named physical-chemical cascade ferroptosis (PCCF) for triggering ferroptosis by disrupting the integrity of the cell membrane to expose bis-allylic hydrogen atoms that react with nanozyme MnFI under nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) assistance.

High-power injection-locked blue laser for Rydberg atom-based sensing.

A compact, high-power, and stable blue laser source is essential for Rydberg state excitation of rubidium (Rb) atoms, particularly for emerging Rydberg atom-based sensors that require portability for practical applications. In this work, we present an injection-locked laser system using blue laser diodes for both the leader and follower lasers near 480 nm, enabling efficient Rydberg state preparation of Rb and eliminating the need for nonlinear frequency-doubling. The locked follower laser delivers 263 mW of output power with a linewidth of 591(31) kHz after frequency stabilization.

Effect and mechanism of non-homopolymeric schizophyllan in wound healing.

Schizophyllan (SPG), a polysaccharide produced from Schizophyllum commune (S. commune), is recognized for its diverse biological functions, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite these potential benefits, research into its application in wound repair remains limited, particularly regarding non-homopolymeric SPG.

Resveratrol effectively promoted hepatocyte differentiation of hESCs by enhancing mitochondrial function through PGC-1α PPARγ pathway.

Despite their significant potential, hepatocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) exhibits characteristics of immature hepatocytes, similar to fetal liver cells. The quantity of the mitochondria, which functions as the main energy generators in mammalian cells, display the variation across distinct cell types with specific energy demands. However, the specific correlation between this variability and hepatocyte differentiation remains elusive.

Quantum Thermalization Dynamics of Fermi Gases Quenched to the BEC-BCS Crossover.

Understanding nonequilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting quantum systems represents one of the most challenging problems in many-body physics. Here, quantum thermalization dynamics are explored in real-time in an ultracold Fermi gas suddenly quenched to the BEC-BCS crossover. When quenched to unitarity, it is observed that the cloud size remains unchanged in the early evolution while the momentum distribution emerges two prethermal states with a lifetime difference of two orders of magnitude in the early and intermediate stage before very slowly evolving to the final stationary state.

Comparative physiological and cytological analysis, and omics approach provide clues to the coloring mechanism of the pumpkin yellow stems.

Background: The abnormal chloroplast and pigment accumulation could lead to plant yellowing. However, the plant tissue chlorisis is species-specific and could display various phenotypes due to the genetic and environmental impacts. The molecular mechanisms underlying the plant stem yellowing are less understood than the flower or leaf coloring mechanisms.

[Carbon Peaking Pathways in the Field of Energy Activities in Shanxi Province Based on the LEAP model].

Under the background of the "dual carbon" goal, Shanxi Province must crucially simulate the carbon peak path of energy activities in Shanxi Province and carry out provincial-level emission reduction measures and policy research, which is in the stage of evolution of resource-based economy. Taking the carbon emissions of energy activities in Shanxi Province as the accounting scope, the LEAP model was established in 2020 as the base year and on this basis, the carbon emissions of Shanxi Province were simulated and calculated to 2060 and its dynamic evolution trend over the next 40 years was simulated. Under the baseline scenario, Shanxi Province may find it difficult to peak carbon emissions before 2030.

The seasonal temperature conundrum for the Holocene.

Temperature is the key variable in the study of climate changes in the past and future. Most previous studies on past temperature reconstructions, however, have focused on the mean annual temperature (MAT). Here, focusing on the seasonal temperature reconstructions in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during the Holocene period, we show that the change in seasonal cycle of temperature reconstructions is severely underestimated in comparison with the expectation from present observations.

-induced septic arthritis of the hip in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Septic arthritis of the hip (SAH) is a prevalent form of infectious arthritis in children that can lead to serious complications if not promptly diagnosed and treated. A 6-year 4-month-old female child with a 1-year history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy was admitted to our hospital due to a 1-day fever. After 1 week, the child experienced right inguinal pain and exhibited severe restriction in the flexion of the right lower limb and hip.

Optomechanical Dark-Mode-Breaking Cooling.

Optomechanical cooling of multiple degenerate mechanical modes is prevented by the mechanical dark mode due to destructive interference. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of simultaneous cooling of two near-degenerate mechanical modes by breaking the mechanical dark mode in a two-membrane cavity optomechanical system. The dark mode is generated as the system passes the exceptional point of the anti-parity-time symmetric scheme.

Large-Scale Production of Expandable Hepatoblast Organoids and Polarised Hepatocyte Organoids From hESCs Under 3D Static and Dynamic Suspension Conditions.

To date, generating viable and functional hepatocytes in large scale remains challenge. By employing 3D suspension condition with the support of low concentration Matrigel, a novel culture system was developed to generate expandable hepatoblast organoids (HB-orgs) and mature polarised hepatocyte organoids (P-hep-orgs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in both dishes and bioreactors. scRNA-seq and functional assays were used to characterise HB-orgs and P-hep-orgs.

Effects of fecal sewage and antibiotic exposure stress on the intestinal microflora of weaned Tibetan piglets.

Unregulated pig farming practices expose pigs to fecal sewage and antibiotic stress, which are common health risk factors. Thus, its effects on the animals' intestinal microflora were investigated herein. In total, 2,315,563 high-quality sequences were obtained via amplitude sequencing and, after OUT clustering, the fecal sewage group was identified to have the highest number and the antibiotic exposure group the lowest.

Spatiotemporal distribution of global peatland area during the Holocene.

Peatlands are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems, and their development has an important impact on global carbon cycle and climate change. However, the long-term evolution of global peatlands remains uncertain, particularly their spatial distribution. We compiled 4700 basal peatland data during Holocene, and 669 pollen data of Sphagnum with basal and end ages, to allow a more robust reconstruction of the spatial distribution of peatlands.

A qualitative exploration of perioperative subjective experiences of colorectal cancer patients undergoing fast-track surgery.

Colorectal cancer significantly impacts patient quality of life and burdens healthcare systems globally. Fast-track surgery (FTS) aims to alleviate some of these impacts by expediting recovery and reduce the physiological stress associated with traditional surgical approaches. Despite the clinical efficiency of FTS, there exists a gap in the literature concerning patients' subjective experiences during the perioperative period.

Generation of Functioning Platelets from Mature Megakaryocytes Derived from CD34 Umbilical Cord Blood Cells.

Clinically patients with thrombocytopenia are in urgent need of platelet transfusion, thus it is necessary to produce the platelets in large scale in vitro to meet the clinical needs. In this study, we developed efficient protocol to generate functioning platelets by differentiating umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD34 cells into mature megakaryocytes. Under our condition, up to 85% of mature megakaryocytes were generated from CB-derived CD34 cells, and over 75% CD42bCD62p platelets were produced.

Numerical modeling and parametric analysis of temperature distribution in soil based on water content variation under radio frequency heating for in-situ thermal remediation.

Radio frequency heating (RFH) is recognized as an efficient and economical method for volatilizing organic pollutants from contaminated soils. Although some numerical simulations have been conducted to predict temperature changes during RFH, models that account for effects of water content (WC) variation on dielectric properties and temperature evolution in soil were rarely reported. To address this, a three-dimensional numerical model integrating electromagnetic-thermal conversion, heat transfer, and mass transfer was developed with coupling dynamic changes in WC and corresponding impacts on soil properties.

Climate and cultural evolution drove Holocene cropland change in the Huai River Valley, China.

As an important way of maximizing land productivity by growing more than one crop type in the same field, mixed cropping has been an effective option for sustaining population growth under different climatic conditions since prehistoric period. We used a combination of archaeological data and an improved prehistoric land use model (PLUM) to quantitatively reconstruct spatiotemporal changes in cropland types and areas in the Huai River Valley of China, a core region of mixed cropping during the Holocene. The total cropland area increased more than 25 times during 8-2 ka BP, with northward expansion of rice-dominated cultivation during 5-4 ka BP and southward expansion of dry-dominated cultivation after 4 ka BP.

Anomalous thermodynamic cost of clock synchronization.

Clock synchronization is critically important in positioning, navigation and timing systems. While its performance has been intensively studied in a wide range of disciplines, much less is known for the fundamental thermodynamics of clock synchronization‒what limits the precision and how to optimize the energy cost for clock synchronization. Here, we report the first experimental investigation of two stochastic autonomous clocks synchronization, unveiling the thermodynamic relation between the entropy cost and clock synchronization in an open cavity optomechanical system.

Changes in monsoon precipitation in East Asia under a 2°C interglacial warming.

Past intervals of warming provide the unique opportunity to observe how the East Asia monsoon precipitation response happened in a warming world. However, the available evaluations are primarily limited to the last glacial-to-interglacial warming, which has fundamental differences from the current interglacial warming, particularly in changes in ice volume. Comparative paleoclimate studies of earlier warm interglacial periods can provide more realistic analogs.