Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates new proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathogenesis.

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain incompletely understood, and the disease continues to impose a substantial burden on global health. In this study, we integrated the data from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS; N = 898,130) of T2DM with human plasma protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL; N = 53,022) data to conduct the first proteome-wide association study (PWAS) of T2DM. Following Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses, we identified nine independent putatively causal proteins.

Characterization of an Endo-1,3-fucanase from the Glycoside Hydrolase 107 Family.

Sulfated fucans are functional polysaccharides derived from marine food, including brown algae and echinoderms, and are widely studied for their nutritional value and bioactive properties. Endo-1,3-fucanases are ideal tools for the research and development of sulfated fucans. However, the current understanding of the subsite specificity of endo-1,3-fucanases from the GH107 family remains limited, which hinders their potential applications of fucanases.

Effect of lipopolysaccharides and mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance and bone development in broilers.

Modern-day broilers are prone to disproportionate bone development besides beneficial broiler performance parameters. ​Cardinally, global concerns on production and welfare parameters are associated with altered intestinal health and bone homeostatic disturbances pertaining to oxidative stress and inflammation caused by coccidiosis.​ ​Nonetheless, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) released into systemic circulation during gut barrier integrity disruption also inhibits bone formation.

Surface structures of Au and Rh deposited on O-pre-adsorbed Cu(110).

We have studied the structures of Au and Rh deposited on (2 × 1)O-Cu(110) and c(6 × 2)O-Cu(110) surfaces with varied surface probe techniques and modeling based on density functional theory. On either (2 × 1)O-Cu(110) or c(6 × 2)O-Cu(110) surface, the deposited Au nucleated into fractal two-dimensional islands and grew further into thin films via a layer-by-layer fashion. Both the (2 × 1) and c(6 × 2) ordered structures persisted notably despite the grown Au thin films, not only as the Au atoms were stacked according to the O-Cu(110) lattice but also as both O and Cua (referring to the added Cu alternating with O at the O-Cu(110) surfaces) remained at the surface and formed Cua-O-Au structures to promote the surface stability.

Efficacy and Biosafety of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Biofortified in Egg Yolk in Mice Fed Two Levels of Dietary Fat.

Background: Vitamin D inadequacy remains a public health concern, particularly in individuals with obesity. Biofortified eggs with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may increase intakes of the active metabolite of this nutrient by the public.

Objectives: This study determined efficacy, biosafety, and gut microbiome impact of 25(OH)D biofortified in egg yolk compared with a synthetic form in mice fed a control or high-fat diet (HFD).

Cross-sectional study of myopia prevalence and associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2021.

Purpose: Myopia is a growing global health issue, particularly among Chinese children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Shaanxi Province, China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in 2021 included 261,504 participants from Guanzhong, Southern Shaanxi, and Northern Shaanxi.

SAE1 emerges as a pan-cancer driver and key regulator of HCC metastasis.

Introduction: Dysregulation of SUMOylation is implicated in cancer progression. While the role of SUMO-activating enzyme (SAE) and its mechanisms in cancer remain unclear.

Objectives: We investigated the role of SAE subunit 1 (SAE1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis.

Aroma Release and Consumer Perception During Cider Consumption.

Flavor is an important property affecting consumer acceptance, yet little is known about the correlation between the sensory attributes, volatile compounds, and consumer preference during cider consumption. This study was the first to evaluate which sensory attributes of commercial apple ciders in China were preferred by Chinese consumers. Meanwhile, GC-MS and GC-IMS were conducted to characterize the aroma release both in orthonasal and retronasal olfactory perceptions.

Combined traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics (TCMP) alleviates lipid accumulation and improves metabolism in high-fat diet mice via the microbiota-gut-liver axis.

Lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) pose significant threats to human health, and place a substantial burden on individuals and society. In this study, a novel combination comprising three traditional Chinese herbs (lotus leaf, hawthorn, and leaf of Chinese holly) and a probiotic (Bifidobacterium lactis BPL-1) (TCMP) was prepared. Then, its effects on growth performance, fat accumulation, hepatic function and gut microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet were investigated.

Effects of dietary supplementation with a polyherbal based product on sporozoites viability and on growth performance, lesion score, gut permeability, oocyst shedding count, tight junction, pro-inflammatory cytokine, and antioxidant enzyme in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp.

Two in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of a natural polyherbal mixture (PHM) manufactured from selected herbs in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. For the in vitro trial, E. tenella and E.

Structural Determination and Functional Residues Analysis of a CBM99 Family Carbohydrate-Binding Module Targeting Porphyran.

Porphyran is a bioactive polysaccharide extensively distributed in algae of the genus . Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are independent domains often found in carbohydrate-active enzymes that function to bind carbohydrates and have various applications. Only one porphyran-binding CBM has been hitherto structurally characterized.

Effects of graded yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, immunity and intestinal development of broiler chickens raised in floor pens for 42 days.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of a novel soluble yeast cell wall (YCW) on growth performance, gut health, intestinal morphology, and immune response in broiler chickens for 42 days. A total of 480 one-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly assigned to four treatments with six replicates and each replicate of twenty broiler chickens: a control group (CON) without feed additive supplementation, and three groups supplemented with YCW at 0.025 % (YCW1), 0.

Carbohydrate-binding module could integrate with ELISA and serve the simple and specific quantification of hyaluronic acid.

Quantification is essential in the research and development of polysaccharides. However, achieving simplicity and specificity in polysaccharide quantification remains a challenging task. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on antibodies provides a straightforward and specific quantification strategy.

The structure investigation of GH174 endo-1,3-fucanase revealed an unusual glycoside hydrolase fold.

Sulfated fucan has attracted increasing research interest due to its various biological activities. Endo-1,3-fucanases are favorable tools for structure investigation and structure-activity relationships establishment of sulfated fucan. However, the three-dimensional structure of enzymes from the GH174 family has not been disclosed, which hinders the understanding of the action mechanism.

Characterization and structural identification of a novel alginate-specific carbohydrate-binding module (CBM): The founding member of a new CBM family.

Alginate is a commercially important polysaccharide widely distributed in brown algae. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a class of commonly used polysaccharide-binding proteins, have greatly facilitated the investigations of polysaccharides. Few alginate-binding CBMs have been hitherto reported and structurally characterized.

Characterization and elucidation of a novel M-specific alginate lyase Aly7Aq with strict recognition at subsites ±2.

A novel alginate lyase Aly7Aq was cloned and heterologous expressed by a combination of bioinformatics and molecular biology. Aly7Aq was an M-specific alginate lyase, exhibiting optimum reaction conditions at 50 °C and pH 10.0.

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Gelling and Emulsifying Properties of Soy β-Conglycinin and Glycinin.

This study investigated the impact of different preheat treatments on the emulsifying and gel textural properties of soy protein with varying 11S/7S ratios. A mixture of 7S and 11S globulins, obtained from defatted soybean meal, was prepared at different ratios. The mixed proteins were subjected to preheating (75 °C, 85 °C, and 95 °C for 5 min) or non-preheating, followed by spray drying or non-spray drying.

A comprehensive review of sulfated fucan from sea cucumber: Antecedent and prospect.

Sulfated fucan from sea cucumber is mainly consists of L-fucose and sulfate groups. Recent studies have confirmed that the structure of sulfated fucan mainly consists of repeating units, typically tetrasaccharides. However, there is growing evidence indicating the presence of irregular domains with heterogeneous units that have not been extensively explored.

Effects of methionine supplementation in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, oxidative status, intestinal health, oocyst shedding, and methionine and folate metabolism in broilers under Eimeria challenge.

Background: This study investigated effects of different methionine (Met) supplementation levels in a reduced protein diet on growth performance, intestinal health, and different physiological parameters in broilers under Eimeria challenge. A total of 600 fourteen-day-old Cobb500 male broilers were challenged with E. maxima, E.

Effects of supplementation on the performance and gut health of laying hens challenged with mixed species.

Background: Coccidiosis outbreaks in susceptible laying hens can significantly decrease egg production and cause substantial economic loss to the egg industry. The supplementation of poultry diets with chemotherapeutic agents is limited due to antimicrobial resistance and residue in poultry meat or processed products. Therefore, alternative strategies to control coccidiosis are needed, and () might have the potential to be a phytogenic feed additive, an alternative to anticoccidial agents.

Characterization and Structural Analysis of a Novel Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Family 96 with Chondroitin Sulfate-Specific Binding Capacity.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the predominant glycosaminoglycan within the human body and is widely applied in various industries. Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) possessing the capacity for carbohydrate recognition are verified to be important tools for polysaccharide investigation. Only one CS-specific CBM, PhCBM100, has hitherto been characterized.

Structural investigation of Fun168A unraveling the recognition mechanism of endo-1,3-fucanase towards sulfated fucan.

Background: Sulfated fucan has gained interest due to its various physiological activities. Endo-1,3-fucanases are valuable tools for investigating the structure and establishing structure-activity relationships of sulfated fucan. However, the substrate recognition mechanism of endo-1,3-fucanases towards sulfated fucan remains unclear, limiting the application of endo-1,3-fucanases in sulfated fucan research.

Identification and characterization of a chondroitinase ABC with a novel carbohydrate-binding module.

Chondroitinases play important roles in structural and functional studies of chondroitin sulfates. Carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) is generally considered as an accessory module in carbohydrate-active enzymes, which promotes the association of the appended enzyme with the substrate and potentiates the catalytic activity. However, the role of natural CBM in chondroitinases has not been investigated.

The α-linkage in funoran and agarose could be hydrolyzed by a GH96 family enzyme: Discovery of the α-funoranase.

Agarans represent a group of galactans extracted from red algae. Funoran and agarose are the two major types and commercially applied polysaccharides of agaran. Although the glycoside hydrolases targeting β-glycosidic bonds of agaran have been widely investigated, those capable of degrading α-glycosidic bonds of agarose were limited, and the enzyme degrading α-linkages of funoran has not been reported till now.