An amphiphilic peptide with unnatural amino acids as an alignment medium for RDC measurements.

The multiple oligopeptides have been regarded as promising alignment media due to their structural diverseness and tendency for self-assembly in solution. Herein, an assembled amphiphilic peptide alignment medium, i.e.

Tumour immunotherapy: past, present, and future.

The seminal contributions of Jenner and Pasteur marked a paradigm shift in the field, transitioning immunology from the realm of mystical experience to that of reproducible science. The foundational principle underlying this transition, namely the utilisation of pathogen characteristics to stimulate specific bodily defences, continues to serve as a foundational principle in contemporary immunotherapy. In this review, commencing with the origins and development of immunotherapy, we propose a "synergistic functional loop" model of tumour immunity, which comprises an antigen-sensing loop, a cytotoxic-killing loop, an immunoregulatory loop, and a tumour-educating loop.

Emodin-derived red-emissive carbon dots: Light-driven ROS generation and antioxidant activities in non-illuminative regimes.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play dual roles in physiological processes and disease pathogenesis, making their precise regulation crucial for therapeutic applications. Herein, we report the rational design of red-emissive carbon dots (CDs) with light-switchable pro-oxidant/antioxidant bifunctionality for precision nanomedicine. Synthesized from emodin and urea via a solvothermal method, these N-doped CDs exhibit: (1) red emission (>650 nm) with enhanced tissue penetration, (2) efficient type I/II ROS generation under light irradiation, (3) effective ROS scavenging in darkness , and superior water solubility and biocompatibility for in vivo applications.

Structure Confirmation of Quinazolinone and Hydroindole Using Residual Dipolar Couplings From Polyarylisocyanide Liquid Crystal.

Determining the constitution and configuration is a critical step in characterizing the structure of small molecules. In addition to the classical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method conducted in isotropic solutions, the emerging anisotropic NMR parameters such as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) were also employed to clarify the structures of organic molecules. These RDCs not only confirmed that the unexpectedly synthesized product was a quinazolinone but also validated the relative configuration of the diastereoisomeric hydroindole in a polyarylisocyanide lyotropic liquid crystalline solution through the induction of anisotropy.

Enhanced prognostic prediction of cancer-specific mortality in elderly bladder cancer patients post-radical cystectomy: an XGBoost model study.

Background: Tumor stage, surgery and age are positively correlated with cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (BCa). In light of the successful application of machine learning to process big data in many fields outside of medicine, we aimed to establish and validate whether machine learning models could improve our ability to predict the development of CSM in elderly BCa patients after radical cystectomy (RC).

Methods: Data on eligible patients diagnosed with BCa were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2021) and divided into training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3.

Comparison of machine learning and logistic regression models for predicting emergence delirium in elderly patients: A prospective study.

Objective: To compare the performance of machine learning and logistic regression algorithms in predicting emergence delirium (ED) in elderly patients.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a Chinese teaching tertiary hospital and collected the details of 1045 patients who underwent noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia. Characteristic variables related to ED were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO).

Clinical value of inflammatory indices in predicting poor prognosis and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage.

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke has a high mortality and disability rate. Among them, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an important factor leading to adverse outcomes. IVH can induce acute obstructive hydrocephalus and chronic communicating hydrocephalus.

Near-infrared Emission Carbon Dots Derived from Bromo-Substituted Perylene Derivatives with Simultaneously High Type I/II ROS Generation for Effective Bacterial Elimination and Tumor Ablation.

Bacterial infections and tumor tissues are characterized by complex microenvironments with uneven oxygen availability. Effective photodynamic therapy for these conditions requires photosensitizers that can perform optimally within such environments, specifically by generating both type I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) simultaneously. Carbon dots (CDs), a type of fluorescent nanomaterial smaller than 10 nm, are commonly used to treat bacterial infections and tumors.

Global burden of central nervous system tumors and cancers in older adults: the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: This study aims to elucidate and predict the global disease burden and trends associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors and cancers among older patients.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were used to calculate the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), death rate (ASDR), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to assess burden and trends from 1990 to 2021. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project the global burden of CNS tumors and cancers in older patients over the next 30 years.

DACH-Based Chiral Sensing Platforms as Tunable Benzamide-Chiral Solvating Agents for NMR Enantioselective Discrimination.

Chiral discrimination is an indispensable tool that has pivotal importance in the assignment of absolute configuration and determination of enantiomeric excess in chiral compounds. A series of enantiomerically pure -1,2-diaminocyclohexane (-DACH)-derived benzamides were first synthesized by simple chemical steps, and 14 variated derivatives have been assessed as NMR chiral solvating agents (CSAs) for discrimination of the signals of mandelic acid (MA) in H NMR analysis. The highly efficient chiral recognition of CSA on different substrates, including MAs, carboxylic acids, amino acid derivatives, and phosphoric acids (32 examples), was expanded via H, F, and P NMR spectroscopy.

Glycerol Modulated Collagen Fibril Evolution and Lamellar Organization for Biomimetic Corneal Substitutes Construction.

Collagen as the main structural component of the cornea exhibits unique and highly organized fibril lamellae, which contribute to the maintenance of corneal structure and transparency. Nevertheless, collagen assembly in vitro to create ideal artificial corneal substitutes with human cornea comparable thickness and optics is still limited. Here, glycerol as a regulator can reconcile collagen thickness, transparency, and permeability, a conflicting goal by current keratoprosthesis strategies.

Efficacy and safety of different oral prednisone tapering courses in adult anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Objective: In adult anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, corticosteroids are commonly used as first-line treatment. However, the optimal oral prednisone tapering (OPT) following intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy remains unclear. We aim to compare the efficacy and safety of different OPT courses in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Enantiospecific Analysis of Carboxylic Acids Using Alkaloid Dimers as Chiral Solvating Agents.

alkaloid derivatives as Brønsted base catalysts have attracted considerable attention in the field of asymmetric catalysis. However, their potential application as chiral solvating agents has not been described. In this research, we investigated the use of the alkaloid dimer, namely, (DHQ)PHAL, as a chiral solvating agent for discerning various mandelic acid derivatives through H NMR spectroscopy.

Polyarylisocyanides Derived from an Alkyne-Pd(II) Catalyst as Robust Alignment Media with Excellent Enantiodiscimination.

The development of chiral alignment media for measuring anisotropic NMR parameters provides an opportunity to determine the absolute configuration of chiral molecules without the need for derivatization. However, chiral alignment media with a high and robust enantiodiscriminating property for a wide range of chiral molecules are still scarce. In this study, we synthesized cholesterol-end-functionalized helical polyisocyanides from a chiral monomer using a cholesterol-based alkyne-Pd(II) initiator.

Formulation and Performance of NBR/CR-Based High-Damping Rubber Composites for Soundproof Using Orthogonal Test.

Multiple functional-material-filled nitrile butadiene rubber/chloroprene rubber (NBR/CR) acoustic composites were extensively studied and prepared. According to the orthogonal test table L25 (5), 25 groups of samples were prepared by using a low-temperature one-time rubber mixing process. With tensile strength, average transmission loss, and damping peak as indexes, the influence degree of different factors and levels on the properties of acoustic composites was quantitatively discussed and analyzed.

Metformin Alleviates Delayed Hydrocephalus after Intraventricular Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Inflammation and Fibrosis.

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with high morbidity and mortality. Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a common and major complication that affects prognosis, but the mechanism is still unclear. Inflammation and fibrosis have been well established as the major causes of PHH after IVH.

Necrostatin-1 decreases necroptosis and inflammatory markers after intraventricular hemorrhage in mice.

Necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis, can effectively inhibit necrotic apoptosis in neurological diseases, which results in the inhibition of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reactive oxygen species production and substantial improvement of neurological function. However, the effects of necrostatin-1 on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remain unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of IVH by injecting autologous blood into the lateral ventricle of the brain.

The meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system: Potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders.

The recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathways has challenged the long-lasting dogma that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks a lymphatic system and therefore does not interact with peripheral immunity. This discovery has reshaped our understanding of mechanisms underlying CNS drainage. Under normal conditions, a close connection between mLVs and the glymphatic system enables metabolic waste removal, immune cell trafficking, and CNS immune surveillance.

Design and Synthesis of Dipeptidomimetic Isocyanonaphthalene as Enhanced-Fluorescent Chemodosimeter for Sensing Mercury Ion and Living Cells.

A novel valine-based isocyanonaphthalene () was designed and synthesized by using an easy method and enabled the selective fluorescence detection of Hg. The chemodosimeter can display an immediate turn-on fluorescence response (500-fold) towards target metal ions upon the Hg-mediated conversion of isocyano to amino within . Based on this specific reaction, the fluorescence-enhancement probe revealed a high sensitivity toward Hg over other common metal ions and exhibited excellent aqueous solubility, good antijamming capability, high sensitivity (detection limit: 14.

A palladium-catalyzed sequential Heck coupling/C-C bond activation approach to oxindoles with all-carbon-quaternary centers.

Catalytic construction of oxindoles bearing all-carbon-quaternary centers attracts wide attention from the synthetic chemistry community. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed sequential Heck coupling/C-C bond activation of aryl halide-tethered alkenes with benzocyclobutenols affording a series of oxindole-derived compounds in good to excellent yields, as well as the preliminary enantioselectivity results.

Self-Assembly of Helical Polymers and Oligomers to Create Liquid Crystalline Alignment for Anisotropic NMR Parameters.

The measurement of anisotropic residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) parameters for the structure elucidation of organic molecules relies on suitable alignment media. Employment of self-assembled liquid crystalline systems to create anisotropic alignment can be an effective way to realize aligned samples and acquire RDCs. This Mini-review highlights the recent advances on amino acid-based helical polymers and supramolecular oligomers forming rigid, rod-like structures that aggregate into ordered liquid crystalline phases, including amino acid-based helical polyisocyanides, polyacetylenes, polypeptides, and oligopeptides assembled alignment media.

Fn14-targeted BiTE and CAR-T cells demonstrate potent preclinical activity against glioblastoma.

T cell-engaging therapies involving bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved great success in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, the paucity of ideal cell surface molecules that can be targeted on glioblastoma (GBM) partially reduces the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Recently, high expression of Fn14 has been reported in several solid tumors, so the strategy of exploiting this specific antigen for GBM immunotherapy is worth studying.

Azaheterocyclic diphenylmethanol chiral solvating agents for the NMR chiral discrimination of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids.

A series of small-membered heterocycle probes, so-called azaheterocycle-containing diphenylmethanol chiral solvating agents (CSAs), have been developed for NMR enantiodiscrimination. These chiral sensors were readily synthesized were inexpensive and efficiently used for the chiral analysis of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids. The sensing method was operationally simple and the processing was straightforward.