Long-Circulating Nanobody Confers Durable Prophylaxis against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Infection.

Breakthrough infections in vaccinated population and continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants make it imperative to develop more efficacious medical countermeasures. Previously, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanobody, Nanosota-3A, that neutralizes the infection of live Omicron BA.1 with picomolar potency, is identified.

Electrostatic Potential-Dominated Weak Solvation Chemistry for Synergistic Optimization of VO Cathode and Zn Anode.

Practical aqueous zinc-ion batteries face severe challenges from cathodic dissolution and anodic dendrite growth. Herein, we report a novel electrostatic potential-dominated weakly solvated electrolyte that correlates molecular charge anisotropy with both solvation thermodynamics and interfacial passivation kinetics. By regulating the electrostatic force among Zn, HO, and weak solvent, the attack ability of free water on vanadium oxide is efficiently reduced, and the vanadium dissolution is effectively prohibited.

Association of COVID-19 outcomes with measures of institutional and interpersonal trust: an ecological analysis using national data from 61 countries.

Despite the importance of human behavior in containing a disease outbreak, formal quantitative analyses examining the relationship between measures of trust and COVID-19 outcomes remain limited. We use data from Wave 7 (2017-2022) of the World Values Survey to assess the country-level relationship between trust and COVID-19 outcomes across 61 countries via clustering and regression. After adjusting for country-level confounders, our findings indicate that countries with low trust have significantly greater numbers of COVID-19 deaths (1200.

Exploring the impact of coffee consumption and caffeine intake on cognitive performance in older adults: a comprehensive analysis using NHANES data and gene correlation analysis.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of coffee consumption and caffeine intake on cognitive performance in older adults, with a particular focus on the potential mediating role of alkaline phosphatase(ALP).

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, involving 2,254 participants aged 60 and older. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) test, Animal Fluency test, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).

[Corrigendum] Umbilical cord‑derived mesenchymal stem cells promote proliferation and migration in MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells through activation of the ERK pathway.

Subsequently to the publication of the above paper, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that a pair of data panels appeared to contain overlapping data in each of Fig. 3A and C on p. 1473, showing the results of Transwell migration and scratch‑wound assay experiments respectively, where the data panels were intended to have shown the results from differently performed experiments; moreover, control GAPDH western blotting data featured in Fig.

Obacunone Alleviates Thalamic Pain via Promoting LCN2-Mediated Phagocytosis of Astrocytes in Mice.

Thalamic pain is a common pain syndrome following thalamic stroke with limited therapeutic options. Though the pathogenesis of thalamic pain is far from clear, accumulating studies have demonstrated that the ectopic activity of thalamic glial cells contributes to allodynia development after thalamic hemorrhage (TH). Obacunone (Oba) is a highly oxygenated triterpenoid extracted from a Chinese edible medicinal herb, Phellodendron, with a broad spectrum of biological activities in mediating glial depolarization.

Risk of Thyroid Tumors With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the association between glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use and risk of incident thyroid tumors.

Research Design And Methods: The retrospective, active-comparator new-user cohort study used international administrative claims and electronic health record databases. Participants included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with prior metformin therapy initiating a GLP-1RA versus new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), and sulfonylureas (SUs).

Comparative Safety of Second-Line Antihyperglycemic Agents in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Multinational Real-World Evidence From LEGEND-T2DM.

Background: As prescribing of newer antihyperglycemic agents expands, there remains limited comparative safety data for older adults-a population particularly vulnerable to adverse drug events and underrepresented in clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate the real-world safety of second-line antihyperglycemic agents among older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a multinational cohort study using nine harmonized electronic health record and claims databases from the U.

Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with sarcopenic obesity risk: a longitudinal observational study from the UK Biobank.

Objective: This study aims to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentration with the risk of sarcopenic obesity (SO) incidence.

Methods: We used the longitudinal observational data from the UK Biobank cohort to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of SO incidence (N = 46,535). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of SO incidence by sex.

Gut microbiota and intestinal immunity interaction in ulcerative colitis and its application in treatment.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by inflammation and injury of the colonic mucosa, exhibiting an increasing global incidence. Although research into UC pathogenesis is ongoing, the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Studies indicate that UC development results from a complex interplay of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, gut microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation.

Free glutaraldehyde gelatin microsphere loaded mesenchymal stem cells alleviate osteoarthritis by promoting expression.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder with limited treatment efficacy, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This study explores one-pot-synthesized gelatin microspheres devoid of glutaraldehyde as a novel biomaterial for OA management. Focusing on the gene, critical for cartilage development and downregulated in OA, we investigated its restoration and immune regulation using gelatin microspheres cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Profiling X chromosome genes expression relevant to sex dimorphism in stroke: insights from transcriptomics landscape analysis.

Introduction: Although age is the most important non-modifiable risk factor for cerebral stroke, it is also apparent that females commonly exhibit longer lifespan and better outcome after stroke compared to the age-matched males. A critical event after stroke is the peripheral infiltration of immune cells across damaged blood-brain barrier, which induces inflammatory and immune responses within the brain parenchyma and consequently worsen brain injury. These events are also dependent on age and display a sex different pattern.

Biomarkers in glioblastoma and degenerative CNS diseases: defining new advances in clinical usefulness and therapeutic molecular target.

Background: Discovering biomarkers is central to the research and treatment of degenerative central nervous system (CNS) diseases, playing a crucial role in early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and the development of new treatments, particularly for challenging conditions like degenerative CNS diseases and glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: This study analyzed gene expression data from a public database, employing differential expression analyses and Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules associated with degenerative CNS diseases and GBM. Machine learning methods, including Random Forest, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), and Support Vector Machine - Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), were used for case-control differentiation, complemented by functional enrichment analysis and external validation of key genes.

Insomnia and prostate cancer risk: insights from NHANES and gene correlation analysis.

Background: Sleep represents a pivotal circadian physiological process that is indispensable for sustaining a normal physiological milieu within the body. The potential role of sleep disorders in contributing to the onset and progression of cancer remains elusive, prompting this study to delve into the intricate relationship between sleep disturbances, specifically insomnia, and the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between sleep disorders and prostate cancer using weighted multivariate adjusted logistic regression analysis of data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2005-2008).

Knowledge map and emerging trends of oxidative stress in wound healing: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.

The skin's integrity is vulnerable to external elements that can induce injuries, leading to wound formation. It's crucial to comprehend wound healing processes to protect the body when this protective barrier is compromised. Over the last 2 decades, there has been considerable progress in understanding delayed wound healing, with a focus on the mechanisms and microenvironmental factors involved.

Semaglutide and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Importance: Semaglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently been implicated in cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), raising safety concerns in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To investigate the potential association between semaglutide and NAION in the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a retrospective study across 14 databases (6 administrative claims and 8 electronic health records).

Reporting of Fairness Metrics in Clinical Risk Prediction Models Used for Precision Health: Scoping Review.

Background: Clinical risk prediction models integrated into digitized health care informatics systems hold promise for personalized primary prevention and care, a core goal of precision health. Fairness metrics are important tools for evaluating potential disparities across sensitive features, such as sex and race or ethnicity, in the field of prediction modeling. However, fairness metric usage in clinical risk prediction models remains infrequent, sporadic, and rarely empirically evaluated.

The triglyceride-glucose index trajectories are associated with cardiovascular diseases in people living with HIV: evidence from a prospective cohort study in China, 2005-2022.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been validated as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prospective relationship between baseline and long-term trajectories of the TyG index and CVD risk in people living with HIV (PLWH) remains unexplored.

Methods: This cohort study included 16,122 treatment-naive PLWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from 2005 to 2022.

Cryo-EM structure of Sudan ebolavirus glycoprotein complexed with its human endosomal receptor NPC1.

Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV), like Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV), poses a significant threat to global health and security due to its high lethality. However, unlike EBOV, there are no approved vaccines or treatments for SUDV, and its structural interaction with the endosomal receptor NPC1 remains unclear. This study compares the glycoproteins of SUDV and EBOV (in their proteolytically primed forms) and their binding to human NPC1 (hNPC1).

Wireless Flexible Actuator Photoelectric Synergistically Driven for Environment Adaptability Crawling Robots.

Wirelessly driven flexible actuators are crucial to the development of flexible robotic crawling. However, great challenges still remain for the crawling of flexible actuators in complex environments. Herein, we reported a wireless flexible actuator synergistically driven by wireless power transmission (WPT) technology and near-infrared (NIR) light, which consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-graphene oxide (PDMS-GO) composite layer, eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn), a PDMS layer, and a polyimide (PI) layer.

Coupling Bifunctional Scaffolds with Slow Photon Effect for Synergistically Enhanced Photoassisted Lithium-Sulfur Battery Properties.

Photoassisted lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer a promising approach to enhance the catalytic transformation kinetics of polysulfide. However, the development is greatly hindered by inadequate photo absorption and severe photoexcited carriers recombination. Herein, a photonic crystal sulfide heterojunction structure is designed as a bifunctional electrode scaffold for photoassisted Li-S batteries.

Recent advances in osteoarthritis research: A review of treatment strategies, mechanistic insights, and acupuncture.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint condition affecting millions worldwide, characterized by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. Although the pathogenesis of OA is not fully understood, the roles of inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and biomechanical stress are increasingly recognized. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, yet they face limitations and challenges.