The immune signatures predict gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer response to first-line anti-PD-1 blockade or chemotherapy.

Background: Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy are key components of first-line treatment for advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (G/GEJ) cancer. However, the role of immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME) in predicting both therapy responses is still unclear.

Methods: ORIENT-16 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, and enrolled 650 patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic G/GEJ cancer between January 3, 2019, and August 5, 2020.

Rapid screening and annotation of the carbonyl submetabolome via bromine isotope-based derivatization sensitization assisted by structure-guided molecular network strategy.

Background: Carbonyl compounds (CCs) are extensively present in biological and food samples with broad concentration range and high reactivity. Despite advances in chemical isotope labelling assistant liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CIL-LC-MS) to address poor ionization efficiency and weak chromatographic retention, challenges remain in defining potential CCs by report ion and further accurately annotating labelled products due to the lack of experimental spectra. Improved strategies are needed to enhance the annotation of CCs.

Prediction of Retention Time by Combining Multiple Data Sets with Chromatographic Parameter Vectorization and Transfer Learning.

Retention time (RT) can provide orthogonal information to mass spectra, supporting the qualitative identification. However, RT is influenced by experimental conditions and column parameters, and it is difficult to have a large amount of RT data in the user's experimental conditions. Hence, various machine learning methods, including advanced deep learning approaches, have been developed for RT prediction.

Chondrocyte fatty acid oxidation drives osteoarthritis via SOX9 degradation and epigenetic regulation.

Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent age-related degenerative joint disease and is closely linked to obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that altered lipid metabolism in chondrocytes, particularly enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), contributes to osteoarthritis progression.

Sarcopenia defined by the global leadership initiative in sarcopenia (GLIS) consensus predicts adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: analysis from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) has recently established a conceptional definition of sarcopenia, which incorporated muscle strength, mass, and muscle-specific strength as three components of sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the value of sarcopenia defined by the GLIS consensus in predicting the postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Clinical data of 1654 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were prospectively collected.

Risk factors and prognostic impact of low physical performance in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of low physical performance in elderly patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and to explore the risk factors for low physical performance in these patients.

Methods: Clinical data of 840 elderly patients (≥ 65 years) who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were prospectively collected. Physical performance was assessed by 6-m usual gait speed test.

Muscle-specific strength predicts postoperative complications and survival in patients undergoing curative colectomy for colorectal cancer.

Background & Aims: Muscle-specific strength was recently proposed as a component for the definition of sarcopenia. However, no previous study has investigated the association between muscle-specific strength and postoperative outcomes. The present study aims to explore the association between muscle-specific strength and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colectomy for colorectal cancer.

Base-controlled regio-divergent C-H bond functionalization.

The choice of appropriate directing groups, catalysts, ligands, bases, and solvents to give different regioisomers from the same precursors can improve the efficiency and atom economy in synthetic organic chemistry, while minimizing costs and expanding know chemical space. Base-controlled regio-divergent C-H bond functionalization is an important control strategy in organic synthesis, with the advantages of being operationally simple, and using cheap and available bases with low-toxicity that are easily separable. This highlight is classified into three sections: base-controlled, base-controlled transition metal-catalysed and base-controlled photocatalytic regio-divergent C-H bond functionalization.

Artificial intelligence in lung cancer: current applications, future perspectives, and challenges.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly impacted various fields, including oncology. This comprehensive review examines the current applications and future prospects of AI in lung cancer research and treatment. We critically analyze the latest AI technologies and their applications across multiple domains, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, immunomics, microbiomics, radiomics, and pathomics in lung cancer research.

Chemical Proteomics Reveals That Camptothecin Weakens Insect Immunity against Bacteria by Suppressing Antimicrobial Peptide Expression.

Plant natural products are crucial in defending against herbivorous insects and are widely used in pest control, yet their mechanisms remain complex and insufficiently studied. This study employed a reverse strategy to investigate the mechanism of camptothecin (CPT), a botanical pesticide. By using a CPT-based chemical probe coupled with proteomic analysis, immune-related proteins, including those involved in prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis, were identified in the Asian corn borer, .

A new species of Isonychia Eaton, 1871 (Ephemeroptera: Isonychiidae) from Taishun, China based on morphological characteristics and COX1 gene.

Isonychia taishunensis Huang, Shen, Zhang & Cheng sp. nov. is described based on larval samples from Taishun County, Zhejiang Province, China.

Stair climbing outperforms gait speed in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A prospective study.

Background: Stair climbing test (SCT) and gait speed test (GST) are two physical performance measures, both of which are associated with postoperative outcomes. However, few studies have compared these two tests for the prognostic value.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Development and validation of a novel prognostic prediction system based on GLIM-defined malnutrition for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery.

Background: Malnutrition often occurs in patients with colorectal cancer. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on GLIM criteria for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery.

Methods: From December 2015 to May 2021, patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at our center were recruited for this study.

[Research progress of deep learning applications in mass spectrometry imaging data analysis].

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a promising method for characterizing the spatial distribution of compounds. Given the diversified development of acquisition methods and continuous improvements in the sensitivity of this technology, both the total amount of generated data and complexity of analysis have exponentially increased, rendering increasing challenges of data postprocessing, such as large amounts of noise, background signal interferences, as well as image registration deviations caused by sample position changes and scan deviations, and etc. Deep learning (DL) is a powerful tool widely used in data analysis and image reconstruction.

Diterpenoids from the Aerial Parts of with Selective Cytotoxic Activity.

Four new diterpenoids, isodosins A-D (-), together with nine known compounds (-) were isolated and identified from the aerial parts of (Maxim.) Hara. The structures of the new diterpenoids were elucidated based on the analysis of HR-ESI-MS data, 1D/2D-NMR-spectroscopic data, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

Hemorrhagic bronchitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection: A case report.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) is rarely found in community respiratory infections, and there are currently no reports of hemorrhagic bronchitis caused by its infection. This work presents a case of bronchial bleeding in a diabetic patient who acquired a community-acquired infection of CR-AB. Treatment with levofloxacin was unsuccessful, as the patient's hemoptysis symptoms recur.

Comparison of the cachexia index based on hand-grip strength (H-CXI) with the original CXI for the prediction of cancer cachexia and prognosis in patients who underwent radical colectomy for colorectal cancer.

Background And Aims: The cachexia index (CXI) is a novel biomarker for estimating cancer cachexia. The cachexia index based on hand-grip strength (H-CXI) has been recently developed as a simple proxy for CXI. The present study aims to compare both the H-CXI and CXI for the prediction of cancer cachexia and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent radical colectomy for colorectal cancer.

Prognostic value of GLIM-defined malnutrition in combination with hand-grip strength or gait speed for the prediction of postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients with cachexia.

Background: Cancer cachexia is associated with impaired functional and nutritional status and worse clinical outcomes. Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) consensus recommended the application of GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in patients with cachexia. However, few previous study has applied the GLIM criteria in patients with cancer cachexia.

Enhancing gene transfection of poly(β-amino ester)s through modulation of amphiphilicity and chain sequence.

Poly(β-amino ester)s (PAEs) have emerged as a type of highly safe and efficient non-viral DNA delivery vectors. However, the influence of amphiphilicity and chain sequence on DNA transfection efficiency and safety profile remain largely unexplored. In this study, four PAEs with distinct amphiphilicity and chain sequences were synthesized.

circ-Amotl1 in extracellular vesicles derived from ADSCs improves wound healing by upregulating SPARC translation.

Aim: This study aims to explore the mechanism of circ- AMOT-like protein 1 (Amotl1) in extracellular vesicles (Evs) derived from adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) regulating SPARC translation in wound healing process.

Methods: The morphology, wound healing rate of the wounds and Ki67 positive rate in mouse wound healing models were assessed by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The binding of IGF2BP2 and SPARC was verified by RNA pull-down.

Association between urine uranium and asthma prevalence.

Background: Previous studies showed that urine uranium (U) is associated with asthma prevalence in adults. However, the association between them among the general population is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this unclear association.

IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Objective: Insulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis.

The correlation of lymphocytes with disease progression of COVID-19.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of lymphocytes as biomarkers to predict the decline of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Lymphocytes were counted in 164 moderate COVID-19 patients in Shenzhen, China. Among the moderate infected patients, 12.