Chronic inflammation and cognitive frailty in older adults: A narrative review.

Cognitive Frailty (CF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the absence of dementia. This geriatric condition has emerged as a significant contributor to compromised health status and diminished quality of life among aging populations, yet its underlying pathological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Chronic low-grade inflammation, recognized as a hallmark of biological aging, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple age-related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, panvascular diseases, and cerebrovascular disorders.

Obesity indicators mediate the association between the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: This study analyzes data from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore the relationship between the Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI), also referred to as the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among adults in the United States. Furthermore, it evaluates the mediating effect of obesity indicators on this association.

Methods: This study included 9,947 individuals from NHANES and applied appropriate weighting techniques.

Facile construction of manganese-based contrast agent with high relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging via flash technology-based self-assembly.

To address the limitations of low relaxivity and physiological toxicity in commercial gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a novel manganese chelate macromolecular system was developed using a flash nanopreparation technique. Herein, the approach applying an instantaneous fluid device incorporated gallic acid, dopamine and Mn to perform polymerization of dopamine and covalent binding with albumin in a nanoconfined environment. This controllable self-assembly process characterized by its scalability and reproducibility was suitable for industrial-scale production.

A correlation study between cervical cancer and sex hormones.

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between positive TCT and sex hormone levels and to evaluate the feasibility of change in sex hormone level as a potential predictor of cervical cancer.

Methods: We recruited 910 female participants from the health examination center of a hospital in Guizhou between 2019 and 2023. All participants had undergone both hematologic examinations and cervical cancer screening.

Ultra-High Frequency Spinal Nerve Neuromodulation for Improving Bladder Continence: Implications for Overactive Bladder Management.

Objective: Ultrahigh frequencies (UHF) have been shown to selectively suppress the sensory pathway with a rapid onset and prolonged effect compared with low frequencies. Few studies have explored the feasibility of UHF electrical stimulation in treating overactive bladder. This study aimed to investigate whether bladder overactivity could be inhibited by UHF stimulation at the L6 nerve root.

Uncertainty guided semi-supervised few-shot segmentation with prototype level fusion.

Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) aims to tackle the challenge of segmenting novel categories with limited annotated data. However, given the diversity among support-query pairs, transferring meta-knowledge to unseen categories poses a significant challenge, particularly in scenarios featuring substantial intra-class variance within an episode task. To alleviate this issue, we propose the Uncertainty Guided Adaptive Prototype Network (UGAPNet) for semi-supervised few-shot semantic segmentation.

Spatial Context of Immune Checkpoints as Predictors of Overall Survival in Patients with Resectable Colorectal Cancer Independent of Standard Tumor-Node-Metastasis Stages.

The identification of specific spatial patterns of immune checkpoint expression that correlate with overall survival in patients with colon cancer suggests a potential prognostic tool for risk stratification and treatment selection. These findings pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Prognostic value of NT-proBNP and uric acid in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients after complete revascularization.

Objectives: To explore the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and uric acid (UA) in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after complete revascularization (CR).

Methods: The clinical and physical data from 125 acute STEMI patients (research group) who underwent CR between December 2017 and December 2020 and 60 healthy individuals (control group) who concurrently underwent physical examinations in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Serum samples were collected from both groups to determine the levels of NT-proBNP and UA.

Pilot study of using transcranial temporal interfering theta-burst stimulation for modulating motor excitability in rat.

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a promising brain stimulation method that can target deep brain regions by delivering an interfering current from surface electrodes. Most instances of tTIS stimulate the brain with a single-frequency sinusoidal waveform generated by wave interference. Theta burst stimulation is an effective stimulation scheme that can modulate neuroplasticity by generating long-term potentiation- or depression-like effects.

A Trustworthy Counterfactual Explanation Method With Latent Space Smoothing.

Despite the large-scale adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models in healthcare, there is an urgent need for trustworthy tools to rigorously backtrack the model decisions so that they behave reliably. Counterfactual explanations take a counter-intuitive approach to allow users to explore "what if" scenarios gradually becoming popular in the trustworthy field. However, most previous work on model's counterfactual explanation cannot generate in-distribution attribution credibly, produces adversarial examples, or fails to give a confidence interval for the explanation.

Sacral magnetic neuromodulation with intermittent theta burst waveform enhances overactive bladder: In vivo study.

Background: The current treatment options for overactive bladder (OAB) continue to pose challenges for refractory cases and may involve invasive procedures. To assess the potential benefit of non-invasive repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) on sacral roots using intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) as a treatment option for OAB. The study involved a total of 33 rats, which were divided into three different experimental phases.

The association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease often accompanied by low-grade inflammation. Recently, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has garnered researchers' interest as an emerging inflammation biomarker. This study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between NLR and T2DM using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.

The association between monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio and hyperuricemia: Results from 2009 to 2018.

Previous research has suggested that the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), an emerging inflammatory biomarker, holds promise in predicting the prevalence of various cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, earlier investigations were constrained by the relatively modest sample sizes. This study endeavored to expand the sample size and conduct a more comprehensive exploration of the potential relationship between MHR and hyperuricemia.

WITHDRAWN: The Natural Products as Novel Anti-Obesity Agents: Mechanisms Based on Adipose Tissue.

Unlabelled: The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Current Diabetes Reviews. Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.

Beneficial carry-over effects of chronic at-home genital nerve stimulation on incontinence in individuals with spinal cord injury: A pragmatic trial.

Background: Genital nerve stimulation (GNS) is a promising, but under-researched, alternative treatment for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in those with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Objectives: To investigate the urodynamic, quality-of-life (QOL) and carry-over effects of GNS when applied at home for 2 weeks by participants with incomplete SCI and NDO during activities of daily living.

Methods: Seven men and 1 woman participated in this 1-month protocol study.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the right primary somatosensory cortex increases cough reflex sensitivity: a pilot randomised controlled crossover trial.

Background: The cough reflex is a protective reflex of the human body. Increases or decreases in cough reflex sensitivity may be related to chronic cough, aspiration pneumonia and other diseases. The right primary somatosensory cortex (RS1) is the main activation centre for the urge to cough.

The efficacy and safety of Niaoduqing granules in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF), and the control of disease progression and adverse events during treatment needs to be improved. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Niaoduqing granules (NDQG) in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NDQG for DKD from Chinese and English databases up to 31 August 2022 were included.

Exploring the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of the drug pair Rhubarb-Coptis in diabetic nephropathy using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis.

Background: To use network pharmacology to explore the mechanism of the drug pair Rhubarb-Coptis in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to screen active ingredients of drug pair Rhubarb-Coptis. Targets were obtained using the TCMSP and SwissTargetPrediction databases.

Embankment deformation characteristics analysis of an expressway widening project near a pond.

New and old subgrade stability is a crucial problem for widening projects in soft soil foundations because uncoordinated deformations can cause serious engineering accidents, even disasters. In order to ensure the stability of a widening expressway project near a pond in the Qinbei section, a series of on-site investigations, lab tests, and numerical analyses was performed. The settlement and displacement of on-site monitoring were carried out during the construction period to verify the analyzed results.

Invigorating spleen, replenishing qi and tonifying kidney method treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for myasthenia gravis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease related to the production of autoantibodies. It is mediated by antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle specific kinase (MuSK) or other AChR related proteins in the postsynaptic muscle membrane, which interfere with the transmission of signals at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in clinical symptoms of skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue, leading to the occurrence and development of MG. At present, the incidence rate of Mg is increasing year by year.

Relaxing Effects of Breathing and Essential Oils on Psychophysiological Status in Older Adults.

We evaluated the effects of breathing () and () essential oils (EOs) during a horticultural activity on older adults. A total number of 92 older adult (71.2 ± 7.

Sacubitril Valsartan Enhances Cardiac Function and Alleviates Myocardial Infarction in Rats through a SUV39H1/SPP1 Axis.

Sacubitril valsartan (lcz696) has been demonstrated as a substitute for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for the treatment of heart failure. This research is aimed at examining the effects of lcz696 and its target molecules on myocardial infarction (MI). A rat model of MI was induced by left anterior descending artery ligation and treated with lcz696.

Hemodynamics and Tissue Optical Properties in Bimodal Infarctions Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Various infarct sizes induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) generate inconsistent outcomes for stroke preclinical study. Monitoring cerebral hemodynamics may help to verify the outcome of MCAO. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in brain tissue optical properties by frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS), and establish the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics and infarct variation in MCAO model.

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current with Electrical Theta Burst on Post-Stroke Motor Rehabilitation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: High-definition transcranial electrical theta burst superimposing direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS-eTBS) not only incorporates the therapeutic advantages of tDCS and TBS but enhances stimulation focality and practicality. However, the applicability of this innovative neuromodulatory device in post-stroke rehabilitation remains uncertain.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the HD-tDCS-eTBS on upper extremity (UE) motor function in patients with chronic stroke.