The molecular mechanism of human beta-defensin 1 in inhibiting the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The role of the IL-17B/IL-17RB/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling axis.

The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions and mechanisms of human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) through comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation. Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses of TCGA database samples were performed, including DEFB1 expression profiling, clinical correlation analysis, prognostic evaluation, and pathway enrichment studies. The results demonstrated that DEFB1/hBD-1 expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues and negatively correlated with key genes in the IL-17 signaling pathway, while being associated with reduced lymph node metastasis and improved overall survival.

Correction: Unveiling the role of cobalt in the product regulation for CO hydrogenation to light olefins over alumina-supported Co-Fe catalysts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D5SC04407C.].

Unveiling the role of cobalt in the product regulation for CO hydrogenation to light olefins over alumina-supported Co-Fe catalysts.

CoFe-based catalysts for CO hydrogenation reactions have been widely studied, but the effects of cobalt on the product regulation remains largely over-looked. In the present study, we report a series of Na-decorated alumina-supported Co-Fe bimetallic catalysts with varying Co/Fe molar ratios for the direct conversion of CO to light olefins. XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal that Co doping significantly promotes the reduction and carburization of Fe species, leading to the formation of active CoFe alloy carbides.

Dual-engine-driven synthesis of unsaturated esters over channel-expanding Cu-Cs catalysts.

This study presents a one-step catalytic synthesis of unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, MA; methyl methacrylate, MMA) from methanol (MeOH, C1 source) and methyl acetate (MAc) a Cu-Cs dual-engine-driven (DED) system that integrates four sequential steps-dehydrogenation, aldol condensation, hydrogenation, and secondary aldol condensation. The Cu-engine facilitates proton transfer by capturing protons during MeOH dehydrogenation and donating them in methyl acrylate (MA) hydrogenation, while the Cs-engine activates saturated esters for formaldehyde-mediated aldol condensation. Through systematic optimization of Cu loading methods, deposition sequences, and Cu/Cs ratios, we developed a silicon carrier channel-expanding strategy, enlarging mesopores from 14 nm to 20 nm (30% specific surface area extension) copper phyllosilicate-induced corrosion.

Digital and artificial intelligence-assisted cephalometric training effectively enhanced students' landmarking accuracy in preclinical orthodontic education.

Background: Digital cephalometric analyses, including those assisted by artificial intelligence (AI), are widely used in clinical practice. Similarly, computer-assisted learning has demonstrated teaching outcomes comparable to those of traditional methods in orthodontic education. However, the potential application of digital and AI-assisted cephalometric training in the preclinical education of orthodontic students remains unexplored.

3D-printed zirconia orthodontic brackets: Effect of printing method on dimensional accuracy.

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of additive manufacturing (AM) methods on the slot height dimensions and accuracy of 3D-printed orthodontic brackets.

Methods: A 3D model of a standard Mclaughlin Bennett Trevisi bracket was used as a reference to print the ceramic bracket in a 90° orientation using two representative AM methods: digital light processing (DLP) and material jetting (MJ). The dimensional accuracy and slot heights were determined using a scanning electron microscope and an optical scanner.

deletion yielded enamel defects by disrupting mitochondria and producing reactive oxygen species in dental epithelium.

Developmental defects of enamel are common due to genetic and environmental factors before and after birth. Cdc42, a Rho family small GTPase, regulates prenatal tooth development in mice. However, its role in postnatal tooth development, especially enamel formation, remains elusive.

Improving iPSC Differentiation Using a Nanodot Platform.

Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is an extremely complex process that has proven difficult to study. In this research, we utilized nanotopography to elucidate details regarding iPSC differentiation by developing a nanodot platform consisting of nanodot arrays of increasing diameter. Subjecting iPSCs cultured on the nanodot platform to a cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation protocol revealed several significant gene expression profiles that were associated with poor differentiation.

OralExplorer: a web server for exploring the mechanisms of oral inflammatory diseases.

Background: Oral inflammatory diseases are localized infectious diseases primarily caused by oral pathogens with the potential for serious systemic complications. However, publicly available datasets for these diseases are underutilized. To address this issue, a web tool called OralExplorer was developed.

Sirtuin 1 in osteoarthritis: Perspectives on regulating glucose metabolism.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterised by articular cartilage destruction, and its complex aetiology contributes to suboptimal clinical treatment outcomes. A close association exists between glucose metabolism dysregulation and OA pathogenesis. Owing to the unique environment of low oxygen and glucose concentrations, chondrocytes rely heavily on their glycolytic capacity, exhibiting distinct spatiotemporal differences.

E. Coli LPS-induced calcium signaling regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a non-hypoxia-dependent manner.

Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, can cause significant damage to the oral tissues which support the teeth. During the early development of periodontitis, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) undergo metabolic reprogramming regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which is strongly linked to the progression of inflammation. However, the precise mechanisms by which PDLFs regulate HIF-1α and its associated metabolic reprogramming during early inflammation remain unclear.

Interaction between ferroptosis and TNF-α: Impact in obesity-related osteoporosis.

The relationship of obesity and osteoporosis has been widely studied over the past years. However, the implications of obesity for bone health remain controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced obesity leads to significantly decreased bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.

Stiffness-tuned and ROS-sensitive hydrogel incorporating complement C5a receptor antagonist modulates antibacterial activity of macrophages for periodontitis treatment.

Periodontitis is admittedly a microbe-driven intractable infectious disease, in which () plays a keystone role. can selectively impair the antimicrobial responses of periodontal resident macrophages including their phagocytic and bactericidal activity without interfering their proinflammatory activity, which leads to microflora disturbance, destructive periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss eventually. Here, an injectable ROS-sensitive hydrogel is developed for releasing active bone marrow-derived macrophages (named macrophages hereafter) and a complement C5a receptor antagonist (C5A) to the gingival crevice.

Dual Role of Interleukin-20 in Different Stages of Osteoclast Differentiation and Its Osteoimmune Regulation during Alveolar Bone Remodeling.

Osteoimmunology mediators are critical to balance osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis to maintain bone homeostasis. A lot of the osteoimmunology mediators are regulated by interleukin-20 (IL-20). However, little is known about the role of IL-20 in bone remodeling.

Influence of additive manufacturing method and build angle on the accuracy of 3D-printed palatal plates.

Objectives: In this in vitro study, the effects of additive manufacturing (AM) methods and build angles on the trueness and precision of 3D-printed palatal plate orthodontic appliances for newborns and infants were examined.

Methods: Specimens were fabricated by different representative AM methods, including digital light processing (DLP), fused filament fabrication (FFF), and MultiJet printing (MJP). Three build angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) were used.

External apical root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement: the risk factors and clinical suggestions from experts' consensus.

External apical root resorption is among the most common risks of orthodontic treatment, and it cannot be completely avoided and predicted. Risk factors causing orthodontic root resorption can generally be divided into patient- and treatment-related factors. Root resorption that occurs during orthodontic treatment is usually detected by radiographical examination.

mTOR participates in the formation, maintenance, and function of memory CD8T cells regulated by glycometabolism.

Memory CD8T cells participate in the fight against infection and tumorigenesis as well as in autoimmune disease progression because of their efficient and rapid immune response, long-term survival, and continuous differentiation. At each stage of their formation, maintenance, and function, the cell metabolism must be adjusted to match the functional requirements of the specific stage. Notably, enhanced glycolytic metabolism can generate sufficient levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form memory CD8T cells, countering the view that glycolysis prevents the formation of memory CD8T cells.

Revealing Capillarity in AFM Indentation of Cells by Nanodiamond-Based Nonlocal Deformation Sensing.

Nanoindentation based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) can measure the elasticity of biomaterials and cells with high spatial resolution and sensitivity, but relating the data to quantitative mechanical properties depends on information on the local contact, which is unclear in most cases. Here, we demonstrate nonlocal deformation sensing on biorelevant soft matters upon AFM indentation by using nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, providing data for studying both the elasticity and capillarity without requiring detailed knowledge about the local contact. Using fixed HeLa cells for demonstration, we show that the apparent elastic moduli of the cells would have been overestimated if the capillarity was not considered.

IL-7-Treated Periodontal Ligament Cells Regulate Local Immune Homeostasis by Modulating Treg/Th17 Cell Polarization.

Both interleukin (IL)-7 and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) have immunomodulatory properties. However, their combined effect on CD4T cells has never been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of conditioned medium of hPDLCs treated with rhIL-7 on the differentiation of CD4T cells into regulatory T cells/T helper 17 cells (Treg/Th17 cells) and observe the effect of IL-7 on the immunomodulatory properties of PDLCs.

Periodontal ligament cells under mechanical force regulate local immune homeostasis by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation.

Objectives: Improper orthodontic force often causes root resorption or destructive bone resorption. There is evidence that T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells may be actively involved in bone remodeling during tooth movement. In a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we investigated the effect of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) on Th17/Treg cells under different orthodontic forces and corticotomy.

Association of Nanodiamond Rotation Dynamics with Cell Activities by Translation-Rotation Tracking.

Correlated translation-orientation tracking of single particles can provide important information for understanding the dynamics of live systems and their interaction with the probes. However, full six-dimensional (6D) motion tracking has yet to be achieved. Here, we developed synchronized 3D translation and 3D rotation tracking of single diamond particles based on nitrogen-vacancy center sensing.

Profiles of inflammation factors and inflammatory pathways around the peri-miniscrew implant.

Background: Peri-miniscrew implant is a temporary assistant armamentarium for the treatment of severe malocclusion and complex tooth movement, the inflammation around it is the main reason for the failure of orthodontic treatment due to the implant loosening and falling out. Inflammation around the peri-miniscrew implant is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These pro-inflammatory cytokines, in turn, recruit immune cells (such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells), which can produce and release inflammatory biomarkers, regulate the interaction between immune cells, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, and so on.

Ultra-sensitive hybrid diamond nanothermometer.

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising quantum sensors because of their long spin coherence time under ambient conditions. However, their spin resonances are relatively insensitive to non-magnetic parameters such as temperature. A magnetic-nanoparticle-nanodiamond hybrid thermometer, where the temperature change is converted to the magnetic field variation near the Curie temperature, were demonstrated to have enhanced temperature sensitivity ([Formula: see text]) (Wang N, Liu G-Q and Leong W-H .

Interleukin-20 differentially regulates bone mesenchymal stem cell activities in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the OPG/RANKL/RANK axis and the NF-κB, MAPK and AKT signalling pathways.

The immune and skeletal systems share common mechanisms, and the crosstalk between the two has been termed osteoimmunology. Osteoimmunology mainly focuses on diseases between the immune and bone systems including bone loss diseases, and imbalances in osteoimmune regulation affect skeletal homeostasis between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The immune mediator interleukin-20 (IL-20), a member of the IL-10 family, enhances inflammation, chemotaxis and angiogenesis in diseases related to bone loss.