Wideband tunable integrated microwave photonic filter with dual output on thin-film lithium niobate.

The microwave photonic filter (MPF) has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation radio-frequency (RF) applications, offering exceptional performance in terms of large instantaneous bandwidth, ultra-wideband frequency tuning, and multifunctionality. However, most existing MPFs provide only a single output port, limiting their applicability in scenarios requiring simultaneous multi-channel responses. Here, we demonstrate a dual-output integrated microwave photonic filter (IMPF) on the thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, integrating a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), an add-drop microring resonator (MRR), and a notch MRR.

Evolutionary and environmental determinants of heat tolerance and acclimation capacity in herpetofauna.

Exploring heat tolerance and acclimation capacity can provide an effective approach to evaluating species' sensitivity to extremely high temperatures due to climate warming. Despite some work on amphibian and reptile thermophysiological adaptation, related questions remain. We reviewed the literature to provide a synthesis of worldwide data on heat tolerance and to determine the relative importance of common evolutionary and environmental thermal variation in amphibians and reptiles in shaping species' heat tolerance and acclimation capacity.

Ppp2r1a haploinsufficiency increases excitatory synaptic transmission and decreases spatial learning by impairing endocannabinoid signaling.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase in the brain. Mutations in PPP2R1A, encoding the scaffolding subunit, are linked to intellectual disability, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined mice with heterozygous deletion of Ppp2r1a in forebrain excitatory neurons (NEX-het-conditional knockout [NEX-het-cKO]).

VM-GAN: a value mapping framework for virtual staining of optical microscopy images.

The advent of virtual staining technology has introduced a rapid and efficient paradigm for optical microscopic imaging in tissue pathology. It enables the utilization of microscopic images of unlabeled samples to generate virtual replicas of chemically stained histological slices or facilitate the transformation of one staining type into another, eliminating the need for time-consuming and labor-intensive chemical staining procedures. Generative models, such as CycleGAN, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in this context, offering unsupervised learning solutions that bypass the requirement for precisely aligned image pairs in supervised approaches.

Comprehensive Understanding of Closed Pores in Hard Carbon Anode for High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Hard carbon (HC) is considered the most promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high cost-effectiveness and outstanding overall performance. However, the amorphous and intricate microstructure of HC poses significant challenges in elucidating the structure-performance relationship, which has led to persistent misinterpretations regarding the intrinsic characteristics of closed pores. An irrational construction methodology of closed pores inevitably results in diminished plateau capacity, which severely restricts the practical application of HC in high-energy-density scenarios.

Efficient hydrogen peroxide generation via biomass-derived carbon dots/graphitic carbon nitride S-scheme Heterostructures under visible light in pure water systems.

Homogeneous photocatalysts exhibit excellent performance in the photocatalytic reaction due to their uniform distribution. However, for the same reason, separating or recovering the catalyst after the reaction is completed is a significant challenge currently faced. Herein, by utilizing discarded shuttlecock feathers as a carbon source, homogeneous nitrogen and sulfur co-doped biomass carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were prepared and anchored on cyano-deficient carbon nitride (CCN), forming an efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic system, thereby achieving separation and recovery of N, S-CDs while significantly enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (HO) production performance of both components through the synergistic interaction of the S-scheme heterojunction.

Intermediate Filament Protein BFSP2 Controls Spindle Formation via HSC70-Mediated Stabilization of CLTC During Oocyte meiosis.

As a major component of the cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments are generally considered to play a supporting role in mitotic cells. They also take part in the regulation of cell motility, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, their specific functions during meiosis are largely unknown.

Engineering of Escherichia coli cytoplasm and periplasm for efficient synthesis of salvianic acid A.

Plant polyphenols, a class of natural plant products with nutritional and medicinal value, can be alternatively produced by microbial cell factories. However, metabolic cross talk and enzyme incompatibility within the microbial host limits their synthesis. Therefore, we developed a sustainability-driven biotechnological process using cytoplasm periplasm combinatorial engineering to producing salvianic acid A (SAA), a plant polyphenol derived from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Construction of surface pit-structured g-CN by induced SiO hard template for boosted piezoelectric-assisted photocatalytic HO production.

Solar-driven synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO) represents a promising pathway for sustainable energy production, characterized by environmental friendliness and industrial feasibility. The coupling of multi-field co-assisted systems, integrating piezoelectric field modulation, represents a pioneering modification strategy that significantly enhances the photocatalytic HO production efficiency through synergistic interfacial charge separation and optimized redox kinetics. Herein, the surface pit-structured g-CN (SP-CN) was successfully synthesized via a straightforward hard-template-assisted thermal polymerization method for boosted piezoelectric-assisted photocatalytic HO production under full-spectrum irradiation.

Regulatory effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on citrus peel cell wall metabolism.

During citrus fruit development, exogenous gibberellin (GA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA, a synthetic cytokinin (CTK)) are both known to promote citrus peel thickness; however, the differences in their regulatory mechanisms on cell wall metabolism in citrus peels remain unclear. In this study, we found that GA treatment significantly increased cell wall polysaccharides in citrus peels, such as pectin and cellulose, whereas 6-BA treatment led to a notable accumulation of lignin. RNA-sequencing data revealed that several fruit ripening-related cell wall degradation genes, such as PME3, PL18, and EXPA1/8, exhibited decreased expression levels in both GA and 6-BA treatments.

Enhancing Semantic and Structure Modeling of Diseases for Diagnosis Prediction.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are valuable healthcare data, aiding researchers and doctors in improving diagnosis accuracy. Researchers have developed several predictive models by learning disease representations to forecast the potential diagnosis that patients may receive. However, existing studies usually ignore the fine-grained semantic and structure information in EHRs (e.

Variety Effect on Peelability and Mechanisms of Action of Late-Ripening Citrus Fruits.

Peelability, a crucial commercial trait for fresh-eating citrus, has received limited research attention regarding its underlying mechanisms. This study investigated three late-maturing citrus cultivars, namely 'Qingjian' (QJ), 'Mingrijian' (MRJ), and 'Chunjian' (CJ), analyzing their peelability development using texture analysis and exploring the physiological and biochemical factors influencing peeling difficulty. The results showed that peelability improved with fruit maturation, reaching its peak at full ripeness, with the following order of peeling difficulty: QJ (hardest) > MRJ (intermediate) > CJ (easiest).

Intermediate Filament Protein BFSP1 Maintains Oocyte Asymmetric Division by Modulating Spindle Length.

The cytoskeleton is composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments in cells. While the functions of microtubules and microfilaments have been well elucidated, the roles of intermediate filaments and associated proteins remain largely unknown, especially in meiosis. BFSP1 is an intermediate filament protein mainly expressed in the eye lens to play important roles in the development of congenital cataract.

Chitosan nanoreactor modified with PNIPAAm as efficient catalyst for preparation of chiral boron compounds in aqueous phase.

This work constructed chitosan-based core-shell catalytic nanoreactor (CS/NI/SA@Cu(II)) by free radical polymerization of biomass chitosan and temperature sensitive materials. The CS/NI/SA@Cu(II) were characterized by FT-IR, TG, XPS, SEM, TEM, and EDS to prove the formation of the nanoreactor, and the Cu content was obtained by ICP analysis. The TEM indicated that CS/NI/SA-2 presented a hollow core-shell structure with a size of about 100 nm, and the contact angle of CS/NI/SA-2 was 67°.

Accelerated Molecular Transportation in the Brain Extracellular Space with 755-nm Light Attenuates Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment in Rats.

Ischemic stroke exacts a heavy toll in death and disability worldwide. After ischemic stroke, the accumulation of pathobiomolecules in the brain extracellular space (ECS) will exacerbate neurological damage and cognitive impairment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been demonstrated to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mouse models by accelerating molecular transportation in the brain ECS.

Taurine-driven restoration of metabolic and redox balance in postovulatory aging porcine oocytes: A metabolomic perspective.

Oocyte quality is closely linked to metabolic integrity, and age-related metabolic dysregulation is a key factor contributing to oocyte aging. In this study, we utilized non-targeted metabolomics to explore the impact of taurine supplementation on the metabolic profile of postovulatory aging (POA) porcine oocytes. Our analysis revealed that taurine supplementation significantly altered the metabolic landscape, restoring key metabolic pathways associated with energy production, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative stress regulation.

Renal denervation guided and ablated by noninvasive ultrasound in canines.

This study aimed to explore the application and efficacy of a novel stimulation-guided, targeting ablation, and efficacy verification technique based on dual-frequency extracorporeal focused ultrasound interference for renal denervation (RDN) in treating resistant hypertension. Existing RDN techniques are often invasive or lack clear intervention targets and efficacy endpoints, limiting their effectiveness and safety. To address these limitations, we developed a technique using dual-frequency extracorporeal focused ultrasound interference, which modulates acoustic radiation force to stimulate renal nerves for targeted RDN.

Two types of covering crops are beneficial to improve the nitrogen metabolism of Citrus roots.

Citrus is the world's largest fruit category, yet it is frequently damaged by weeds during cultivation and management. As a green cultivation measure, covering crops in orchards effectively controls weeds and enhances soil quality. At present, the research on covering crops is mostly focused on soil, but there is still a lack of research on how crops affect citrus trees.

The cohesin-associated protein Pds5A governs the meiotic spindle assembly via deubiquitination of Kif5B in oocytes.

Chromosome cohesion mediated by cohesin complex and its associated proteins is required for accurate chromosome segregation and genomic stability in mitosis. However, because of the distinct operation mechanisms, many proteins might exert different functions during meiosis in germ cells. Here, we document that cohesin-associated protein precocious dissociation of sisters 5A (Pds5A) plays a noncanonical role in the meiotic spindle assembly during oocyte maturation independent of its cohesion function.

Catheter-based ultrasound nerve stimulation and selective renal denervation: a preliminary case series study.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation (RDN) system for nerve mapping guided RDN and treatment efficacy verification. A total of five patients were sequentially enrolled. Low-power pulsed ultrasound stimulation was applied at the distal, middle and proximal segments of the renal arteries, in both head-foot and abdomen-back directions.

Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals light-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of 'Yinhongli' plum.

Background: The 'Yinhongli' cultivar of Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is characterized by a distinctive bicolored peel phenotype, in which anthocyanins serve as crucial determinants of both its visual characteristics and nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanism of underlying light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis of plum, especially its regulatory network and pathway, need to be further studied and explored.

Presodiation technology: progress, strategy and prospects of sacrificial cathode additives in sodium-based energy storage systems.

Presodiation technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing the reversible cycle capacity and initial coulomb efficiency (ICE) of sodium-based energy storage systems (SESSs) by pre-supplementing active sodium ions in the electrode materials, which is crucial for the practical application of SESSs. This technology encompasses various methods, including direct contact presodiation (DC), electrochemical presodiation (EC), chemical presodiation, sodium-rich cathode materials presodiation and sacrificial cathode additive (SCA) presodiation. However, the first four methods encounter specific challenges such as safety concerns, complex procedures, high costs or low irreversible capacity, which significantly impede their industrialization progress.

Experimental Study of Permeability and Clay Mineral Staged Changes in Siltstone at High Temperatures.

Current studies on siltstone permeability at high temperatures are limited to below 800 °C, which cannot direct underground engineering projects with higher temperatures. This study conducts general thermal simulations up to 1400 °C and investigates the permeability and mineral changes of siltstone with temperature. The results show that the permeability and pore structure changes can be divided into 3 stages, and the clay mineral changes lead to stage division.