Regulatory effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on citrus peel cell wall metabolism.

During citrus fruit development, exogenous gibberellin (GA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA, a synthetic cytokinin (CTK)) are both known to promote citrus peel thickness; however, the differences in their regulatory mechanisms on cell wall metabolism in citrus peels remain unclear. In this study, we found that GA treatment significantly increased cell wall polysaccharides in citrus peels, such as pectin and cellulose, whereas 6-BA treatment led to a notable accumulation of lignin. RNA-sequencing data revealed that several fruit ripening-related cell wall degradation genes, such as PME3, PL18, and EXPA1/8, exhibited decreased expression levels in both GA and 6-BA treatments.

First-in-human phase I study of EMB-02, a bispecific antibody targeting PD-1 and LAG-3 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Background: EMB-02 is a symmetric bispecific antibody targeting programmed cell death protein-1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 simultaneously. Here, we present the first-in-human study results of EMB-02 in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods: Patients were treated with intravenous infusions of EMB-02 at doses of 6-900 mg.

Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals light-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of 'Yinhongli' plum.

Background: The 'Yinhongli' cultivar of Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is characterized by a distinctive bicolored peel phenotype, in which anthocyanins serve as crucial determinants of both its visual characteristics and nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanism of underlying light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis of plum, especially its regulatory network and pathway, need to be further studied and explored.

Using Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis to Optimize the Dosing Regimens of Fanastomig (EMB-02) in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors.

Fanastomig (also known as EMB-02) is a bispecific antibody targeting programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), developed for the treatment of advanced solid tumors. A first-in-human (FIH) Phase I study (NCT04618393) evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of Fanastomig in patients with advanced solid tumors. To determine the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D), population pharmacokinetics (PopPK), and exposure and response analysis (E-R) were conducted.

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Molecular Regulation of Organic Acid Metabolism During Fruit Development in Late-Maturing Hybrid Citrus Varieties.

Late-maturing hybrid citrus is a significant fruit that combines the best traits of both parents and is highly prized for its unique flavor. Not only can organic acids alter the flavor of citrus pulp, but they are also essential for cellular metabolism, energy conversion, and maintaining the acidbase balance in plant tissues. Although organic acids play a key role in the quality formation of citrus fruits, there is still insufficient research on the metabolic processes of organic acids in late-maturing hybrid citrus varieties.

Mitigating citrus fruit cracking: the efficacy of chelated calcium or silicon foliar fertilizers in 'Okitsu no. 58' citrus fruit.

The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking, which jeopardizes yield and results in economic losses. In this study, we investigated the impacts of spraying 5 distinct concentrations (0.

Analysis of sugar components and identification of genes in citrus fruit development.

Sugar is a primary determinant of citrus fruit flavour, but undergoes varied accumulation processes across different citrus varieties owing to high genetic variability. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, plays a crucial role in this context. Despite its significance, there is limited research on sugar component quality and the expression and regulatory prediction of genes during citrus fruit development.

Effect of exogenous melatonin on antioxidant properties and fruit softening of 'Fengtang' plum fruit ( Lindl.) during storage at room temperature.

'Fengtang' plums soften quickly and lose flavor after harvest. This study comprehensively evaluated the effect of exogenous melatonin on the fruit quality of 'Fengtang' plums. According to our findings, exogenous melatonin prevented plum fruit from losing water, delayed the decline in firmness, and preserved a high TSS/TA level.

Physiological Mechanisms of Citrus Fruit Cracking: Study on Cell Wall Components, Osmoregulatory Substances, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities.

Fruit cracking affects both the yield and economic efficiency of citrus; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study focused on resistant and susceptible cultivars to identify the mechanisms underlying fruit cracking. The results showed that in 'Mingrijian', pectin morphological transformation and hemicellulose and lignin degradation in the pericarp were important contributing factors.

Effect of Natural Variation and Rootstock on Fruit Quality and Volatile Organic Compounds of '' ( Blanco) Citrus.

In this study, we compared the fruit quality and color of 'Kiyomi' (WT) and its mutant (MT) grafted on Ziyang xiangcheng (Cj) (WT/Cj, MT/Cj), and the MT grafted on Trifoliate orange (Pt) (MT/Pt). The differences in sugar, organic acid, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile substances of the three materials were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed significant differences in the appearance of WT/Cj, MT/Cj, and MT/Pt.

Comprehensive analyses of the citrus WRKY gene family involved in the metabolism of fruit sugars and organic acids.

Sugars and organic acids are the main factors determining the flavor of citrus fruit. The WRKY transcription factor family plays a vital role in plant growth and development. However, there are still few studies about the regulation of citrus WRKY transcription factors (CsWRKYs) on sugars and organic acids in citrus fruit.

Effects of Exogenous Application of Glycine Betaine Treatment on 'Huangguoggan' Fruit during Postharvest Storage.

Loss of quality in citrus fruit is a common occurrence during postharvest storage due to oxidative stress and energy consumption. In recent years, glycine betaine (GB) has been widely applied to postharvest horticulture fruit. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GB treatment (10 mM and 20 mM) on the quality and antioxidant activity of 'Huangguogan' fruit during postharvest storage at room temperature.

Transcriptome and UPLC-MS/MS reveal mechanisms of amino acid biosynthesis in sweet orange 'Newhall' after different rootstocks grafting.

Sweet orange 'Newhall' (C. sinensis) is a popular fruit in high demand all over the world. Its peel and pulp are rich in a variety of nutrients and are widely used in catering, medicine, food and other industries.

Hetero-grafting affects flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet orange 'Newhall' () peels: a metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis.

Citrus cultivation involves the widespread practice of grafting, which has a significant impact on citrus development and fruit quality and yield. However, understanding the effect of flavonoid compounds after different rootstock grafting have been limited. Flavonoid compounds, found at the highest levels in citrus peels, contribute to improving fruit quality and nutritional value.

Widely targeted metabolomic profiling combined with transcriptome analysis sheds light on flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet orange 'Newhall' under magnesium stress.

Sweet orange 'Newhall' peels (SOPs) are abundant in flavonoids, making them increasingly popular in the realms of nutrition, food, and medicine. However, there is still much unknown about flavonoid components in SOPs and the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis when subjected to magnesium stress. The previous experiment conducted by the research group found that the total flavonoid content of Magnesium deficiency (MD) was higher than Magnesium sufficiency (MS) in SOPs.

AcMADS32 positively regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in kiwifruit by activating AcBCH1/2 expression.

Fruits provide abundant carotenoid nutrients for humans, whereas the understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of carotenoids in fruits is still limited. Here, we identified a transcription factor AcMADS32 in kiwifruit, which was highly expressed in the fruit, correlated with carotenoid content and localized in the nucleus. The silencing expression of AcMADS32 significantly reduced the content of β-carotene and zeaxanthin and expression of β-carotene hydroxylase gene AcBCH1/2 in kiwifruit, while transient overexpression increased the accumulation of zeaxanthin, suggesting that AcMADS32 was an activator involved in the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid in fruit.

Identification of Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Metabolism in Leaves of Cultivar () with Varying Degrees of Chlorosis.

In autumn and spring, citrus leaves with a ( Blanco cv. Ponkan) genetic background (, , etc.) are prone to abnormal physiological chlorosis.

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase (XET) Genes.

Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase () genes are widely distributed in most plants, but the codon usage bias of genes has remained uncharacterized. Thus, we analyzed the codon usage bias using 4500 codons of 20 genes to elucidate the genetic and evolutionary patterns. Phylogenetic and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed that the 20 genes belonged to two groups.

Tomentosin suppressed M1 polarization via increasing MERTK activation mediated by regulation of GAS6.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder (X. sibiricum) are widely used traditional herbal medicines for arthritis treatment in China. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by progressive destructions of joints, which is accompanied by chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder.

MicroRNA-143-3p ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis by polarizing naive CD4 T cells into Treg cells.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent and systemic autoimmunity disease. The abnormal differentiation of Treg cells is important in pathogenesis. Despite previous studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are pivotal modulators of Treg cells, the effect of miRNAs on Treg cell differentiation and function is not clear.

saponins (PNS) attenuate Th17 cell differentiation in CIA mice via inhibition of nuclear PKM2-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant Th17 cell differentiation. (Burk.) F.

Genome-wide identification, characterization, evolution, and expression pattern analyses of the typical thioredoxin gene family in wheat ( L.).

Typical thioredoxin (TRX) plays an important role in maintaining redox balance in plants. However, the typical genes in wheat still need to be comprehensively and deeply studied. In this research, a total of 48 typical genes belonging to eight subtypes were identified a genome-wide search in wheat, and the gene structures, protein conserved motifs, and protein 3D structures of the same subtype were very similar.