Microbiological and Clinical Epidemiology of Lomentospora prolificans infections.

Lomentospora prolificans (formerly Scedosporium prolificans) is an emerging fungal pathogen, affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Treatment is difficult due to intrinsic resistance against multiple anti-fungal agents. We describe five patients with L.

Lung and abdominal ultrasound accuracy for tuberculosis: An Indian prospective cohort study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis remains a challenge, particularly in low-resource settings. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has shown promise, but most studies focus on HIV-infected populations. In the case of TB, data on lung ultrasound (LUS) are sparse.

Pragmatic Patient Choice-Driven Radical Treatment Approach (PRAGRAD) for Very Advanced Unresectable Oral Cavity Cancers.

Purpose: The treatment of locally advanced unresectable oral cavity cancers (OCCs) is challenging, with limited consensus on optimal management and poor outcomes. Our clinical practice identified a subset of unresectable OCC patients who respond favorably to aggressive alternate treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We propose a systematic design for optimal selection method that is patient choice-driven while attempting to managing unresectable OCC with radical therapy approach.

Eco-Friendly Medical Conferences: From Principle to Practice.

The large number of medical conferences held per year has a significant impact on the environment. Climate change and global warming then lead to deleterious effects on human health. We aim to highlight that it is our responsibility as doctors to promote eco-friendly events and encourage sustainable practices, thus reducing harm to our environment.

Real-World Outcomes of Induction Chemotherapy With or Without Low-Dose Nivolumab for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Ineligible for Up-Front Local Therapy: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Purpose: There is a lack of literature on treating stage III non-oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with low-dose immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy for patients who are not candidates for local therapy up front.

Materials And Methods: We performed an institutional retrospective analysis of patients with stage III non-oncogene-driven NSCLC deemed ineligible for up-front local therapy. The NACT + I/O group comprised those who received induction chemotherapy in combination with low-dose nivolumab, and the NACT-alone group comprised those who received chemotherapy alone.

Orbital Complications of Sino Nasal Tumors.

Orbital involvement in Sinonasal tumours most commonly present as proptosis, epiphora and/or visual symptoms. We aimed to enumerate the orbital manifestations of Sino nasal tumours, to describe strategies employed to manage orbit and vision, to evaluate outcomes, vision preservation and survival rates. This retrospective study spanning ten years identified 147 Sino nasal pathologies with clinic-radiological involvement of the orbit.

A matched pair analysis of outcomes after stapler-assisted pharyngeal closure following laryngectomy.

Objective: To compare perioperative and oncological outcomes between stapler and manual closure in patients undergoing total laryngectomy for advanced endolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with advanced endolaryngeal tumours operated between July 2017 and July 2023 were retrospectively dichotomised into stapler closure and manual closure cohorts and compared.

Results: Seventy-one patients with a median age of 57 years were included in our study.

Hydatid cyst in heart and lung: a rare case with a 5-year follow-up.

This report describes a male in his late 20s who presented with a 2-month history of recurrent haemoptysis and chest pain. A chronic infection, such as tuberculosis, was suspected. He had undergone surgical resection of an intrapericardial hydatid cyst in the past.

Radiological Differential Diagnoses Based on Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging Patterns: Perspectives of Four Large Language Models.

 Differential diagnosis in radiology is a critical aspect of clinical decision-making. Radiologists in the early stages may find difficulties in listing the differential diagnosis from image patterns. In this context, the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new opportunities as these models have the capacity to access and contextualize extensive information from text-based input.

A Comparative Study of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to compare the demography, clinical profile, histopathology, fungal culture, radiology, surgery performed, medical therapy and outcomes of patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis seen during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively reviewing their case records. Of 238 patients, 43(18.1%) presented during the first wave and 195(81.

Society of Chest Imaging and Interventions Consensus Guidelines for the Interventional Radiology Management of Hemoptysis.

The recommendations from the Society of Chest Imaging and Interventions expert group comprehensively cover all the aspects of management of hemoptysis, highlighting the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology. The diversity existing in etiopathology, imaging findings, and management of hemoptysis has been addressed. The management algorithm recommends the options for effective treatment while minimizing the chances of recurrence, based on the best evidence available and opinion from the experts.

Multi-centre radiomics for prediction of recurrence following radical radiotherapy for head and neck cancers: Consequences of feature selection, machine learning classifiers and batch-effect harmonization.

Background And Purpose: Radiomics models trained with limited single institution data are often not reproducible and generalisable. We developed radiomics models that predict loco-regional recurrence within two years of radiotherapy with private and public datasets and their combinations, to simulate small and multi-institutional studies and study the responsiveness of the models to feature selection, machine learning algorithms, centre-effect harmonization and increased dataset sizes.

Materials And Methods: 562 patients histologically confirmed and treated for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer (LA-HNC) from two public and two private datasets; one private dataset exclusively reserved for validation.

Diagnostic Value of Connective Tissue Disease Related CT Signs in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern of Interstitial Lung Disease.

 Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of interstitial lung disease (ILD) can have varied etiology, with connective tissue disease (CTD) being a common known cause. The anterior upper lobe (AUL) sign, exuberant honeycombing (EHC), and straight edge (SE) sign are recently described computed tomography (CT) signs in CTD-related UIP. We test the diagnostic value of these CT signs for CTD in patients with UIP and compare the incidence of these signs between CTD-related UIP and non-CTD-related UIP.

Etiopathology and Prevalence of Pulsatile Tinnitus in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital.

The diverse etiopathogenesis of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) makes it a difficult condition to diagnose and treat. To describe the clinical features, investigations and diagnosis of patients presenting with pulsatile tinnitus (PT). Retrospective chart review in an otology unit of a tertiary care referral centre.

Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Same CT Dimensions, Varied Scenarios.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress. We report a case series of four infants with similar radiological dimensions but while two needed surgery, two could be managed conservatively. The clinical presentation of the child and the response to conservative treatment, rather than the radiological dimensions were the main predictors for surgical intervention.

Growing Teratoma Syndrome-A Clinicoradiological Series.

 Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is a rare entity seen following chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, characterized by increase in size of the metastatic deposits, with normal serum tumor markers.  In this article, we aim to describe the various clinicoradiological presentations of GTS treated at our center.  All patients who satisfied the GTS criteria from 2001 to 2019 were included.

Feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of minimally invasive oesophagectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma - Experience from a tertiary care centre.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has improved the resectability and survival of operable oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We aimed to study if nCRT for OSCC makes minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) technically more challenging and if the peri-operative and oncological outcomes are acceptable for MIO following nCRT.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients with OSCC (cT1-2N1-2, cT3-4aN0-2) treated with nCRT and MIO between 2013 and 2019 was performed.

Can epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue volume predict the presence and severity of coronary artery disease?

Purpose: Excessive accumulation of free fatty acids in the coronary arteries can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD). Quantification of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is beneficial to understand its relationship with CAD, hypertension (HT), and diabetes.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 54 patients who underwent CT coronary angiogram using a multidetector row CT scanner.

Chronic Granulomatous Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in Patients With Immunocompetence: A Review.

Objective: We aimed to study the literature on chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis to elucidate the changing trends in the management of the disease.

Data Sources: Using specific keywords, we searched the PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus databases over the past 50 years, which yielded 938 articles in the English language.

Review Methods: Scrutiny of 147 relevant articles revealed 15 homogenous case series (255 cases of histologically proven chronic granulomatous fungal sinusitis alone) and 8 heterogeneous case series (patients with other types of fungal sinusitis included), which were analyzed in detail (all with >5 cases each).

Mycophenolate in scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease: Real-world data from rheumatology and pulmonology clinics in South Asia.

Introduction: There is a paucity of real-world data on mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolate sodium in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.

Aim: To study the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil/ mycophenolate sodium in systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.

Methods: In this single-centre study, clinical, laboratory and imaging details of consecutive patients with systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease receiving mycophenolate mofetil/mycophenolate sodium from rheumatology and pulmonology clinics between January 2008 and March 2017 were retrospectively retrieved.

Utility of Mid-treatment DWI in Selecting Pathological Responders to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: Pathological complete response correlates with better clinical outcomes in locally advanced esophageal cancer (LA-EC). However, there is lack of prognostic markers to identify patients in the current setting of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgery. This study evaluates the utility of mid-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in identifying pathological responders of NACRT.

Framework for Machine Learning of CT and PET Radiomics to Predict Local Failure after Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers.

Context: Cancer Radiomics is an emerging field in medical imaging and refers to the process of converting routine radiological images that are typically qualitatively interpreted to quantifiable descriptions of the tumor phenotypes and when combined with statistical analytics can improve the accuracy of clinical outcome prediction models. However, to understand the radiomic features and their correlation to molecular changes in the tumor, first, there is a need for the development of robust image analysis methods, software tools and statistical prediction models which is often limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Aims: The aim is to build a framework for machine learning of radiomic features of planning computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) using open source radiomics and data analytics platforms to make it widely accessible to clinical groups.