Comparison of Sinonasal Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Uni-nostril and Bi-nostril Endoscopic Trans-sphenoidal Excision of Pituitary Adenomas: A Prospective Study.

 Prospective studies comparing quality-of-life and olfaction in patients undergoing endoscopic uni-nostril versus bi-nostril trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery have not been published.  We prospectively compared olfaction and quality-of-life at baseline and at 3 to 6 months follow-up using the Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12 (ASK-12) questionnaire, composite olfaction score, and Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score (LKES) in 43 patients who underwent endoscopic excision of pituitary adenoma with either a uni-nostril (24 patients) or a bi-nostril (19 patients) approach.  Baseline data for both groups were comparable.

Optimizing Surgical Management of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis.

Objective: Early surgical debridement is vital for favorable outcomes in acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS). Our study aimed to propose guidelines with tailored, conservative surgical procedures based on areas of involvement and evaluate their usefulness in avoiding repeated debridement.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on 150 AIFS patients operated on with the proposed surgical guidelines from May to June 2021 at a tertiary care hospital.

Pott's puffy tumor: An unusual complication of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Objective: To describe clinicoradiological features and surgical outcomes in a series of nine patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) who presented with Pott's puffy tumor (ROCM-PPT).

Methods: The records of nine patients with ROCM-PPT seen between March 2020 and December 2021 were analysed. Clinical features, radiology, histopathology, operative findings, management and outcome were noted.

A Comparative Study of Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We aimed to compare the demography, clinical profile, histopathology, fungal culture, radiology, surgery performed, medical therapy and outcomes of patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis seen during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic by retrospectively reviewing their case records. Of 238 patients, 43(18.1%) presented during the first wave and 195(81.

Panel 1: Epidemiology and global health, including child development, sequelae and complications.

Objective: To summarise the published research evidence on the epidemiology of otitis media, including the risk factors and sequelae associated with this condition.

Data Sources: Medline (PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library covering the period from 2019 to June 1st 2023.

Review Methods: We conducted a broad search strategy using otitis [Medical Subject Heading] combined with text words to identify relevant articles on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, complications, and sequelae for acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic suppurative otitis media.

Short intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral posaconazole using a simple, stratified treatment approach for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-course intravenous amphotericin B followed by sustained release posaconazole tablets for diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Methods: This prospective, pragmatic study included adults with diabetes or COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Patients received short (7-14 days) or long (15-28 days) intravenous antifungal therapy (short intravenous antifungal treatment [SHIFT] or long intravenous antifungal treatment [LIFT], respectively) depending on the presence or absence of brain involvement.

Clinicopathological predictors of repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Purpose: To evaluate association between clinical and pathological findings and repeated recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital included all patients operated for inverted papilloma from January 2010 to December 2019. Patients were categorized as primary and recurrent cases.

Chronic Granulomatous Invasive Fungal Sinusitis in Patients With Immunocompetence: A Review.

Objective: We aimed to study the literature on chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis to elucidate the changing trends in the management of the disease.

Data Sources: Using specific keywords, we searched the PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus databases over the past 50 years, which yielded 938 articles in the English language.

Review Methods: Scrutiny of 147 relevant articles revealed 15 homogenous case series (255 cases of histologically proven chronic granulomatous fungal sinusitis alone) and 8 heterogeneous case series (patients with other types of fungal sinusitis included), which were analyzed in detail (all with >5 cases each).

Immunolocalization of CD1a expressing dendritic cells in sinonasal polyposis.

Sinonasal polyps are benign projections of edematous nasal mucosa lined by respiratory epithelium. Langerhans cells (LCs) belonging to the dendritic cell family located in respiratory epithelium are involved in antigen presentation and maintenance of local immunological homeostasis. This study aims to elucidate the morphology and distribution of CD1a positive LCs in normal nasal mucosa and compare the same with polypoid nasal mucosa by immunohistochemistry.

Rhinosporidiosis-Factors predicting disease recurrence.

Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of the nose caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The disease is largely non-amenable to medical therapy and shows high recurrence rates requiring patients to undergo multiple surgeries often resulting in increased morbidity.

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological, clinical, histopathological characteristics, treatment and outcome in rhinosporidiosis and to identify factors which predispose to recurrence of the disease.

Clinical utility of antifungal susceptibility testing in patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.

Purpose: To determine the association between antifungal susceptibility test (AFST) results and in vivo therapeutic response in Indian patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.

Methods: The clinicoradiological, fungal culture, AFST, histopathology results and outcomes of 48 patients with fungal rhinosinusitis seen between 20132015 were analysed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was performed for amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole.

Management of coexistent sinonasal pathology in patients undergoing endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair.

Introduction: Patients who undergo endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea repair may occasionally present with coexistent sinonasal pathology which may or may not need to be addressed prior to surgical repair. Some patients may develop new onset nasal morbidity related to endoscopic repair.

Objective: To study the prevalence and management of additional sinonasal pathology in patients who undergo endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair was conducted to note the presence of coexistent sinonasal morbidity preoperatively and in the followup period.

Case Report: A Single-Center Case Series on Skin Manifestations of Leishmaniasis from a Non-Endemic State in Southern India.

Leishmaniasis is endemic in the Indian subcontinent with predominance of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) due to Leishmania donovani. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is uncommon, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is rarely reported in this region. Recent reports reveal a changing epidemiology and atypical manifestations.

Frontoethmoidal Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma With Orbital Pyocele.

Significance StatementExtranasopharyngeal angiofibromas (ENA) are rare vascular tumors that do not conform to the clinical characteristics of typical nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. We present the management of an angiofibroma in a rare site, within the frontal sinus with a concomitant orbital pyocele, which was completely excised via an endoscopic approach. ENAs should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with sinonasal mass and epistaxis.

Follow up of a birth cohort to identify prevalence and risk factors for otitis media among Indian children in the eighth year of life.

Background: Otitis media, a disease highly prevalent among children worldwide, manifests clinically in both acute and chronic forms. The manner and time at which chronicity develops among Indian children is unknown.

Aim: To study the prevalence, manifestations and risk factors for otitis media in a birth cohort aged 8 years.

Avoiding repeated surgery in patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis.

Purpose: We aimed to ascertain whether using an aggressive initial surgical protocol would reduce the need for repeated sinus surgery in patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS).

Methods: Patients with AIFS prospectively underwent clinicoradiological assessment followed by bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and debridement of affected tissue. Antifungal therapy was also administered.

Endoscopic Submucosal Resection Versus Endoscopic Submucosal Diathermy for Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy.

Endoscopic submucous resection and endoscopic submucous diathermy of the inferior turbinate are two different surgical methods of reducing size in turbinate hypertrophy. We aimed to compare the efficacy of both methods in reducing the nasal symptoms and improving nasal airway. This is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary hospital, involving fifty patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy not relieved by medications.

Varied presentation of sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour: report of a case series with follow-up.

Purpose: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (PMT) of the paranasal sinuses is a rare tumour that is associated with oncogenous osteomalacia causing predominant musculoskeletal symptoms. We present a series of eight patients diagnosed to have PMT of the paranasal sinuses with varied presentation and highlight the appropriate evaluation required to arrive at the diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective review of eight patients diagnosed to have PMT-causing tumour-induced osteomalacia with follow-up data.

Mucormycosis-A clinicoepidemiological review of cases over 10 years.

Background: Limited data exist for epidemiology and outcomes of various agents causing mucormycosis in various clinical settings from developing countries like India.

Objectives: To study the epidemiology and outcomes of various agents causing mucormycosis in different clinical settings in a tertiary care hospital from South India.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed details of 184 consecutive patients with culture-proven mucormycosis with consistent clinical syndrome and supporting features from September 2005 to September 2015.

Management and Outcome in Patients with Advanced Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.

 To report the management outcome in a series of patients with advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA).  Retrospective study.  Tertiary care teaching hospital.

Do turbinate reduction procedures restore epithelial integrity in patients with turbinate hypertrophy secondary to allergic rhinitis? A histopathological study.

Purpose: Consensus has not been reached regarding the optimal reduction procedure for inferior turbinate hypertrophy in allergic rhinitis and whether such procedures result in improvement in mucosal architecture.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients aged 18-45 years (mean 26.8 years), with allergic rhinitis and inferior turbinate hypertrophy not responsive to medical therapy who underwent endoscopic submucosal diathermy (ESMD) (14 patients) or endoscopic submucosal resection (ESMR) (15 patients) with intraoperative and 3-6 months postoperative inferior turbinate biopsies, were included in the study.

Posaconazole: an emerging therapeutic option for invasive rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis.

Posaconazole has significant activity against the Mucormycetes. However, data are limited on the clinical efficacy of posaconazole for treating rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in patients with ROCM.

Unusual cause of maxillary sinus mass with proptosis.

We report a case of a 21-year-old Indian man with an 8-month history of left-sided headache, maxillary sinus mass, proptosis and swelling of the left temple, whose contrast-enhanced CT scans of the paranasal sinuses showed an enhancing, destructive soft tissue mass involving the left maxillary sinus, orbit, infratemporal fossa and anterior cranial fossa, suggestive of a malignancy or chronic granulomatous disease. Histopathological examination of the sinus mass, which was debulked and partially excised via an endoscopic approach, suggested a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing disease of the maxillary sinus. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining and biochemical tests confirmed the diagnosis.

Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal colonization by S. pneumoniae in Indian infants in the first 2 years of life.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of invasive disease in developing countries like India. Although the 13 valent pneumococcal vaccine has already been introduced in the country, there is very little epidemiological data regarding S. pneumoniae colonization and antibiotic susceptibility in Indian infants.

Unusual complication of dental extraction: lingual abscess.

Acute lingual swelling is a potentially life threatening clinical condition which is encountered very rarely, the differential diagnosis of which includes hemorrhage, infarction, abscess, tumor and edema. Herein we report a case of lingual abscess that presented with acute tongue swelling and respiratory distress after extraction of lower two incisor teeth.