Clinical feeding assessment: An effective screening test to predict aspiration in children in low resource settings.

Objective: Diagnosis and management of swallowing problems in children is crucial for improvement of their health status and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of clinical feeding assessment (CFA) as a screening test to detect aspiration in children using fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) as the gold standard.

Methods: A prospective study of 80 children aged below 16 years who were referred to a paediatric otolaryngology clinic for swallowing complaints was completed from 2019 to 2020.

EAST in Children with Allergic rhinitis: Experience from Indian Tertiary Centre.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is recognized as a growing global health disease with considerable importance among children and adolescents. This study aims to study the clinical and sensitization profile of children with allergic rhinitis using EAST. All children presenting to pediatric ENT outpatient with a clinical diagnosis of AR were prospectively recruited.

Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Same CT Dimensions, Varied Scenarios.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress. We report a case series of four infants with similar radiological dimensions but while two needed surgery, two could be managed conservatively. The clinical presentation of the child and the response to conservative treatment, rather than the radiological dimensions were the main predictors for surgical intervention.

Paediatric submental epidermoid cyst.

A young girl presented with an insidious onset, gradually increasing midline submental swelling of 1-year duration and pain on swallowing for 6 months. Ultrasonography of the neck suggested a hypoechoic cystic swelling of the submental region between the muscles of the floor of the mouth, with no increased vascularity. An extraoral surgical enucleation was done and a postoperative biopsy suggested an epidermoid cyst.

Covid 19 Pandemic-Training of Healthcare Workers in Obtaining a Nasopharyngeal Swab: Our Experience.

Unlabelled: To describe the training of healthcare workers (HCW) in nasopharyngeal swabbing during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Tertiary care teaching hospital.

Normative nasalance scores in Tamil-speaking Indian children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain normative nasalance scores for Indian Tamil-speaking children.

Methods: Mean nasalance scores were obtained from 175 consecutive Tamil-speaking normal children (95 males, 80 females) aged 5-16 years during the repetition of six standardized sentences: two oral, two oronasal, and two nasal sentences. The nasal view was used to obtain nasalance scores for the standardized sentences.

A Three Point Assessment Protocol for Tympanoplasty Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis.

 The surgical outcome of chronic otitis media (COM) of the mucosal type in the pediatric population with high rates of recurrent tympanic membrane perforation is indeed a concern for the attending surgeon.  The present study was done to evaluate the outcome of tympanoplasty in children with chronic otitis media mucosal type.  A retrospective analysis of the medical records of all children, aged < 16 years old, who underwent tympanoplasty for COM of the mucosal type was performed.

Determination of Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Otopathogens Isolated from Discharging Ears in Children with Chronic Otitis Media.

Chronic otitis media is a common disease of the developing world with persistent ear discharge, leading to major complications. This study describes the microorganisms isolated from the middle ear and nasopharynx of children with chronically discharging ears. Middle ear and nasopharyngeal swabs from 89 children were studied, and the microorganisms isolated were assessed for biofilm-forming ability.

A Case-Control Study on the Association Between Endoscopic ACE Grade of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Hearing Loss in Children and Its Impact on Speech and Language Development.

To establish an association between adenoid hypertrophy and hearing loss and its impact on speech and language in pediatric age group. A prospective case control study done in a tertiary hospital in South India. Twenty children with hearing loss were recruited in the study group and twenty-four children as controls.

Pediatric tracheal dimensions on computed tomography and its correlation with tracheostomy tube sizes.

Objective: Age-based formulas for selecting the appropriate size of tracheostomy tubes in children are based on data on tracheal dimensions. This study aims to measure the tracheal dimensions of Indian children by computerized tomography (CT) and to compare this with the dimensions of age-appropriate tracheostomy tubes.

Methods: CT scans of children aged less than 16 years that were taken for indications other than respiratory distress were included.

Paediatric tracheostomy: A modified technique and its outcomes, results from a South Indian tertiary care.

Study Objectives: To review the key parameters related to the proposed modified pediatric tracheostomy technique with to determine the efficacy, safety and outcomes in a tertiary hospital in south India. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review of all children aged below 16 years who underwent tracheostomy at a tertiary hospital in south India during the period of August 2014 to August 2016. Data on age, gender, indication for tracheostomy, primary disease condition, duration of intubation, complications and decannulation rate were recorded.

Validation of a drooling questionnaire in Indian children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Drooling of saliva is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy. In addition to causing impairment in articulation, drooling also affects socialization, interpersonal relationships and integration into society for these children. There are various methods to assess drooling which measure directly the amount of saliva drooled.

Radiological Evaluation of Cochlear Orientation and Its Implications in Cochlear Implantation.

To test whether there are variations in cochlear orientation with respect to age and sex, and its relevance in cochlear implant surgery. Implant otologists rely upon the anatomic landmarks including the facial recess and round window niche and round window membrane for accessibility and placement of electrode array into scala tympani of basal turn of cochlea. Anecdotally, surgeons note variations in cochlear orientation with respect to age.

Endoscopic Repair of CSF Fistulae: A Ten Year Experience.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CFF) fistulae are repaired endoscopically with varying degrees of success around the world. Large series are still uncommon, and the results varied primarily because of the different techniques by different surgeons and also because of a variation in the patient profile in each series, for example, many series deal primarily with traumatic CSF leaks where the defects are larger and outcomes poorer.

Aim: To analyse the surgical outcomes of Endoscopic CSF rhinorrhea closure.

Congenital midnasal stenosis - A novel technique for management.

Neonates are obligate nasal breathers and nasal obstruction in a neonate is an emergency. Here we report two cases of congenital mid-nasal stenosis, discuss its presentation and diagnosis with description of a novel method of management.

"Post intubation Laryngeal injuries in a pediatric intensive care unit of tertiary hospital in India: A Fibreoptic endoscopic study".

Study Objectives: To identify acute laryngeal injuries among pediatric patients intubated for more than 48hours, and to correlate these injuries with clinical variables.

Setting: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary level hospital in India.

Patients And Methods: Prospective, observational study.

Difficult Laryngeal Exposure in Microlaryngoscopy: Can it be Predicted Preoperatively?

The aim of the present study was to identify preoperative clinical predictors for difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) and to define a simple grading system for laryngeal exposure. This is a prospective descriptive study carried out in a tertiary teaching hospital in South India. Patients above 18 years undergoing microlaryngoscopy had presurgical evaluation of 11 physical parameters.

ACE grading-A proposed endoscopic grading system for adenoids and its clinical correlation.

Objectives: To propose a novel endoscopic adenoid grading system using a rigid nasal endoscope and to study its correlation with the clinical diagnosis.

Methodology: Prerecorded video clips of rigid nasal endoscopy taken during endoscopic adenoidectomy were retrieved. Otolaryngology consultants blinded to the clinical diagnosis of the child were presented these videos and asked to grade the adenoid hypertrophy as per the proposed endoscopic ACE (Airway/Choana/Eustachian tube) grading system.

Endoscopic Repair of CSF Rhinorrhea: An Institutional Experience.

Introduction: Endoscopic repair is considered the treatment of choice in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. The aim of our study was to analyze the etiopathogenesis of CSF rhinorrhea, the outcome of treatment and the causes of failure in a developing-country setting.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with endoscopic repair for CSF rhinorrhea at a tertiary care hospital in southern India from January 2002 to December 2009 identified 36 patients, the majority of them being women.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intranasal Midazolam and Chloral Hydrate for Procedural Sedation in Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal midazolam and chloral hydrate syrup for procedural sedation in children.

Study Design: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial (double blind, double dummy).

Setting: Tertiary care hospital over 18 months.

IgG4-related disease with sinonasal involvement: A case series.

We present the imaging findings in two cases of IgG4-related disease involving the sinonasal region in the pediatric age group. Imaging findings in IgG4-related disease affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses have been rarely reported in literature. The diagnosis is made by a combination of clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings.

A rare case of bilateral nasolabial cysts in a postpartum lady.

Nasolabial cyst, also known as Klestadt's cyst is an uncommon nonodontogenic cyst. Bilateral nasolabial cysts are rarer and less than 10 cases have been reported in the literature. Diagnosis is usually clinical and they present as slow-growing swellings in the nasolabial region causing cosmetic deformity and nasal obstruction.

Bilateral simultaneous cochlear implantation in children: report of a case and review of literature.

The benefits of bilateral cochlear implant in adults are well established. Auditory ability in children is also substantially improved by binaural hearing. We report the first case of bilateral simultaneous paediatric cochlear implant in India and discuss the merits of bilateral implant.