Exploring the Upper Limits of Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A STARSHIP Analysis.

Background: Low cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) has previously been identified as a key prognostic marker after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebrovascular autoregulation supports stabilization of cerebral blood flow within the autoregulation range. Beyond the upper limit of this range, cerebral blood flow increases with increasing CPP, leading to increased risk of intracranial hypertension and blood-brain barrier disruptions.

Chalcogenide-Based Brain-Inspired Photo-Synapses for Neuromorphic Vision Sensor: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.

2D chalcogenide-based memristors have the potential to be used in artificial biological visual systems since their synaptic behavior can be optically and electrically modulated. Furthermore, 2D van der Waals materials such as SnS can be used to integrate multifunctional optoelectronic devices by employing a rational design. Here, the simulation of a human biological visual system is reported by using multifunctional optoelectronic synaptic devices.

Development of an in vitro method to assess the immunogenicity of biologics in the prevention of infectious diseases.

We present a series of preclinical studies focused on developing in vitro 2D and 3D models for assessing immunogenic factors in preventing infectious diseases. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Calu-3 cell lines (bronchial epithelial cells) were used to develop 2D and 3D models. Peptides: Spike-S1-His (S-His), nucleocapsid-His and adjuvants: human adenovirus five serotype-based viral vector (AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L), armed with inducible co-stimulator (ICOSL) and CD40 ligand (CD40L), and a vector lacking these transgenes (AdV5/3) were used due to their effective initial interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APC).

Inverse-scattering in biological samples via beam-propagation.

Multiple scattering limits optical imaging in thick biological samples by scrambling sample-specific information. Physics-based inverse-scattering methods aim to computationally recover this information, often using non-convex optimization to reconstruct the scatter-corrected sample. However, this non-convexity can lead to inaccurate reconstructions, especially in highly scattering samples.

Simplified model of the effective thermal conductivity of a bundle of round steel bars.

The paper presents a simplified model of the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of a bundle of circular steel bars. This model is a modification of a previously introduced detailed model, in which the ETC value is determined based on an analysis of thirteen thermal resistances. In the simplified model, the number of resistances was reduced to four, and some of the equations describing individual resistances were modified.

Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Transformations of Thioamides.

Pursuing innovative and environmentally friendly synthetic strategies is always a desirable goal in organic synthesis, and thus, we have developed green and sustainable electrochemical (EC) and photoelectrochemical (iPEC) transformations of thioamides into amides. The established EC protocol is inexpensive, mild, and metal- and catalyst-free. iPEC cells are extensively studied for solar energy conversion, but their application in synthesizing high-value organic molecules has been limited.

Towards Greener Polymers: Poly(octamethylene itaconate--succinate) Synthesis Parameters.

A group of renewable, unsaturated resins from itaconic acid, 1,8-octanediol, and succinic anhydride were synthesized in a non-solvent and non-catalyst melt polycondensation reaction. The study addresses the need for sustainable polymeric materials suitable for additive manufacturing by investigating the influence of synthesis parameters-namely itaconic acid content, reaction time, and temperature-on the properties of poly(octamethylene itaconate--succinate) (POItcSc). The Box-Behnken mathematical planning method was applied to optimize the reaction conditions.

Impact of Grinding Depth on Dislocation Structures and Surface Hardening in C45 Steel.

This study investigates the strain hardening and dislocation structure in the surface layers of C45 steel subjected to precision grinding at various depths. The aim was to assess how different grinding conditions influence the mechanical response and defect structure of ferrite. Nanoindentation was used to evaluate mechanical properties, while X-ray diffraction analysis provided data on the microstrain, crystallite size, and residual stress.

Filamentary Resistive Switching Mechanism in CuO Thin Film-Based Memristor.

Understanding the resistive switching (RS) mechanisms in memristive devices is crucial for developing non-volatile memory technologies. Here, we investigate the memristor effect in hydrothermally grown Au-nanoseeded CuO films. Based on I-V measurements, conductive-AFM, S/TEM, and EDS analyses, we examine the changes within the switching layer associated with RS.

Wear Behavior of AlO/TiAlC-MAX Composites at Elevated Temperatures.

This paper investigates the effect of TiAlC-MAX phase addition as a solid lubricant to AlO. The composites were prepared using powder metallurgy and consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The influence of TiAlC addition on phase composition and mechanical and tribological properties was evaluated.

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Volume Assessed by 7 Tesla MRI 3D MT-Weighted SILENT Protocol in Patients with STARGARDT Disease-Pilot Study.

To quantitatively assess lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) volume using 7 Tesla MRI in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD). A total of 18 patients with STGD and 15 healthy volunteers were examined with a 7 Tesla MRI of the brain. Measures of LGN volume were performed manually by three independent investigators (radiologists) using ITK-SNAP software, version 4.

Wetting Properties of a Saponin-Rich Aqueous Soapwort Extract.

The saponin-rich plant extracts are mixtures of various surface-active and non-surface-active compound substances. Their exact composition depends on the type of plant and its part from which they were extracted. In this study, we analyze the wetting properties of the extract obtained by boiling soapwort ( L.

Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Retentate After Microfiltration: Evaluation of the Performance of the System Based on Activated Sludge and Activated Carbon.

The dairy industry generates significant amounts of wastewater, including microfiltration (MF) retentate, a byproduct thickened with organic and inorganic pollutants. This study focuses on the treatment of two times concentrated MF retentate using a hybrid system based on biological treatment in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) and adsorption on activated carbon. The first stage involved cross-flow microfiltration using a 0.

Microfluidic System Based on Flexible Structures for Point-of-Care Device Diagnostics with Electrochemical Detection.

Infectious diseases poses a growing public health challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the urgent need for rapid, accessible diagnostics. This study presents the development of an integrated, flexible point-of-care (POC) diagnostic system for the rapid detection of , the pathogen responsible for diphtheria.

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (Z^{'}) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or W bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions.

Predicting mortality and short-term outcomes of continuous kidney replacement therapies in neonates and infants.

Background: Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) has emerged as a valuable treatment option in critically ill neonates and infants with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis. In this population, we apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) to identify factors influencing mortality and short-term adverse kidney outcomes.

Methods: The study involved neonates and infants included in the EurAKId registry (NCT02960867), who underwent CKRT treatment.

JointDiffusion: Joint representation learning for generative, predictive, and self-explainable AI in healthcare.

Joint machine learning models that allow synthesizing and classifying data often offer uneven performance between those tasks or are unstable to train. In this work, we depart from a set of empirical observations that indicate the usefulness of internal representations built by contemporary deep diffusion-based generative models not only for generating but also predicting. We then propose to extend the vanilla diffusion model with a classifier that allows for stable joint end-to-end training with shared parameterization between those objectives.

Combined dip- and spin-coating for functionalizing polymeric nonwovens via Fiber-nanoparticle electrostatic interactions.

Controlled deposition of TiO nanoparticles onto polypropylene nonwoven fabrics was achieved by tuning electrostatic interactions through pH-dependent zeta potential adjustments. Oppositely charged fiber and particle surfaces promote effective adhesion, with surface coverage strongly impacted by the ionic composition of the dispersion medium. Centrifugal drying minimizes capillary-induced agglomeration, leading to more uniform coatings compared to passive evaporation.

STARSHIP Part 2: Disturbed Pressure Reactivity Duration and Magnitude in Pediatric Severe Traumatic Brain Injury-Outcome Implications.

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) plays a critical role in maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF) amid fluctuations in systemic blood pressure, with dysfunction increasing vulnerability to secondary brain injury, particularly after traumatic brain injury (TBI). While extensively studied in adults, CA dynamics in pediatric TBI (pTBI) remain relatively unexplored. Studying Trends in AutoRegulation in Severe Head Injury in Pediatrics (STARSHIP), the first multicenter, prospective study on CA in pTBI, investigates the pressure reactivity index (PRx) and its association with outcomes.

A hybrid approach for forecasting peak expiratory flow rate in asthma patients using combined linear regression and random forest model.

Asthma is a frequent and long-lasting disorder associated with airway inflammation. The disease severity may lead to serious health concerns and even mortality. In this work, we propose a novel hybrid approach using machine learning models and similarity measurement technique with the aim of precise peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) estimation for asthma trigger assessment.

Probing Dopant Size Effects on Defect Clustering and Vacancy Ordering in Lanthanide-doped Ceria.

Dopant size is known to influence oxygen vacancy-mediated conduction pathways and ionic conductivity in doped ceria, yet the underlying atomic-scale mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we combine neutron total scattering and large-scale atomistic simulations to analyze the local defect structures of two representative doped ceria systems: CeGdO (GDC) and CeNdO (NDC). The local structure of GDC, a commercially used ion conductor, is investigated for the first time using neutron total scattering on Gd-enriched samples.

Hückel anion based concentrated electrolytes for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Hückel anion-based lithium salts present a promising alternative to conventional LiTFSI electrolytes for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries by reducing lithium polysulfide (LiPS) solubility while maintaining favourable electrochemical properties. This study systematically investigates the performance of LiTDI, LiPDI, and LiHDI-based electrolytes in a DOL : DME (1 : 1) solvent system. Raman spectroscopy, ionic conductivity, and viscosity measurements reveal distinct ion association behaviours, with molecular dynamics simulations confirming preferential Li solvation by DME.

Ataxia and oculomotor apraxia caused by a large-scale deletion in the senataxin gene.

Senataxin, an RNA/DNA helicase, is a key protein providing genome stability and one of the best characterized R-loop-binding factors playing an important role in transcription and DNA repair processes. Pathogenic SETX gene variants cause autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (AOA2, MIM #606002) and autosomal dominant juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS4, MIM #602433), rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by juvenile onset of progressive cerebellar ataxia, axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, combined upper and lower motor neuron symptoms, and increased serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP; specific for AOA2). We report two cases of adult patients presenting with cerebellar syndrome, scanned speech, and exercise intolerance which started in the second/third decade of life and were followed by muscle weakness and impaired gait coordination.

The challenge of chromatin model comparison and validation: A project from the first international 4D Nucleome Hackathon.

The computational modeling of chromatin structure is highly complex due to the hierarchical organization of chromatin, which reflects its diverse biophysical principles, as well as inherent dynamism, which underlies its complexity. Chromatin structure modeling can be based on diverse approaches and assumptions, making it essential to determine how different methods influence the modeling outcomes. We conducted a project at the NIH-funded 4D Nucleome Hackathon on March 18-21, 2024, at The University of Washington in Seattle, USA.

Biswas-Chatterjee-Sen kinetic exchange opinion model for two connected groups.

We consider a kinetic model of opinion dynamics known as the Biswas-Chatterjee-Sen model with a modular interaction structure. The system consists of two groups of agents that feature more frequent interactions within each group and rarer interactions between agents of different groups. We use the mean-field analytical approximation to determine that aside from previously known ordered and disordered states, a new antisymmetric ordered state is stable, where each group has an opposite dominant opinion.