Modulation of Neutrophil Recruitment and Inflammatory Signaling in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Leukotriene Inhibitors Montelukast and Zileuton.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by excessive neutrophil-driven inflammation and remains a leading cause of mortality in critical care. Leukotriene-modifying agents, such as montelukast (a CysLTR1 antagonist) and zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor), are approved for chronic inflammatory lung diseases, but their role in ARDS is unclear. We investigated the effects of montelukast and zileuton in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS, supported by in vitro assays using human neutrophils.

IgA-autoantibodies to histone 2B allow to differentiate between alcohol- and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Background & Aim: The diagnosis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and especially the differential diagnosis with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic LD (MASLD) remains challenging and is primarily dependent on the patient's medical history. Several autoantibodies have been described in ALD but they are not specific to this condition. Preliminary studies provided evidence that antibodies to histone 2B (H2B) of the IgA-type are strongly associated with ALD.

The retrosigmoid keyhole approach to the cerebellopontine angle: a modified surgical technique and the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a common postoperative complication after suboccipital craniotomies and can develop into a potentially life-threatening situation. Advances in dural replacement materials have revolutionized the treatment of CSF leaks and provide innovative alternatives to traditional repair methods. Synthetic and biological dural replacement materials, as well as fibrin sealants and tissue engineering approaches, offer improved durabilit, biocompatibility, and regenerative properties.

Claudin-1 is a mediator and therapeutic target in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background And Aim: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholangiopathy associated with high risk of development into end-stage liver disease and hepatobiliary cancer. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, and current clinical care offers limited therapeutic options, primarily relying on liver transplantation. Claudin-1 (CLDN1), a transmembrane protein highly expressed in liver epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in cell-cell communication and signaling.

A receptor antagonist counterbalances multiple systemin phytocytokines in tomato.

Tight regulation of immune activation is crucial for plant health. How plants control the actions of their immunostimulatory phytocytokines is largely unknown. Here, we identify antiSYS as a natural inhibitor of the tomato cytokine systemin.

Health-Related quality of life and the impact of traditional, complementary and integrative Medicine - an Online - Representative Cross-Sectional survey in Germany.

Background: Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine (TCIM) is widely used in Germany. Approximately 70% of the German population report lifetime use, with 32% indicating usage within the past year and 18% currently. This study examines the association between TCIM utilization and health-related factors, including sociodemographic characteristics and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Germany.

Identification of factors associated with depression chronicity: An analysis of the Canadian Study on Aging (CLSA).

Objective: Identification of risk factors for depressive chronicity may reduce disease burden by informing prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression chronicity and explore factors linked to chronic depression in a longitudinal cohort.

Methods: Participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort who were depressed at baseline, based on a score of 10 or more on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 item scale (CESD-10), were included (n = 3473).

Benchmarking the Structure-Based Virtual Screening Performance of Wild-Type and Resistant DHFR Using Docking and Machine Learning Re-Scoring.

Purpose: Malaria, caused by the parasite , remains a critical health challenge. Its enzyme Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) is vital for the parasite's survival and a key target for antimalarial drugs. Mutations in DHFR are primary cause of drug resistance in malaria parasites, particularly to antifolate drugs, like pyrimethamine.

Incidence of pediatric delirium and withdrawal outside the PICU: findings from a pediatric cardiology ward.

Unlabelled: Pediatric delirium, a severe acute brain dysfunction, is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and prolonged hospital stays. Despite its substantial impact, it often goes unrecognized and is not routinely screened for, resulting in underrecognition. Delirium is common in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), with a prevalence of 34% in a recent meta-analysis.

Neural contrast sensitivity is not affected by myopic blur.

The prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide, accompanied by an increase of potentially under-corrected myopes. Because neural pathways are prone to adaptation in relation to the sensory input, we wondered to what extent neural contrast sensitivity (NCS) is altered in the presence of image blur arising from under-correction. No significant differences in NCS were observed between the three groups but were significantly equivalent between emmetropes, well-corrected, and under-corrected myopes (all p < 0.

Inferior frontal gyrus is responsible for cognitive control during two-digit number processing: fNIRS evidence from magnitude comparison task.

Cognitive control plays an indispensable role in multi-digit number processing. The place-value structure of multi-digit numbers is apparent when comparing numbers. If the comparison of units yields a different result from the comparison of decades, the process takes longer than comparing compatible number pairs.

Deep Learning Model for Breast Shear Wave Elastography to Improve Breast Cancer Diagnosis (INSPiRED 006): An International, Multicenter Analysis.

Purpose: Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been investigated as a complement to B-mode ultrasound for breast cancer diagnosis. Although multicenter trials suggest benefits for patients with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4(a) breast masses, widespread adoption remains limited because of the absence of validated velocity thresholds. This study aims to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model using SWE images (artificial intelligence [AI]-SWE) for BI-RADS 3 and 4 breast masses and compare its performance with human experts using B-mode ultrasound.

Conspiracy beliefs predict perceptions of procedural justice.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people believing in political COVID-19 conspiracies likely perceived that the government executed power unfairly (i.e., low procedural justice), which might have contributed to the questioning of the government's legitimacy.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for rheumatic diseases: best practice recommendations from the EBMT Practice Harmonization and Guidelines Committee.

Immune-mediated rheumatologic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of systemic conditions that affect the connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs. Immune-mediated RMDs are driven by chronic autoimmune responses and typically require continuous or repeated administration of immunosuppressive or biologic disease-modifying drugs. Although generally effective, these therapies can cause both short- and long-term side effects and may fail to control the disease with risk of irreversible tissue damage.

Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin in 8/10 HLA-mismatched unrelated donor transplantation: the analysis on behalf of the transplant complications working party of the EBMT.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) from 8/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor is performed in a minority of patients. There is little data on its outcomes and consequently, guidelines on optimal transplantation procedures are lacking. The Transplant complications working party of the EBMT performed a registry study comparing approaches to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in recipients of alloHCT from 8/10 HLA-mismatched unrelated donors (8/10 MMUD).

The expanding role of the NLRP3 inflammasome from periodic fevers to therapeutic targets.

Understanding and treating inflammation has proven a formidable challenge. The initiator and central motor of inflammation, the protein NLRP3, is an innate immune sentinel and nonspecific sensor of cellular perturbation. A wide array of inflammatory triggers prompts the formation of an NLRP3 'inflammasome' complex, leading to inflammatory interleukin-1 family cytokine release and pyroptotic cell death.

Ready-made bodily sensations.

Unlabelled: Embodiment plays an important role in art engagement, yet it is unclear how expectations shape bodily sensations, especially when interacting with ready-made art. In this study, we investigated how expectations and the nature of images of everyday objects affect bodily sensations. We tested if bodily sensations changed depending on (1) whether the participants were told that everyday objects were from a Museum, Commercial or Mixed context and (2) the nature of the images, counterbalancing whether they were of ready-made art or not.

Safety and vision outcomes of subretinal gene supplementation therapy in -associated retinitis pigmentosa: a non-randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: -associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare inherited retinal disease leading to severe vision loss and blindness, with no available treatment. This study assessed the safety and vision outcomes of a gene therapy using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding PDE6A (AAV8.hPDE6A).

Treatment and survival of early non-metastatic breast cancer in men: real world data from a population-based registry.

Aim: This study aimed to characterize a cohort of male patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, specifically focusing on tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and determinants of overall survival.

Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the Baden-Württemberg Cancer Registry, encompassing male patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2015 and 2023. A total of 470 patient records were included.

Regional lymph node invasion in pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma: an international cohort study from the International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Consortium.

Background: In pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS), the frequency and prognostic impact of regional lymph node involvement (N1) are not clearly defined and may vary according to histological type. We therefore to analyze the rate of N1 at diagnosis, the pattern of nodal relapse, and the prognostic impact of N1 in pediatric patients with NRSTS.

Methods: Data were collected and analyzed through the International Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT).

Prevalence of locoregional and distant lymph node metastases in children and adolescents/young adults with soft tissue sarcomas: a Bayesian meta-analysis of proportions.

Background: The presence of both regional and distant lymph node metastases (LNM) in paediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) significantly impacts clinical outcomes. However, reported rates of LNM vary widely across the literature and are often accompanied by substantial uncertainty. We aimed to quantitatively synthesise global proportions of LNM across different histological subtypes and tumour sites in this population.

Pathway-Specific Polygenic Scores for Predicting Clinical Lithium Treatment Response in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Polygenic scores (PGSs) hold the potential to identify patients who respond favorably to specific psychiatric treatments. However, their biological interpretation remains unclear. In this study, we developed pathway-specific PGSs (PS) for lithium response and assessed their association with clinical lithium response in patients with bipolar disorder.

Optic nerve sheath diameter measurements monitor the impact of venous sinus stenosis and surgery on intracranial pressure in NF2 meningioma patients.

The study aimed to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) in NF2-associated meningiomas using perioperative optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements. We retrospectively analyzed bilateral ONSD in 48 NF2 patients with 90 operated intracranial meningiomas. The mean ONSD was calculated while considering factors like symptoms of increased ICP, tumor location, tumor-induced venous sinus stenosis, and Simpson grading.

ROSIE: AI generation of multiplex immunofluorescence staining from histopathology images.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) is a common and inexpensive histopathology assay. Though widely used and information-rich, it cannot directly inform about specific molecular markers, which require additional experiments to assess. To address this gap, we present ROSIE, a deep-learning framework that computationally imputes the expression and localization of dozens of proteins from H&E images.