Bloodstream infections epidemiology and clinical outcomes after 1 year post allogeneic hematogenous stem cell transplantation.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a serious threat for patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (a-HSCT). MDR colonization is highly prevalent among a-HSCT patients, due to drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis. Primary outcome of the study was to assess the epidemiology and risk factors for BSIs in the 1st year after a-HSCT.

Role of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with hematologic malignancy-A narrative review and expert opinion.

Background: COVID-19 remains a potentially severe condition for immunocompromised individuals, such as patients with hematologic malignancy. These patients are at increased risk of progressing to severe-critical or prolonged COVID-19. Prompt treatment with antivirals has proven effective in preventing disease progression and is recommended by current guidelines.

Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin in 8/10 HLA-mismatched unrelated donor transplantation: the analysis on behalf of the transplant complications working party of the EBMT.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) from 8/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor is performed in a minority of patients. There is little data on its outcomes and consequently, guidelines on optimal transplantation procedures are lacking. The Transplant complications working party of the EBMT performed a registry study comparing approaches to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in recipients of alloHCT from 8/10 HLA-mismatched unrelated donors (8/10 MMUD).

Clinical Impact of Graft Cryopreservation on Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Italian, Registry-Based Study on Behalf of the "Gruppo Italiano Per Il Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche e Terapia Cellulare" (GITMO).

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created major challenges for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Scientific societies and authorities recommended cryopreserving grafts before starting conditioning regimens, despite limited data on the clinical impact. The Italian Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation (GITMO) conducted a registry-based study involving 3492 patients who underwent allo-HSCT between March 2018 and September 2021.

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of CPX- 351 in secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia between the registrative trial and a real-life study.

A real-life study on CPX-351 and the standard arm ('7 + 3') of the CPX-351 registrative trial in adults with secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia were compared by an unanchored Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC), in order to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of CPX-351. Results of this study are important to confirm the role of CPX-351 in significantly improving survival and remission rates compared with '7 + 3' with a good safety profile in AML patients with high-risk features, a target group traditionally with a very poor prognosis. Moreover, this pilot analysis underlines the potentiality of the statistical method to compare studies with strong differences.

The Changing Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Serology and Infection on Patient Outcome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Italian Prospective Multicenter Survey in the Era of Letermovir Prophylaxis.

Background: In the letermovir primary prophylaxis (LET-PP) era, the epidemiology of human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV-i) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients has changed.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated incidence and risk factors for clinically significant (CS) HCMV-i at 180 days from transplant and 1-year overall survival in 1310 allo-HSCTs performed from January 2021 to March 2022 according to LET-PP use.

Results: The cumulative incidence of CS-HCMV-i at 100 and 180 days from transplant was 3.

Primary antifungal prophylaxis in hematological malignancies. Updated clinical practice guidelines by the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL).

At the 10th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL), the guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric and adult patients with hematological malignancies (HM) were updated and some changes introduced. Regarding acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients undergoing remission induction chemotherapy, a B-II grading has been assigned to isavuconazole, micafungin, and caspofungin, based on non-randomized studies that have shown efficacy in preventing invasive fungal diseases (IFD). Regarding high-risk MDS patients treated with azacytidine, prophylaxis with posaconazole during the first four cycles of treatment is supported in the literature.

Influence of ESBL colonization status on gut microbiota composition during allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

After allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT), the diversity of the intestinal microbiota significantly decreases. The changes can be rapid and are thought to be caused by chemotherapy, antibiotics, or intestinal inflammation. Most patients are exposed to prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics during neutropenia and several patients are colonized by ESBL bacteria.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.

Clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on the treatment of suspected or proven infections in a large cohort of patients with haematological malignancies: a multicentre observational real-world study.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical impact of ceftazidime/avibactam on treating infections due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria in patients with haematological malignancies (HMs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study at 17 Italian haematological wards that included patients with HMs receiving ceftazidime/avibactam for the treatment of suspected or proven infections. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality 30 days after infection onset.

Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of a Single-Center Study.

Background: Despite the adoption of pediatric-like chemotherapy protocols, the introduction of new immunotherapies and a better understanding of the oncogenic landscape, the outcome for adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain substantially dismal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome in terms of survival in a cohort of adult patients with ALL who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) between 2013 and 2023.

Methods: This was a single-center observational retrospective study including all consecutive adult patients with ALL who received an alloSCT between April 2013 and April 2023 at the Stem Cell Transplant Center AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Torino.

Busulfan-fludarabine versus busulfan-cyclophosphamide for allogeneic transplant in acute myeloid leukemia: long term analysis of GITMO AML-R2 trial.

We report the long-term results of a randomized trial (GITMO, AML-R2), comparing 1:1 the combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy2, n = 125) and the combination of busulfan and fludarabine (BuFlu, n = 127) as conditioning regimen in acute myeloid leukemia patients (median age 51 years, range 40-65) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 6 years, significantly better non-relapse mortality (NRM) was confirmed in BuFlu recipients, which is sustained up to 4 years after transplant (10% vs. 20%, p = 0.

Young (<35 years) haploidentical versus old (≥35 years) mismatched unrelated donors and vice versa for allogeneic stem cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: a study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

We compared transplantation (HSCT) outcomes in AML patients undergoing HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in first complete remission from 1065 young (<35 years) haploidentical (Haplo) donors (yHaplo) vs. 147 old (≥35 years) mismatched unrelated donors (oMMUD) (first comparison) and from 271 young (<35 years) MMUD (yMMUD) vs. 1315 old (≥35 years) Haplo donors (oHaplo) (second comparison).

Revision of antifungal strategies definitions for invasive fungal infections (proven/probable/possible) in 461 patients with haematological malignancies (REDEFI-SEIFEM).

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with haematological neoplasms (HMs). Since 2002, a classification of IFI based on host factors, clinical and radiological features and mycological tests was published for research purpose.

Objectives: These criteria are widely used in clinical practice to identify patients at risk for IFI.

Prognostic factors impacting post-transplant outcomes in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a registry-based study by the EBMT acute leukemia working party.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) predominantly affects individuals in late childhood and young adulthood. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative modality particularly in the setting of poor risk genetics and/or persistent minimal residual disease. Limited studies have directly explored the impact of patient- and transplant-related factors on post-transplant outcomes in T-ALL.

Peripheral blood stem cell versus bone marrow graft for patients ≥60 years undergoing reduced intensity conditioning haploidentical transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission: An analysis of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

In the context of T-cell replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), it is still unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) is the best graft source. While PB is associated with a higher incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), it may induce a stronger graft-versus-leukemia effect compared to BM, notably in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From the EBMT registry database, we compared T-cell replete PB (n = 595) versus BM (n = 209) grafts in a large cohort of 804 patients over the age of 60 years who underwent Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy for an AML in first or second complete remission.

Disseminated Enterovirus Infection in a Patient Affected by Follicular Lymphoma Treated with Obinutuzumab: A Case Report and a Narrative Review of the Literature.

: the principal purpose of this literature review is to cluster adults with hematological malignancies after treatment or on maintenance with obinutuzumab who experienced disseminated EV infection to understand clinical characteristics and outcome of this rare condition in these patients. We report the first clinical case of a male affected by follicular lymphoma treated with immune-chemotherapy including obinutuzumab who was affected by disseminated EV infection with cardiovascular involvement. : this narrative review summarizes all the research about disseminated EV infection in immunosuppressed adult patients treated with obinutuzumab from January 2000 to January 2024 using the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) flow-chart.